Nitrogen and phosphorus are the major nutrients to cause eutrophication to degrade water quality of the Miyun Reservoir, a very important drinking water source of Beijing, China, and they are mainly from non-point sou...Nitrogen and phosphorus are the major nutrients to cause eutrophication to degrade water quality of the Miyun Reservoir, a very important drinking water source of Beijing, China, and they are mainly from non-point sources. The watershed in Miyun County was selected as the study region with a total area of 1400 km\+2. Four typical monitoring catchments and two experimental units were used to monitor the precipitation, runoff, sediment yield and pollutant loading related to various land uses in the meantime. The results show that the total nutrient loss amounts of TN and TP are \{898.07\} t/a, and \{40.70\} t/a, respectively, in which nutrients N and P carried by runoff are \{91.3%\} and \{77.3%\}, respectively. There is relatively heavier soil erosion in the northern mountain area whereas the main nutrient loss occurs near the northeast edge of the reservoir. Different land uses would influence the loss amounts of non-point source pollutants. The amount of nutrient loss from the agricultural land per unit is highest, that from forestry comes next and that from grassland is lowest. However, due to the variability of land use areas, agricultural land contributes a lot to TP and forestry lands to TN.展开更多
The paper provides a systematical analysis of ecological restoration effects of natural secondary forest of closure area in Chao Guanxi Gou, Miyun County, Beijing. The results indicate that through more than twenty ye...The paper provides a systematical analysis of ecological restoration effects of natural secondary forest of closure area in Chao Guanxi Gou, Miyun County, Beijing. The results indicate that through more than twenty years of hillclosing afforestation since 1983, canopy closure has improved almost by 0.2; forest cover rate has raised from 7.2% to 93.8%; biodiversity, tree biomass and vegetation community have increased to a great extent. Compared with the average canopy closure before hillclosing afforestation in this area, it has improved to over 0.4 in average and increased by 0.10.2. The forest coverage degree has reached more than 90%. Consequently, the forest plays more important roles in intercepting precipitation, improving water storage capacity of soil, decreasing the surface runoff, and preventing soil and water loss.展开更多
A case study is introduced and discussed concerning water dispute of misuse and pollution between up\| and down\|stream parts. The relations between water usage and local industrial structures are analyzed. Results sh...A case study is introduced and discussed concerning water dispute of misuse and pollution between up\| and down\|stream parts. The relations between water usage and local industrial structures are analyzed. Results show it is important to change industrial structures of the target region along with controlling water pollution by technical and engineering methods. Three manners of upstream-downstream cooperation are presented and discussed based on the actual conditions of Guangting Reservoir watershed. Two typical scenarios are supposed and studied along with the local plan on water resources development. The best solution for this cooperation presents a good way to help the upstream developing in a new pattern of eco-economy.展开更多
本文利用SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tools)模型,在GIS技术和流域数字高程模型的支持下,对北京密云水库北部区域进行了流域非点源污染模拟研究,建立了一套适用于SWAT模型的研究区非点源污染基础信息库;根据2000—2002年的气象、水...本文利用SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tools)模型,在GIS技术和流域数字高程模型的支持下,对北京密云水库北部区域进行了流域非点源污染模拟研究,建立了一套适用于SWAT模型的研究区非点源污染基础信息库;根据2000—2002年的气象、水文、水质等监测数据,对研究区非点源污染负荷的时空变化进行模拟。结果表明,在空间尺度上,白河流域产流(占总流域的47.75%)、产沙(占总流域的53.65%)最大,但潮河水系含沙量(占总流域的62.55%)最大;单位面积氮磷流失量最高区域在潮河水系的东部丘陵区安达木河控制流域,其次为西部山地区的白河水系控制流域,流失量最低的区域出现在潮河水系中部冲积扇区主河道控制流域。在时间尺度上,8月份流量最大,占雨季总流量的51.48%;而硝态氮和矿物质磷在9月份输出最大,分别占雨季总输出83.64%和50.55%。不同土地利用类型非点源污染流失负荷不同,不同土地利用类型非点源污染流失负荷不同,耕地负荷贡献最大,其次是农村居民点,林地的污染负荷贡献最小。展开更多
近年来随着流域经济社会的快速发展,密云水库流域的土地利用格局也发生了明显的改变,作为影响流域非点源污染输出的主要因素,探讨土地利用格局的演变对非点源污染的影响对有效控制非点源污染具有重要的意义。该文以密云水库上游流域为...近年来随着流域经济社会的快速发展,密云水库流域的土地利用格局也发生了明显的改变,作为影响流域非点源污染输出的主要因素,探讨土地利用格局的演变对非点源污染的影响对有效控制非点源污染具有重要的意义。该文以密云水库上游流域为研究区,从土地利用变化与污染过程相互作用的角度出发,开展流域非点源污染过程对土地利用变化的响应研究。基于流域1995年、2000年、2005年3期的土地利用数据,基于SWAT(soil and water assessment tool)模型,模拟评价流域非点源污染负荷分布特征,并应用景观格局指数、典范对应分析(canonical correspondence analysis,CCA)和通径分析等方法,从全流域和三级保护区等多空间尺度,量化分析流域土地利用及其格局时空变化对非点源污染负荷的影响。研究结果表明流域的非点源负荷与土地利用格局间存在着密切的联系。格局指数能累积解释流域非点源污染负荷变化的56.3%。污染负荷受土地利用格局的破碎度和形状的影响较大。通径分析的结果表明,耕地、林地面积比例、形状指数和斑块密度是影响研究区非点源污染负荷输出的主要因子,其中形状指数和耕地面积比例对TN、TP负荷的解释能力要明显高于其他指标。从空间尺度上看,各格局因子与非点源污染负荷的关系具有尺度效应,随着空间尺度的递增,格局对负荷的解释程度降低,在较小的尺度范围内,尤其是一级保护区的解释能力最高,达到62.9%,表明离水库越近的区域应是非点源防治高度重视的区域。展开更多
文摘Nitrogen and phosphorus are the major nutrients to cause eutrophication to degrade water quality of the Miyun Reservoir, a very important drinking water source of Beijing, China, and they are mainly from non-point sources. The watershed in Miyun County was selected as the study region with a total area of 1400 km\+2. Four typical monitoring catchments and two experimental units were used to monitor the precipitation, runoff, sediment yield and pollutant loading related to various land uses in the meantime. The results show that the total nutrient loss amounts of TN and TP are \{898.07\} t/a, and \{40.70\} t/a, respectively, in which nutrients N and P carried by runoff are \{91.3%\} and \{77.3%\}, respectively. There is relatively heavier soil erosion in the northern mountain area whereas the main nutrient loss occurs near the northeast edge of the reservoir. Different land uses would influence the loss amounts of non-point source pollutants. The amount of nutrient loss from the agricultural land per unit is highest, that from forestry comes next and that from grassland is lowest. However, due to the variability of land use areas, agricultural land contributes a lot to TP and forestry lands to TN.
基金Supported by Tenth Five-Year Plan National Key Projects in Science and Technology (Grant No.2001BA510B02-02)
文摘The paper provides a systematical analysis of ecological restoration effects of natural secondary forest of closure area in Chao Guanxi Gou, Miyun County, Beijing. The results indicate that through more than twenty years of hillclosing afforestation since 1983, canopy closure has improved almost by 0.2; forest cover rate has raised from 7.2% to 93.8%; biodiversity, tree biomass and vegetation community have increased to a great extent. Compared with the average canopy closure before hillclosing afforestation in this area, it has improved to over 0.4 in average and increased by 0.10.2. The forest coverage degree has reached more than 90%. Consequently, the forest plays more important roles in intercepting precipitation, improving water storage capacity of soil, decreasing the surface runoff, and preventing soil and water loss.
文摘A case study is introduced and discussed concerning water dispute of misuse and pollution between up\| and down\|stream parts. The relations between water usage and local industrial structures are analyzed. Results show it is important to change industrial structures of the target region along with controlling water pollution by technical and engineering methods. Three manners of upstream-downstream cooperation are presented and discussed based on the actual conditions of Guangting Reservoir watershed. Two typical scenarios are supposed and studied along with the local plan on water resources development. The best solution for this cooperation presents a good way to help the upstream developing in a new pattern of eco-economy.
文摘本文利用SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tools)模型,在GIS技术和流域数字高程模型的支持下,对北京密云水库北部区域进行了流域非点源污染模拟研究,建立了一套适用于SWAT模型的研究区非点源污染基础信息库;根据2000—2002年的气象、水文、水质等监测数据,对研究区非点源污染负荷的时空变化进行模拟。结果表明,在空间尺度上,白河流域产流(占总流域的47.75%)、产沙(占总流域的53.65%)最大,但潮河水系含沙量(占总流域的62.55%)最大;单位面积氮磷流失量最高区域在潮河水系的东部丘陵区安达木河控制流域,其次为西部山地区的白河水系控制流域,流失量最低的区域出现在潮河水系中部冲积扇区主河道控制流域。在时间尺度上,8月份流量最大,占雨季总流量的51.48%;而硝态氮和矿物质磷在9月份输出最大,分别占雨季总输出83.64%和50.55%。不同土地利用类型非点源污染流失负荷不同,不同土地利用类型非点源污染流失负荷不同,耕地负荷贡献最大,其次是农村居民点,林地的污染负荷贡献最小。
文摘近年来随着流域经济社会的快速发展,密云水库流域的土地利用格局也发生了明显的改变,作为影响流域非点源污染输出的主要因素,探讨土地利用格局的演变对非点源污染的影响对有效控制非点源污染具有重要的意义。该文以密云水库上游流域为研究区,从土地利用变化与污染过程相互作用的角度出发,开展流域非点源污染过程对土地利用变化的响应研究。基于流域1995年、2000年、2005年3期的土地利用数据,基于SWAT(soil and water assessment tool)模型,模拟评价流域非点源污染负荷分布特征,并应用景观格局指数、典范对应分析(canonical correspondence analysis,CCA)和通径分析等方法,从全流域和三级保护区等多空间尺度,量化分析流域土地利用及其格局时空变化对非点源污染负荷的影响。研究结果表明流域的非点源负荷与土地利用格局间存在着密切的联系。格局指数能累积解释流域非点源污染负荷变化的56.3%。污染负荷受土地利用格局的破碎度和形状的影响较大。通径分析的结果表明,耕地、林地面积比例、形状指数和斑块密度是影响研究区非点源污染负荷输出的主要因子,其中形状指数和耕地面积比例对TN、TP负荷的解释能力要明显高于其他指标。从空间尺度上看,各格局因子与非点源污染负荷的关系具有尺度效应,随着空间尺度的递增,格局对负荷的解释程度降低,在较小的尺度范围内,尤其是一级保护区的解释能力最高,达到62.9%,表明离水库越近的区域应是非点源防治高度重视的区域。
