the arrival of the aging means being able to direct production value to reduce the proportion of people, the elderly population gradually become pure consumer groups, and the elderly because of its body function gradu...the arrival of the aging means being able to direct production value to reduce the proportion of people, the elderly population gradually become pure consumer groups, and the elderly because of its body function gradually blurred, risk is higher than that of other age members of society, medical consumption occupy a large proportion in the consumption structure. As the degree of aging, the country's medical expenses will be bigger, that is to say, in an aging society, may because the elderly medical consumption spending huge, and affect the sustainable development of society. And as countries deeper levels of population aging in our country, can very good deal with the impact of the aging of medical insurance fund, guarantee the sustainability of the medical insurance fund, also determines the sustainable and stable development of our country. Therefore, under the background of aging degree deeper, the development of the medical insurance fund is to seek new paths, to cope with increasing aging population is particularly important展开更多
Objective To explore the impact of population aging on the expenditures of medical insurance funds against the background that great changes in population structure influences economic development.Methods Through anal...Objective To explore the impact of population aging on the expenditures of medical insurance funds against the background that great changes in population structure influences economic development.Methods Through analyzing the impact of the population aging,the income and accumulated balance of the medical insurance fund,and other related factors on the expenditure of the medical insurance fund,development status of the medical insurance fund for urban employees in China since 2003 was obtained.Stata 16.0 was used to perform multiple linear regression analysis on related factors to determine the correlation between population aging and the change in medical insurance expenditures.Results and Conclusion The factors that have a greater impact on the expenditure of the medical insurance fund are the amount of income from the medical insurance,followed by the number of people over the age of 65 in China and the urban retired employees participating in medical insurance.We should focus on the sustainable development of the urban employee medical insurance fund to deal with the threat of aging.展开更多
Social health insurance is an important part of the social security system. It is the "stabilizer" of social and economic development and the "buffer" of reform. It is of great significance and function to the con...Social health insurance is an important part of the social security system. It is the "stabilizer" of social and economic development and the "buffer" of reform. It is of great significance and function to the construction of economic development, social progrcss and harmonious society. However, due to many factors, the operation of the social health insurance fund is facing greater risk. Although the balance is rich, but the general talk about the "balance", inevitably fall into the "too optimistic, ignore the risk" of the errors, the current basic medical insurance system, compared with working employees, retirement elderly people do not pay, personal accounts into more, The overall proportion of individual funds to pay lower policy concessions. Although there is a large amount of surplus in the annual health insurance fund, a large part of the balance is due to the relatively young age structure of the insured population and the low consumption of health insurance funds. With the increasing level of the aging of the insured population, the ratio of on-the-job and the backward is gradually reduced, the effect of these preferential policies will continue to enlarge, making the total fund expenditure increased significantly. Therefore, it is an important task to reform the basic medical insurance system in China to strengthen the research on risk control in the medical insurance fund of urban workers, to prevent and control the risks faced by the fund and to ensure the safety of the fund.展开更多
<b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Background</span></b><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">: Inappro...<b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Background</span></b><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">: Inappropriate use of medicines is a global concern with serious con</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">sequences related to prescribing, dispensing, and use. WHO estimate</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">d that 50% of medicines are not used correctly on their journey from the facility to home. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Objective</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">: To assess medicines use using WHO drug core indicators rega</span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">rding prescribing, patient, and facilities. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Setting</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">: Outpatients, Hea</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">lth centers in Wadmadani locality (Urban area) in Gezira State, Sudan. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Method</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">: A cross-sectional, prospective, analytical study was conducted in 30 health centers and 60 patients from each center were selected using a simple random sampling technique. WHO indicators form was used to collect data containing different variables. T-test at a level of confidence of 95% was used to test differences between indicators. Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) was used for data analysis. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> The main prescribing indicators were 2.5 ± 0.6 for drugs per encounter, 44.1% ± 14.2%. Generic 54 ± 18.0 antibiotics, 12.0% ± 9.3% injectable, and 95.2% ± 11.5% of drugs were prescribed according to the NHIF-EML. The main patient’s indicators were, 2.9 ± 0.8 minutes for consultation time, 99.5 ± 36.8 seconds for dispensing time, and 72.5% ± 16.0% for medicines actually dispensed, 49.0% ± 18.0% for medicines adequately labeled, and 22.5% ± 7.3% of the patient’s knowledge about the correct dose. The Facility specific indicators were 66.7% for the availability of a copy of EML, while the percentage of key drugs in the stock was 75.3% ± 11.6%. No statistically significant differences were found between direct and indirect facilities except in generic prescribing. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Main Outcome Measure</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">: <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">•</span></span> Interventions to improve Generic and antibiotics prescribing indicators. <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">•</span></span> The patient-to-physician ratio should be revised to optimize consultation time. <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">•</span></span> The availability of key drugs should be improved to make sure effective treatment. <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">•</span></span> The pharmacy cadre should be oriented and trained to improve patients’ compliance. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">: The study concluded that there was irrational use of medicines when investigated by WHO drug core indicators. So, the study recommended interventions to improve the rationale prescribing, dispensing, and use of medicines.</span></span>展开更多
文摘the arrival of the aging means being able to direct production value to reduce the proportion of people, the elderly population gradually become pure consumer groups, and the elderly because of its body function gradually blurred, risk is higher than that of other age members of society, medical consumption occupy a large proportion in the consumption structure. As the degree of aging, the country's medical expenses will be bigger, that is to say, in an aging society, may because the elderly medical consumption spending huge, and affect the sustainable development of society. And as countries deeper levels of population aging in our country, can very good deal with the impact of the aging of medical insurance fund, guarantee the sustainability of the medical insurance fund, also determines the sustainable and stable development of our country. Therefore, under the background of aging degree deeper, the development of the medical insurance fund is to seek new paths, to cope with increasing aging population is particularly important
文摘Objective To explore the impact of population aging on the expenditures of medical insurance funds against the background that great changes in population structure influences economic development.Methods Through analyzing the impact of the population aging,the income and accumulated balance of the medical insurance fund,and other related factors on the expenditure of the medical insurance fund,development status of the medical insurance fund for urban employees in China since 2003 was obtained.Stata 16.0 was used to perform multiple linear regression analysis on related factors to determine the correlation between population aging and the change in medical insurance expenditures.Results and Conclusion The factors that have a greater impact on the expenditure of the medical insurance fund are the amount of income from the medical insurance,followed by the number of people over the age of 65 in China and the urban retired employees participating in medical insurance.We should focus on the sustainable development of the urban employee medical insurance fund to deal with the threat of aging.
文摘Social health insurance is an important part of the social security system. It is the "stabilizer" of social and economic development and the "buffer" of reform. It is of great significance and function to the construction of economic development, social progrcss and harmonious society. However, due to many factors, the operation of the social health insurance fund is facing greater risk. Although the balance is rich, but the general talk about the "balance", inevitably fall into the "too optimistic, ignore the risk" of the errors, the current basic medical insurance system, compared with working employees, retirement elderly people do not pay, personal accounts into more, The overall proportion of individual funds to pay lower policy concessions. Although there is a large amount of surplus in the annual health insurance fund, a large part of the balance is due to the relatively young age structure of the insured population and the low consumption of health insurance funds. With the increasing level of the aging of the insured population, the ratio of on-the-job and the backward is gradually reduced, the effect of these preferential policies will continue to enlarge, making the total fund expenditure increased significantly. Therefore, it is an important task to reform the basic medical insurance system in China to strengthen the research on risk control in the medical insurance fund of urban workers, to prevent and control the risks faced by the fund and to ensure the safety of the fund.
文摘<b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Background</span></b><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">: Inappropriate use of medicines is a global concern with serious con</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">sequences related to prescribing, dispensing, and use. WHO estimate</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">d that 50% of medicines are not used correctly on their journey from the facility to home. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Objective</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">: To assess medicines use using WHO drug core indicators rega</span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">rding prescribing, patient, and facilities. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Setting</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">: Outpatients, Hea</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">lth centers in Wadmadani locality (Urban area) in Gezira State, Sudan. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Method</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">: A cross-sectional, prospective, analytical study was conducted in 30 health centers and 60 patients from each center were selected using a simple random sampling technique. WHO indicators form was used to collect data containing different variables. T-test at a level of confidence of 95% was used to test differences between indicators. Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) was used for data analysis. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> The main prescribing indicators were 2.5 ± 0.6 for drugs per encounter, 44.1% ± 14.2%. Generic 54 ± 18.0 antibiotics, 12.0% ± 9.3% injectable, and 95.2% ± 11.5% of drugs were prescribed according to the NHIF-EML. The main patient’s indicators were, 2.9 ± 0.8 minutes for consultation time, 99.5 ± 36.8 seconds for dispensing time, and 72.5% ± 16.0% for medicines actually dispensed, 49.0% ± 18.0% for medicines adequately labeled, and 22.5% ± 7.3% of the patient’s knowledge about the correct dose. The Facility specific indicators were 66.7% for the availability of a copy of EML, while the percentage of key drugs in the stock was 75.3% ± 11.6%. No statistically significant differences were found between direct and indirect facilities except in generic prescribing. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Main Outcome Measure</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">: <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">•</span></span> Interventions to improve Generic and antibiotics prescribing indicators. <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">•</span></span> The patient-to-physician ratio should be revised to optimize consultation time. <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">•</span></span> The availability of key drugs should be improved to make sure effective treatment. <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">•</span></span> The pharmacy cadre should be oriented and trained to improve patients’ compliance. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">: The study concluded that there was irrational use of medicines when investigated by WHO drug core indicators. So, the study recommended interventions to improve the rationale prescribing, dispensing, and use of medicines.</span></span>