The Influence of Academic Self-Efficacy on Learning Engagement in Online Education in China:The Mediating Role of Effort

The shift towards online intelligent learning has become the norm in education and is now a fundamental part of modern educational activities.However,this new model can influence students’learning behavior and lead to changes in their approach to learning.Based on online intelligent learning,we investigated how the academic self-efficacy of nursing students affects their engagement with learning and explored the role of academic attribution as a mediator.Five hundred fifty-three nursing college students from Hebei and Hunan provinces in China participated in the online questionnaire.The results revealed that effort plays a mediating role in the relationship between academic self-efficacy and learning engagement.

Associations between residence and cognitive function among Chinese older adults: the mediating role of leisure activity

Background:Cognitive function is a current research hotspot,residence may be related to differences in cognitive function,and the mediating role of leisure activities are limited in Chinese research.This study used leisure activities as a mediating variable to investigate the mediating role of leisure activity between place of residence(city-town-rural)and cognitive function among Chinese older,this is where the innovation of the article comes in.Methods:Using cross-sectional data from the 2018 Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey,Pearson correlation analyses were employed to examine the relationships among various indicators.Mediation analyses were conducted using the SPSS PROCESS macro program,version 3.5,written by Hayes,to explore the mediating effects of leisure activity between place of residence and cognitive function in older adults.Results:A total of 10955 older adults were included in this study,with a mean age of(84.23±11.57)years.Among them,2739(24.8%)lived in the city,3627(33.1%)in town,and 4615(42.1%)in rural areas;their leisure activity score was(5.34±3.77),and their cognitive function score was(24.69±6.65).Place of residence,leisure activities,and cognitive function were significantly correlated(P<0.01).Using city as a reference,place of residence is negatively associated with cognitive function,and place of residence not only had a direct effect on cognitive function in older adults:town-cognitive function(effect=–0.399;95%confidence interval(CI)=(–0.685,–0.113));rural-cognitive function(effect=–0.42;95%CI=(–0.698,–0.141)).There were also indirect effects on cognitive function through the pathway of leisure activity:town-leisure activity-cognitive function(effect=–0.17;95%CI=(–0.246,–0.1)),rural-leisure activity-cognitive function(effect=–0.199;95%CI=(–0.272,–0.13)).Conclusion:Leisure activities play a partially mediating role between the impact of place of residence and cognitive function in Chinese older adults,and it is vital to pay attention to the impact of place of residence on the cognitive function of older adults in various aspects,and to increase the participation rate of older adults in leisure activities,which is beneficial to the prevention of cognitive decline and the protection of older adult’s physical and mental health.

Study on the Promoting Role of Animating Zhuang Non-Heritage Folktales in the Ethnic Culture Industry

This study aims to explore the role of animating Zhuang non-heritage folktales in promoting the national culture industry.Using literature research,case studies,and comparative research methods,the positive impacts are analyzed in depth across four dimensions:cultural value inheritance,market demand,dissemination channels,and industrial innovation.The results show that animating Zhuang non-heritage folktales can help inherit national culture,meet market demand,broaden communication channels,and promote industrial innovation.Finally,this paper proposes corresponding policy suggestions and implementation paths to provide references for the sustainable development of the ethnic culture industry.

Theoretical Analysis and Practical Reflection on the Role Conflict of Double-Qualified Teachers in University-Affiliated Hospitals

Taking role conflict as the starting point,this article examines and reflects on the development of clinical teachers.In the process of the occurrence,development,and resolution of role conflicts among clinical teachers,there are many hidden issues related to the development of clinical teachers.The development of clinical teacher teaching and role conflict management contain similar educational philosophies and practical issues.This study draws on classic theories and research achievements in the development of university teachers and conducts theoretical analysis and practical reflection on the development of clinical teachers in medical colleges from the perspective of role conflict in social psychology.Policy recommendations are proposed,including strengthening the construction of teaching systems at the hospital organizational environment level,enhancing the role identity and teacher beliefs of clinical teachers,promoting their teaching development and academic learning,and ensuring their normal teaching investment;promoting leadership support at the level of interpersonal interaction and leveraging the role of colleague support in alleviating role conflicts;enhancing individual teacher beliefs,teacher role learning,and role skills.

Exploration of the Evolution of Teacher Roles and Professional Development Needs Among University English Instructors

The role of university English instructors has evolved significantly over the years,encompassing various aspects.This paper explores the evolution of the role of university English instructors and examines the current challenges and opportunities they face in today’s educational landscape.It delves into the multifaceted nature of their responsibilities and discusses the importance of continuous professional development to meet the evolving needs of students and the demands of the profession.

Exploration of Teaching Development Strategies for Double-Qualified Teachers in University- Affiliated Hospitals Based on Role Conflict Theory

This study draws on the classic theories and research achievements of university teacher development,and from the perspective of role conflict in social psychology,proposes policy recommendations for the development of clinical teachers in medical colleges,including following different stages of teacher development and designing teaching development strategies at different levels;designing the content and form of teaching development activities to meet the temporal and spatial needs of clinical teachers;and building an academic community for clinical teachers to promote the creation of teaching development behaviors.

The Role of Teachers’Apperception in Herbart’s Theory for Chinese Teaching in Shenzhen Primary Schools of China

This paper deeply analyzes the practical application of Herbart’s educational concept in contemporary education and teaching,especially its guiding significance to the primary school Chinese classroom in Shenzhen area.Herbart proposed that teachers should play a key role in students’cognitive process,that is,help students better understand and master new knowledge by combining it with existing knowledge.The survey results show that although teachers have some understanding of Herbart’s educational philosophy,it is not widely used in the concrete teaching process.However,the study also shows that there is a positive relationship between Herbart’s theory and students’academic performance,indicating that it plays an important role in improving students’interest and engagement in learning.The research also reveals the differences between educational concepts and practices,as well as the uneven distribution of educational resources,and puts forward measures to alleviate these contradictions,such as strengthening teacher training,improving teaching methods,and emphasizing moral education.At the same time,the study also highlights the critical role of teachers in promoting knowledge integration,arousing learning enthusiasm,shaping students’moral character,and promoting personal and professional growth.

On the representation of roles

The related work to reveal the primary characteristics of roles underlying the existing approaches is analyzed. Then, it is demonstrated that the representation of roles is rather complex and error-prone in these approaches. Especially, the constraints among roles in the same context cannot be expressed by the current web ontology language （OWL）. To solve these problems, a novel model of role is presented and a corresponding ontology language is provided for representing this model. The key idea underlying the solution is that a role should be regarded as an element of a certain context and a context as a structured thing which is comprised of some internal elements. The structure of context possesses inherent modularity and local semantics, whereby the representation of roles and context is significantly simplified.

On the Instructor Role in Online Education

Under the background of the globalization and the possibility of Internet-based virtual reality, online education gradually becomes a trend of today's teaching method. As one aspect of computer assisted language learning, online education in China has drawn the attention of educators, experts, teachers, and learners. However, the studies in the role of instructors in online education in China are still limited. So, this paper will try to research and rethink the instructor role in online education, aiming to recommend some applicable measures to improve the current situation of online education.

On the Role of Noticing in Second Language Acquisition and Learning

Apparent discrepancy exists between Schmidt's Noticing Hypothesis and Krashen's Input Hypothesis. Whilst Krashen highlights the importance of comprehensible input and asserts that language is acquired unconciously, the notion of conscious learning has gained wide support from Schmidt and other researchers. They argue that noticing enhances second language development as one crucial level of consciousness. By reviewing the theoretical constructs that underlie the role of noticing, this paper aims to justify the role of noticing as one crucial level of consciousness in enhancing second language learning.

Change of Teachers' Roles in the Intensive Reading Class

This paper gives an account of characteristics of the intensive reading in English teaching, and change of teachers’ roles in the learner-centered teaching approach. Suggestions are put forward as to how to be a qualified teacher in the intensive reading class accordingly.

The Role of First Language in the Second Language Acquisition

In the linguistic field,L1transfer is a complex and controversial field in second language acquisition.In this article,Firstly,it will discuss some historical theories of L1 transfer.Secondly,it will analyze some manifestations of L1 transfer.Thirdly,it will explain the struc tural and the nonstructural factors in L1 transfer.Fourthly,it will discuss the problems in the study of L1transfer.Finally,it will give some my opinions of L1transfer.

The Role of Prediction in Reading

Presently,a growing number of analysis of reading are paying particular attention to the use that a reader must make of reading strategy prediction in one reading material.Reading strategy prediction plays every important role in reading comprehension.Reading is impossible without prediction.A cluster analysis on the importance of this reading strategy is demonstrated in this paper.The aim of this paper is to demonstrate that prediction is essential for reading.According to the author’s research in this paper,reading beginners who practice prediction in reading routinely are very likely to become fluent readers.

The Role of the ESP Teacher

The paper considers the role of the ESP (English for Specific Purposes) teacher, in particular, to consider in what ways the ESP teacher's lot differs from that of the General English teacher. And finally it provides information about resources to help the ESP teacher.

The Role and features of Student Peer Feedback in Interpreting Training——Preliminary Findings of a Survey of both trainers and students

The project delves into the preliminary findings of a survey of both trainers and students on the practice of using student peer feedback in interpreting practice.It first explains the theoretical foundation which justifies the use of peer feedback in interpreting practice,the research methodology and data collection.Then it brings forth specific findings concerning the implementation of peer feedback in the interpreting class followed by discussions of the role and features of student peer feedback as a means to help students ready for the booth.Analysis of the results shows that peer feedback in interpreting practice keeps students on-task,attentive and help them spot their own problems.Trainers and students themselves point to similar features of student peer feedback as focusing on comprehension of the original,word choice and numbers.The preliminary findings of the survey demonstrate the roles and features of student peer feedback in interpreting practice and point to the possible way of enhancing student’s learning curve through more effective peer feedback.

Teacher's Role in the Oral English Class

English speaking has been paid more attention today, especially in the age of globalization. Teachers are attempting to find out more effective methods to enhance the teaching results of English speaking. Facing the great demands and present difficulties of oral English classes, teachers have to conduct more study and practice to find out what roles that an oral English teacher has to take in the oral English classroom. Compared with the traditional teaching role in the English classroom, an oral English teacher has to fulfill more than one role in the classroom teaching so as to provide better learning conditions for students. Lacking more exposure to the real interaction with native speakers, students expect the oral English teacher to be a creator of the language environment. With various teaching and learning activities in the oral English classroom, the teacher has to be a good organizer to ensure every student to achieve improvement. An oral English teacher also has to correct students'language errors while ensuring the smooth progress of the classroom teaching. Only when an oral English teacher make clear what roles he or she has to take in the classroom can he or she achieve effective teaching.

The Exploration of the Helpful Roles Teacher Can Play to Help non-English Major Students Improve Their English Writing

It is commonly known that writing is an advanced skill which is essential in language learning but at the same time the most difficult task for learners. This paper is with the aim to explore helpful roles that teacher can play to help non-English major students improve their English writing, so as to help improve their writing ability in the author's context.

The Application of TBL Using Role Play to Introduce Vocabulary in China's Private Language School

A specific application of task-based learning in teaching vocabulary to young learners and a complete task cycle using role play to present vocabulary in China's private language school would be described in the study. The participants aged between 7 and 9 are thought to be starters according to their language competence in Common European Framework of Reference for language. The rationale for stages in the task cycle will be fully explored with reference to Piaget and Vygotsky's theory in teaching young learners. The advantages of the adoption of TBL with young learners will be illustrated and some possible problems in implementing TBL in China, a representative country of Confucian-heritage culture would also be discussed in the paper. The study indicates that young learners in China are quite welcome this new approach in their English classes, but the targeted learners' age and background information need to be taken into consideration when actually implement this approach.

Emerging role of Hippo pathway in gastric and othergastrointestinal cancers

More evidence has underscored the importance of Hippo signaling pathway in gastrointestinal tissue homeostasis, whereas its deregulation induces tumorigenesis. Yes-associated protein 1(YAP1) and its close paralog TAZ, transcriptional co-activator with a PDZbinding motif, function as key effectors negatively controlled by the Hippo pathway. YAP1/TAZ exerts oncogenic activities by transcriptional regulation via physical interaction with TEAD transcription factors. In various cancers, Hippo pathway cross-talks with pro- or anti-tumorigenic pathways such as GPCR, Wnt/β-catenin, Notch and TGF-β signaling and is deregulated by multiple factors including cell density/junction and micro RNAs. As YAP1 expression is significantly associated with poor prognosis of gastric and other gastrointestinal cancers, detailed delineation of Hippo regulation in tumorigenesis provides novel insight for therapeutic intervention. In current review, we summarized the recent research progresses on the deregulation of Hippo pathway in the gastrointestinal tract including stomach and discuss the molecular consequences leading to tumorigenesis.