The Ethical Choice of Business English Interpreters under Chesterman’s Model of Translation Ethics

This paper explores the ethical challenges encountered by business English interpreters using Chesterman’s Model of Translation Ethics,set against the context of economic globalization and the“Belt and Road”initiative.With the increasing demand for interpreters,the paper delves into the ongoing discussion about the role of AI in translation and its limitations,especially concerning cultural subtleties and ethical issues.It highlights the importance of human interpreters’cross-cultural understanding and the ethical principles that inform their work,such as the Ethics of Representation,Service,Communication,Norm-based Ethics,and Commitment.Moreover,the paper examines how these ethical models are applied in practical business situations,including business banquets,business negotiations,business talks and business visits,etc.,and investigates the cultural misunderstandings that may occur during these interactions.The study concludes that although AI provides efficiency and cost savings,human interpreters are essential for their capacity to handle the intricacies of cross-cultural communication with cultural awareness and ethical discernment.

Patients＇ Responsibilities in Medical Ethics

There has been a shift from the general presumption that ＂doctor knows best＂ to a heightened respect for patient autonomy. Medical ethics remains one-sided, however. It tends （incorrectly） to interpret patient autonomy as mere participation in decisions, rather than a willingness to take the consequences. In this respect, medical ethics remains largely paternalistic, requiring doctors to protect patients from the consequences of their decisions. This is reflected in a one-sided account of duties in medical ethics. Medical ethics may exempt patients from obligations because they are the weaker or more vulnerable party in the doctor-patient relationship. We argue that vulnerability does not exclude obligation. We also look at others ways in which patients＇ responsibilities flow from general ethics： for instance, from responsibilities to others and to the self, from duties of citizens, and from the responsibilities of those who solicit advice. Finally, we argue that certain duties of patients counterbalance an otherwise unfair captivity of doctors as helpers.

Ethical Problems in MTI Students’Escort Interpreting from the Perspective of Chesterman’s Models on Translation Ethics

The professionalization of translation has been discussed by many scholars in recent years,which has inspired the intense discussion of translation ethics.Drawing upon Chesterman’s models on translation ethics,this paper intends to examine the ethical problems in MTI students’escort interpreting for Vanuatu Sport Technical Assistance Project for the Pacific Mini Games in 2017 and China-ASEAN International Capacity Cooperation Forum in 2016.The data was collected by the methods of participant observation and informal interviews in the process of the two interpreting projects,especially the six-month assistance project.The ethical problems in the escort interpreting and the reasons that caused the problems were analyzed through case study.It is found that the major ethical problems that occurred are related to the ethics of communication,the norm-based ethics,and the ethics of commitment.These ethical problems were mainly related to the student escort interpreters’language proficiency,professional qualities,and intercultural/interpersonal communication competence.Some solutions are suggested based on Chesterman’s models on translation ethics.It is hoped that the research findings can provide some references to the implementation of the similar interpreting programs in the future,and enhance interpreting teaching and training programs.

Return to ethics： On translators＇ norms of honor and shame

Translation studies has undergone three different periods： the traditional philological period, the modem linguistic period and the contemporary cultural period. Ever since the cultural turn, especially after the introduction of deconstruction into translation, traditional translation theories have been greatly affected. The traditional principle like faithfulness to the source text and the writer has been attacked and the translator＇s subjectivity and creativity have been greatly advocated. Under such circumstances, this paper, however, holds that translation studies should turn to ethics for the messy situation, and translators should be able to identify norms of honor and shame in translation practice.

Philosophical Foundations of Business Ethics： French Philosophy and Social Theory in Relation to Ethics and Philosophy of Management

This article gives an overview of my book French Philosophy and Social Theory. A Perspective for Ethics and Philosophy of Management, published by Springer 2014. As an extension of my earlier work on French philosophy, this book provides an application of important concepts from contemporary French philosophy to business ethics and the ethics of organizations. Although the book covers a wide range of philosophers and philosophical movements, there is a core and deep unity of the book. This is the demonstration of how the conceptual resources of contemporary French philosophy from the early 20th Century to the present day can be applied to give us new perspectives on business ethics and the ethics of organizations.

Business Ethics and Social Responsibility for the Multinational Corporation （MNC）

Business ethics and social responsibility in multinational corporations （MNCs） are more and more challenging, because they are operated in culturally varied environments, which vary from host to host country of each foreign subsidiary and are often very different from the MNC headquarters＇ （HQs） home country culture. A host country＇s societal and cultural factors, combined with local economic conditions and business practices, play major roles in determining the preferred business ethics and social responsibility in each foreign subsidiary. An MNC＇s global HQ should partner with all foreign subsidiaries to determine the global corporate business ethics, social responsibility core, general values, and objectives. Further, each foreign subsidiary should develop in partnership with the HQ, the customized details of its business ethics, social responsibility objectives, goals, strategies, and specific programs for its host country＇s environment.

The Construction of Adolescent Responsibility Ethics in the New Era

Ethical scale and moral scale had become the important standards for people to evaluate responsibility.More and more people begin to pay attention to the moral value and ethical significance of their own behavior.When encountering practical problems,they can also pay more attention to defining and solving problems from the perspective of ethics and morality.Humanism is the core of adolescent responsibility ethics,taking the real world as the foundation to achieve the goal of comprehensively constructing adolescent responsibility ethics.

The Construction of a New Translation Ethics from the Perspective of Chinese Philosophy

As a cross-linguistic,cross-cultural,and cross-social activity,translation is affected by cultural moralities.Since the ethical standard of faithfulness has been abandoned by theories of cultural criticism and the power of translators’manipulation has been constantly exaggerated,the study of translation ethics is an effective remedy for a current dilemma in translation studies.It is a common phenomenon for some translators to erase the linguistic and cultural differences of Chinese literature by catering to target readers’reception.Social ethics is the foundation of a nation’s translation ethics,which means that thoughts from the Western world may not be suitable for the current situation in China.Learning from concepts of Chinese philosophy including harmony in diversity,seeking common ground while reserving differences,and honesty to formulate a new translation ethics will surely restrain translators’subjectivity within appropriate limits and develop world culture in more harmonious fashion.

Online Journalism and the Challenge of Ethics in Nigeria

Online journalism has changed the face of journalism practice in Nigeria and the world at large. The Internet has virtually revolutionized the process of news and information gathering and dissemination. However, not abiding by the ethics of the profession has become its major burden, a situation that is blamed on certain identified factors. Presently, there is no clear distinction between the role of conventional journalism and citizen journalism. Conventional journalism, which is the mainstream profession of joumalism, requires one form of training or the other, either through education or on the job training, for them to discharge their social responsibility role, unlike in the case of citizen journalism, which is presently usurping the role of conventional journalism. This development spells negative effects to the trend of journalism. No doubt, the Internet has removed the barriers of space and time on human interactions; hence, information can easily be obtained at a relatively low cost; but, the major challenges are those of ethics, professionalism, and training. These issues need to be addressed urgently before they set the country on fire. This article traces the background of the ethical challenge and examines its management, highlighting the steps that could be taken to tackle the menace. The reasons for the continued growth in audience of new news site are also explained.

Study on Lin Shu’s“Mistranslation”From the Perspective of Translation Ethics

From the appearance of ethics,it has the similar meaning of morality,but the latter one emphasizes more on the study of human’s behaviors,while the ethics would focus on the discussion of moral ethical norms for individuals and the whole society.As one of the most influential translators in late Qing China,Lin Shu makes his great efforts on introducing western literature and new thoughts to China.Referring to the study of Lin’s translations,it always mixed with praises and criticisms,therefore the“faithfulness”in his translations or not would be the main point to discuss.From the perspective of translation ethics,it is mainly explored the cause of“mistranslation”in Lin Shu’s translated works in late Qing China.

Study on the Modern Value of Marxist Responsibility Ethics

The theory of Marxist responsibility ethics is based on the survival and development of human beings,having a strong humanistic color. Generally speaking,M arxist responsibility ethics includes the responsibility for human beings,the responsibility for nature and the responsibility for society. As far as the modern value function of M arxist responsibility is concerned,such a theory advocates respecting the natural environment,promoting the construction of ecological civilization,regulating the operation of the public power,strengthening the construction of responsible governments,promoting humanistic care,promoting the development of the principles of the political education in colleges and universities,advocating social responsibilities and encouraging enterprises to shoulder social responsibilities and so on.

A Comparative Study of Chinese and Western Journalistic Ethics

related to journalistic ethics in China and the west.This paper starts with the comparison of journalistic responsibility ethics.Then from different points,I make a comparative analysis of journalistic ethics.

Ethical Implications of Economic Responsibilities

The focus of the present research is on the notion of economic responsibility as it was first introduced by Jean Maurice Clarke in the early 20th century and further expounded on by Milton Friedman half a century later.Thereby the aim is neither to present a historical and systematic description of validated positions nor to draw a comparison between them,but rather to elaborate on a sufficiently distinctive characterization of the ethical questions implied,though not explicitly presented,in the concepts of economic responsibility.The research is carried out against the backdrop of the premise of the precedence of reason and constitutive for the tradition of metaphysical thinking.It involves critical distinctions characteristic of Immanuel Kant’s ethics.

A Study of Translation Institutional Ethics

Traditional translation ethics characterized by translators’ ethics cannot provide a strong moral support to the translation practice,or guarantee the moral requirement towards translation activities in the social transformation caused by the market economy,because it does not have the power of punishment. Translation institutional ethics,however,a new form of translation ethics,integrates the translation ethic norm,translation regulations and relative laws together. As an inevitable outcome in the new era,it can escort the orderly and healthy translation activities. Its purpose is to strengthen the translators’moral consciousness,to sublimate their moral notions and to transfer from heteronomy to autonomy.

Media Ethics as Key to Sound Professionalism in Nigerian Journalism Practice

This paper examines the implications of ethics as key to sound professionalism in Nigerian journalism. The paper sets out to assess how ethics affect the standard of journalism practice in the country, using media practitioners in Rivers State, Nigeria as case study. The population of study consisted of the 300 registered journalists in Rivers State of Nigeria, including the editors and managers. The survey research method was used while the questionnaire was used as the primary instrument for data gathering. It was revealed that despite the importance of ethics to journalism practice, journalists＇ adherences to the ethical codes were low. The study also revealed that journalists most times go against the ethics of the profession due to sycophancy, security reasons, desperation, greed, ethical dilemmas, and ignorance of the code of ethics. Based on the timings of the study, it was recommended that media establishments should liaise with the Nigerian Union of Journalist （NUJ） to ensure that only trained journalists are employed to work as journalists. Again the NUJ, it should institute standing disciplinary committee to discipline erring journalists both at the State and National levels. The Ethics Committee of the Nigeria Union of Journalists should regularly review the ethical conducts of journalists and encourage them to adhere to their code of practice

Artificial Intelligence Regulation and Machine Translation Ethics

The technological breakthroughs in generative artificial intelligence,represented by ChatGPT,have brought about significant social changes as well as new problems and challenges.Generative artificial intelligence has inherent flaws such as language imbalance,algorithmic black box,and algorithmic bias,and at the same time,it has external risks such as algorithmic comfort zone,data pollution,algorithmic infringement,and inaccurate output.These problems lead to the difficulty in legislation for the governance of generative artificial intelligence.Taking the data contamination incident in Google Translate as an example,this article proposes that in the process of constructing machine translation ethics,the responsibility mechanism of generative artificial intelligence should be constructed around three elements:data processing,algorithmic optimisation,and ethical alignment.

Exploring the groundwater response to rainfall in a translational landslide using the master recession curve method and cross-correlation function

Rainfall is a common trigger for landslide reactivation,as it raises groundwater levels and reduces bedrock or soil shear resistance.This study focuses on the Kualiangzi landslide in the southern region of Sichuan Province,China.Real-time monitoring of groundwater levels and rainfall from July 2013 to September 2016 is analyzed.Groundwater table increments,considering groundwater drainage rate,were calculated using the water-table fluctuation and master recession curve method and the response time of the groundwater table to rainfall events was estimated using the cross-correlation function.Results reveal that groundwater level declines from tension troughs to landslide fronts in the rainy season,with a significant positive correlation between the groundwater level in the tension trough and landslide surface displacement.Evaluated spring elevations for groundwater discharge range from 410 m to 440 m,which is in agreement with the actual spring elevations(390-423 m).Lag times of groundwater response to rainfall decreases with cumulative rainfall of the rainy periods.In the middle part of the landslide,two responses between rainfall and groundwater levels indicate two water movement pathways:Vertical cracks or fractures resulting from the slow landslide movement,and matrix pore space in unconsolidated sediment.Variations in peak values of the cross-correlation function suggest early dominance of the uniform matrix flow and later dominance of preferential flow during the rainy period.

The Relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility and Business Ethics

The relationship between corporate social responsibility(CSR)and business ethics(BE)is both a practical and theoretical issue.Unlike the traditional way of clarifying the relationship through identifying and comparing the extant definitions of the two terms,this study addresses and compares CSR and BE from three perspectives(basic concepts,academic fields,and social movements)in two analytical dimensions(in practice and in theory).This study indicates that:The relationship between the concept of CSR and BE is different from either the relationship between CSR as an academic field and BE as another academic field or the relationship between CSR as a movement and BE as another movement;within the relationships of the two concepts,fields and movements,the relationship between them in practice is different from that in theory;and CSR and BE are neither totally independent nor one of mutual inclusion,rather,they have similarities and differences.

Translator's Responsibility in the Context of Globalization

China's system of values,in the process of globalization,is being challenged by those of developed Western countries,which pose a serious threat to cultural security of China.This paper will elaborate the challenges a translator is facing in the process,and make suggestions for translators based on the study of new ideas and concept on translation,such as polysystem,with a perspective to give some enlightenment for the overwhehning majority of translators.

The case for mandatory inclusion of ethics within the zoological sciences curriculum

Traditionally,undergraduate science curricula include little or no“ethics,”either as theory or practice.However,zoologists are currently enjoying considerable media exposure:some of it positive(as in conservation practice),but more often negative(pertaining to issues such as the use of animals for testing of drugs,and genetic engineering).More than ever before,zoologists are being asked to make value judgments,and many of these involve moral assessment;if we accept that zoologists(along with other scientists)are professionals,then we must accept that they are responsible for any decisions they make,and it then follows that they are accountable,which can have serious ramifications in cases of malpractice.Ethics involves the application of morality in a professional setting.In light of this,teaching ethics is mandatory in degree programs such as engineering and medicine.This paper contends that a key output of zoological education is the undergraduate who is cognizant of the ethical framework and constructs within which he/she must function.The paper concludes with comment on the nature and style of delivery of ethics education.