Specialists can provide opinions regarding the city and land value based on their specialized field.Professionals in these fields are identified as urban planners and valuators,who play a crucial role in the current d...Specialists can provide opinions regarding the city and land value based on their specialized field.Professionals in these fields are identified as urban planners and valuators,who play a crucial role in the current dynamics of cities.They have a qualified opinion on city issues based on their professional practice in various areas of expertise.This opinion was obtained through the formulation and application of a questionnaire to specialists.Subsequently,the results were analyzed and graphically represented.In the discussion,several findings were found related to the relationship between land value and the urban densification policy established in the urban planning that governs the city of Tijuana,Baja California.The study investigated the behavior of the real estate market in the region and the establishment of a solid strategy toward densification.展开更多
College students are influenced by diverse cultures in the new era,thus their inner world is rich and changing rapidly.The acceleration of social rhythm can easily lead to different kinds of psychological problems.Men...College students are influenced by diverse cultures in the new era,thus their inner world is rich and changing rapidly.The acceleration of social rhythm can easily lead to different kinds of psychological problems.Mental health education is people-oriented,using scientific methods and means to train high-quality talents with all-round development across the world.A healthy psychological state can promote the sound development of students,make them establish correct core social values,and realize self-value.At present,there are some problems in university mental health education,such as single form and imperfect system.At the same time,college education plays an important role in the formation of ideas for college students’ideological values.As a front-line student worker,college counselors should cooperate with the school’s psychological departments to improve the college psychological education system,rationally plan the psychological teaching program,and pay attention to the college students’mental health education.The government should also take into account the need to ensure that the education system is not undermined by the lack of a comprehensive and effective education system.展开更多
Pseudodiaptomus dubia is a calanoid copepod abundant in the mariculture ponds of southern China. However, our understanding of the population dynamics of P . dubia in aquaculture ponds is limited. In this study, group...Pseudodiaptomus dubia is a calanoid copepod abundant in the mariculture ponds of southern China. However, our understanding of the population dynamics of P . dubia in aquaculture ponds is limited. In this study, groups of larval P . dubia were each fed a diff erent microalgal species, and the eff ects of these diff erent diets on development, survival, and reproduction were assessed. The fi ve microalgae used were species common in aquaculture farms in China, and included two chlorophytes ( Chlorella saccharophila and Platymonas subcordiformis ), one golden microalga ( Isochrysis zhanjiangensis ), and two diatoms ( Chaetoceros muelleri and Cyclotella meneghiniana ). Our results indicated that C . saccharophila was not a suitable food for larval P . dubia , as all larvae fed this microalga died at stage III (as copepodites). The survival rates of P . dubia larvae fed C . muelleri , I . zhanjiangensis , and P . subcordiformis were signifi cantly higher than that of larvae fed C . meneghiniana . In the adult stage, copepods fed C . muelleri , I . zhanjiangensis , and C . meneghiniana produced more nauplii (430-566 nauplii/female), had higher intrinsic growth rates (0.2- 0.253/d), and better longevity (59-60 days) than those fed P . subcordiformis . Our results therefore suggest that P . dubia has diff erent nutritional needs and food preferences at diff erent life stages. For example, P . subcordiformis was suitable for developing larvae but not for breeding adults, while C . meneghiniana was suitable for breeding adults but not for developing larvae. Both C . muelleri and I . zhanjiangensis were excellent foods for P . dubia throughout the entire life cycle.展开更多
The problem of "life and death" has been a confusing proposition of philosophy since long ago,for which philosophers both at home and abroad take great pains to pursue the answer.The problem of"life and...The problem of "life and death" has been a confusing proposition of philosophy since long ago,for which philosophers both at home and abroad take great pains to pursue the answer.The problem of"life and death"is also attractive for litterateurs.This paper attempts to scrutinize the works of Franz Kafka and based on comments of different critics,simply analyzing the theory of survival and the theory of death and exploring the aesthetic value.Through analysis,the author of this paper concludes that the theory of survival in the works of Kafka tends to express hating of not being favored by chances and the fright and anxiety of the time;on the contrary,the theory of death in his works tends to express worship and belief.Both life and death are expressed vividly in his works,showing the brave pursuit of senior artistic forms of Kafka and the essence of its aesthetic value.展开更多
Many landscape plants have edible,medicinal,forage,industrial and other economic value,which has not been fully exploited.Effective development and utilization of the economic value of city landscape plant,conforms to...Many landscape plants have edible,medicinal,forage,industrial and other economic value,which has not been fully exploited.Effective development and utilization of the economic value of city landscape plant,conforms to the need of sustainable development and economical society,which is of great significance to the development of urban ecological civilization construction. In this paper,the landscape plant species in Shijiazhuang City and their economic value are investigated and analyzed,the principle and scheme of economic development and utilization of landscape plants in Shijiazhuang city value are put forward,which provides the reference for full and sustainable utilization of landscape plant resources in Shijiazhuang City.展开更多
The green development of socialism with Chinese characteristics is a scientific and rational choice based on the development theory of Marxism,reflecting on historical practice and practicing the value pursuit of Comm...The green development of socialism with Chinese characteristics is a scientific and rational choice based on the development theory of Marxism,reflecting on historical practice and practicing the value pursuit of Communists.Comprehensive understanding and mastering the internal logic and value pursuit of the green development of socialism with Chinese characteristics for a new era is in favor of upholding and improving the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new situation,implementing the strictest ecological and environmental protection system,and unswervingly taking the path of innovation,coordination,green development,openness and sharing,and providing ideological powers and operational guidance for the construction of a Beautiful China and the modernization of harmonious coexistence between mankind and nature.展开更多
Aesthetic education not only exists in the classroom,but also in the urban living environment.The development of this environmental aesthetic education function is often accompanied by the development and change of ur...Aesthetic education not only exists in the classroom,but also in the urban living environment.The development of this environmental aesthetic education function is often accompanied by the development and change of urban landscape.Urban agricultural landscape is an organic part of modern urban landscape.It is different from machines or buildings in general urban production and life.Its local aesthetic value should be fully recognized and excavated.This is mainly reflected in the beauty of traditional agricultural skills,agricultural landscapes,and agricultural activities.At the same time,according to the different ways of interaction between people and the environment(ways of receiving aesthetic education),the development mode of vernacular aesthetic education of urban agricultural landscape can be divided into three:viewing mode,short-time contact,and long-time immersion.展开更多
With the goal of“carbon peaking and carbon neutralization”,it is an inevitable trend for investing smart grid to promote the large-scale grid connection of renewable energy.Smart grid investment has a significant dr...With the goal of“carbon peaking and carbon neutralization”,it is an inevitable trend for investing smart grid to promote the large-scale grid connection of renewable energy.Smart grid investment has a significant driving effect(derivative value),and evaluating this value can help to more accurately grasp the external effects of smart grid investment and support the realization of industrial linkage value with power grid investment as the core.Therefore,by analyzing the characterization of the derivative value of smart grid driven by investment,this paper constructs the evaluation index system of the derivative value of smart grid investment including 11 indicators.Then,the hybrid evaluation model of the derivative value of smart grid investment is developed based on anti-entropy weight(AEW),level based weight assessment(LBWA),and measurement alternatives and ranking according to the compromise solution(MARCOS)techniques.The results of case analysis show that for SG investment,the value of sustainable development can better reflect its derivative value,and when smart grid performs poorly in promoting renewable energy consumption,improving primary energy efficiency,and improving its own fault resistance,the driving force of its investment for future sustainable development will decline significantly,making the grid investment lack derivative value.In addition,smart grid investment needs to pay attention to the economy of investment,which is an important guarantee to ensure that the power grid has sufficient and stable sources of investment funds.Finally,compared with three comparison models,the proposed hybrid multi-criteria decision-making(MCDM)model can better improve the decision-making efficiency on the premise of ensuring robustness.展开更多
Three transgenic maize events(IE09S034,Shuangkang 12--5 and C0030.3.5)produced Cry1le,Cry1Ab/Cry2Aj and G10-EPSPS,Cry1Ab and EPSPS,respectively,all of which target the Asian corn borer.The oriental armyworm Mythimna s...Three transgenic maize events(IE09S034,Shuangkang 12--5 and C0030.3.5)produced Cry1le,Cry1Ab/Cry2Aj and G10-EPSPS,Cry1Ab and EPSPS,respectively,all of which target the Asian corn borer.The oriental armyworm Mythimna separata(Walker)is the secondary target.In this study,the effects of the three Bt maizes on the development and survival of armyworm were studied.The results showed that IE09S034 had insecticidal activity against 1st instar larvae,and the survival rate of armyworm fed with Bt maize for 10 days was 462%,significantly lower than that of the control.The larvae at 3rd--6th instar were more tolerant of the Bt toxin than the early instar larvae.However,Shuangkang 12-5 had good insecticidal activity against 1st-5th instar larvae.The mortality was nearly 100%when the larvae were fed with Shuangkang 12-5 before 3rd instar,and the toxin had quick acting eficacy.This event significantly ihibited the development of armyworm;that is,the larval duration of the 3rd and 4th instar larvae fed with Shuangkang 12-5 was prolonged by 4.5 and 3.0 days,respectively.The pupal weight and egg number were also significantly lower than those of the control.For C0030.3.5,it could control 1st--5th instar larvae effectively.The mortality rates were all over 50%if 1st-3rd larvae were fed with this event.The pupal weight of 4th-6th instar larvae fed with Bt maize were only 53.9,56.8 and 54.6%,respectively,compared to that of the control.The number of eggs laid was significantly less than the control.The results indicate that all three transgenic maize events exhibit the potential to provide effective control of early instar larvae of armyworm.which can be commercialized in future to control lepidoptera pests such as Asian corn borer and armyworm.展开更多
In the automotive industry, lean project</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Ver...In the automotive industry, lean project</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and innovation creation come to life by being updated under the control of systematic interdisciplinary process flows. The lean product development process that changes the shell, defined under the light of the variables created by the competitive conditions, is today measured by the value flow efficiency and the global market spread of the final product. Consequently, the lean product development approach, which aims to identify and purify all the wastes that do none value or create value to the system or cause burdens in the new product development process, is shaped by step-by-step approvals in the flow. In the main automotive industry company practices within the scope of the research (3 national, 3 international), the beginning of the concept of lean in design is to define and optimize the steps in the product development process under the value stream map. Therefore, the product function for which the customer has paid for, the function of the new product or the physical structure used to meet the needs in question, the comfort, life, experience, innovations of the scope that constitute the new product concept are planned and verified and implemented in the simplified automotive design stages at the beginning of the lean product development process. In this research, initial automotive design objectives and stages are at the focal point of the innovation and added value creation brought by the concept of </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">“</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">lean</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">”</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> approach. The research is modelled on the determination of steps that do not create added value together with the points where the flow circuits’ or stems, the process is devalued, the interdisciplinary holistic studies intensify, the information and delay begin and end in the sequential and simultaneous design validation step transition stages, which are examined under the lean approach. As a visual and virtual tool that enables the elaboration of nominal values such as the total duration of the design verification stages and the influence of interdisciplinary stakeholders or the test level of the product design with the new product added, it reveals the value flow or losses. Hence research;from innovation creation and new product design steps, which constitute the initial stages of the lean product development process, to design verification analysis, the efficiency of the automotive company processes within the scope of the research has been measured by comparing using lean automotive design techniques, methods and concepts.展开更多
Multilateral wells promise cost savings to oil and fields as they have the potential to reduce overall drilling distances and minimize the number of slots required for the surface facility managing the well.However,dr...Multilateral wells promise cost savings to oil and fields as they have the potential to reduce overall drilling distances and minimize the number of slots required for the surface facility managing the well.However,drilling a multilateral well does not always increase the flow rate when compared to two single-horizontal wells due to competition in production inside the mother-bore.Here,a holistic approach is proposed to find the optimum balance between single and multilateral wells in an offshore oil development.In so doing,the integrated approach finds the highest Net Present Value(NPV)configuration of the field considering drilling,subsurface,production and financial analysis.The model employs stochastic perturbation and Markov Chain Monte-Carlo methods to solve the global maximising-NPV problem.In addition,a combination of Mixed-Integer Linear Programming(MILP),an improved Dijkstra algorithm and a Levenberg-Marquardt optimiser is proposed to solve the rate allocation problem.With the outcome from this analysis,the model suggests the optimum development including number of multilateral and single horizontal wells that would result in the highest NPV.The results demonstrate the potential for modelling to find the optimal use of petroleum facilities and to assist with planning and decision making.展开更多
As a special social text,advertisement language is in a constantly developing state;it records the development of social value in its unique way.Since the Great Cultural Revolution,the contemporary Chinese advertiseme...As a special social text,advertisement language is in a constantly developing state;it records the development of social value in its unique way.Since the Great Cultural Revolution,the contemporary Chinese advertisement language has been experienced courses from community to individuality,from morality and justice orientation to benefit orientation,and even from unification which presents the socialism's view of value to multiplication which contains the values of capitalism,market economy,feudalism and so on.The development of Chinese views of value impacts the development of Chinese advertisement languages.It can be also seen the development of values are reflected by the development of advertisement languages.展开更多
This paper describes a control theoretical model of collaborative value development. This model is designed to assist managers in choosing parameters that are critical to the development process in service design and ...This paper describes a control theoretical model of collaborative value development. This model is designed to assist managers in choosing parameters that are critical to the development process in service design and support their Business Model. This methodology uses control system modelling of web-based service value generation implemented in SIMULINK/MATLAB. An application based on public domain Wikipedia data is used to validate and develop the model. A control theoretic model applied to the creation of Wikipedia articles shows very good agreement with Wikipedia published data for the time dependent growth in articles produced, and editors used, well within the variability of parametric data listed publically justifying the principle equations used in the model. This development and fine tuning of the model has been limited by the publically available data. To obtain a more accurate model in this area would need the co-operation of web service organisations to reveal confidential data. This modelling procedure can produce a decision support process for service design and could, with modification be applied much more widely to other choices in service design/implementation, even allowing for user contribution to be evaluated. This work shows how subjective judgements on value and other intangibles need to be continually re-evaluated. Such methodology has not been applied elsewhere to value generation applications. It could be used to rank contributions from co-creators for reward sharing.展开更多
Supply and demand of public goods provide a brand-new theoretical framework for research on the creation of inclusive global value chains(GVCs)under the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI).The supply of international public...Supply and demand of public goods provide a brand-new theoretical framework for research on the creation of inclusive global value chains(GVCs)under the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI).The supply of international public goods is an important positive variable for creating global value chains under the BRI,in which China and other developing countries involved,as well as their small and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs),are microscopic entities.When the BRI’s supply of instrumental,institutional,and conceptual international public goods is in equilibrium with the demand of GVC entities for public goods,the BRI creates necessary conditions for the extension of GVCs.GVCs created under the BRI are of great value in promoting inclusiveness,fair income distribution,balanced regional development,and the restructuring of international economic governance.Under the current GVC system,some developed countries have been wary about the BRI and even developed misgivings and biases.Nevertheless,developed countries may play an active role in bridging gaps in the BRI’s development and complement their respective strengths with developing countries for win-win cooperation.展开更多
With increasing demand in China for the mitten crab larvae, understanding its survival mechanism gets more important. This research focused on the effects of temperature and Ca 2+ on the larval growth and development....With increasing demand in China for the mitten crab larvae, understanding its survival mechanism gets more important. This research focused on the effects of temperature and Ca 2+ on the larval growth and development. Eriocheir sinensis larvae were reared in laboratory under 21 different combinations of temperature (15, 20, 25℃) and Ca 2+ content (120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 180 mg/l) and constant salinity (20) and pH (8). The results suggested that the survival rate increases with temperature and Ca 2+ content. These combinations of temperature and Ca 2+ content maximized survival rate in our study and it may be the optimum water environmental conditions for culturing the larvae. To predict surviving larvae number under different water environmental conditions, 21 dynamic mathematical models were developed. This for the first time observation of the zoeal Ⅵ larvae of the Changjiang River E. sinensis population showed that they occurred under stressed water environmental conditions: temperature of 15℃ and Ca 2+ content of 120,130 mg/l.展开更多
The legislative disclosure system is one of the important parts of the amendment of the Legislation Law in 2015. This shows that the role of the legislative disclosure system in improving the quality of legislation is...The legislative disclosure system is one of the important parts of the amendment of the Legislation Law in 2015. This shows that the role of the legislative disclosure system in improving the quality of legislation is catching more and more attention. Apart from the Legislation Law, local regulations of provinces and municipalities have also made a positive contribution to the perfection of the legislative disclosure system, leading the Legislation Law in many specific processes and specific measures, and playing the role of legislative exploration and experimentation. To summarize the new development of the legislative disclosure system on the part of the Legislation Law and local legislative practice is of important theoretical and practical value for promoting the continued maturity and improvement of this important legislative system.展开更多
Pigments play an essential role in imparting colors to the various organs of invertebrates particularly,insects.Genetic evolution and adaptive pigmentation of invertebrates have been studied which depicted that ...Pigments play an essential role in imparting colors to the various organs of invertebrates particularly,insects.Genetic evolution and adaptive pigmentation of invertebrates have been studied which depicted that insect colors respond to the climatic changes.The physical,chemical and structural properties of insect pigments are being studied by researchers for years to elucidate their evolutionary aspects of physiology,metabolism,and economic importance for human welfare.Color development in insects varies within the species of different genera.In this state-of-the-art literature review,we discuss the variety of pigments other than visual ones found in different species of insects.The review also highlights the potential benefits or functions of pigments to insects.展开更多
文摘Specialists can provide opinions regarding the city and land value based on their specialized field.Professionals in these fields are identified as urban planners and valuators,who play a crucial role in the current dynamics of cities.They have a qualified opinion on city issues based on their professional practice in various areas of expertise.This opinion was obtained through the formulation and application of a questionnaire to specialists.Subsequently,the results were analyzed and graphically represented.In the discussion,several findings were found related to the relationship between land value and the urban densification policy established in the urban planning that governs the city of Tijuana,Baja California.The study investigated the behavior of the real estate market in the region and the establishment of a solid strategy toward densification.
文摘College students are influenced by diverse cultures in the new era,thus their inner world is rich and changing rapidly.The acceleration of social rhythm can easily lead to different kinds of psychological problems.Mental health education is people-oriented,using scientific methods and means to train high-quality talents with all-round development across the world.A healthy psychological state can promote the sound development of students,make them establish correct core social values,and realize self-value.At present,there are some problems in university mental health education,such as single form and imperfect system.At the same time,college education plays an important role in the formation of ideas for college students’ideological values.As a front-line student worker,college counselors should cooperate with the school’s psychological departments to improve the college psychological education system,rationally plan the psychological teaching program,and pay attention to the college students’mental health education.The government should also take into account the need to ensure that the education system is not undermined by the lack of a comprehensive and effective education system.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,China(No.2018A030313212)the Marine Fishery Technology and Industry Development of Guangdong Province,China(No.A201508B08)
文摘Pseudodiaptomus dubia is a calanoid copepod abundant in the mariculture ponds of southern China. However, our understanding of the population dynamics of P . dubia in aquaculture ponds is limited. In this study, groups of larval P . dubia were each fed a diff erent microalgal species, and the eff ects of these diff erent diets on development, survival, and reproduction were assessed. The fi ve microalgae used were species common in aquaculture farms in China, and included two chlorophytes ( Chlorella saccharophila and Platymonas subcordiformis ), one golden microalga ( Isochrysis zhanjiangensis ), and two diatoms ( Chaetoceros muelleri and Cyclotella meneghiniana ). Our results indicated that C . saccharophila was not a suitable food for larval P . dubia , as all larvae fed this microalga died at stage III (as copepodites). The survival rates of P . dubia larvae fed C . muelleri , I . zhanjiangensis , and P . subcordiformis were signifi cantly higher than that of larvae fed C . meneghiniana . In the adult stage, copepods fed C . muelleri , I . zhanjiangensis , and C . meneghiniana produced more nauplii (430-566 nauplii/female), had higher intrinsic growth rates (0.2- 0.253/d), and better longevity (59-60 days) than those fed P . subcordiformis . Our results therefore suggest that P . dubia has diff erent nutritional needs and food preferences at diff erent life stages. For example, P . subcordiformis was suitable for developing larvae but not for breeding adults, while C . meneghiniana was suitable for breeding adults but not for developing larvae. Both C . muelleri and I . zhanjiangensis were excellent foods for P . dubia throughout the entire life cycle.
文摘The problem of "life and death" has been a confusing proposition of philosophy since long ago,for which philosophers both at home and abroad take great pains to pursue the answer.The problem of"life and death"is also attractive for litterateurs.This paper attempts to scrutinize the works of Franz Kafka and based on comments of different critics,simply analyzing the theory of survival and the theory of death and exploring the aesthetic value.Through analysis,the author of this paper concludes that the theory of survival in the works of Kafka tends to express hating of not being favored by chances and the fright and anxiety of the time;on the contrary,the theory of death in his works tends to express worship and belief.Both life and death are expressed vividly in his works,showing the brave pursuit of senior artistic forms of Kafka and the essence of its aesthetic value.
基金Supported by Funds for the Development of Key Disciplines in Hebei UniversitiesUniversity-level Platform Research Project of Shijiazhuang University in 2013(XJPT011)
文摘Many landscape plants have edible,medicinal,forage,industrial and other economic value,which has not been fully exploited.Effective development and utilization of the economic value of city landscape plant,conforms to the need of sustainable development and economical society,which is of great significance to the development of urban ecological civilization construction. In this paper,the landscape plant species in Shijiazhuang City and their economic value are investigated and analyzed,the principle and scheme of economic development and utilization of landscape plants in Shijiazhuang city value are put forward,which provides the reference for full and sustainable utilization of landscape plant resources in Shijiazhuang City.
文摘The green development of socialism with Chinese characteristics is a scientific and rational choice based on the development theory of Marxism,reflecting on historical practice and practicing the value pursuit of Communists.Comprehensive understanding and mastering the internal logic and value pursuit of the green development of socialism with Chinese characteristics for a new era is in favor of upholding and improving the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new situation,implementing the strictest ecological and environmental protection system,and unswervingly taking the path of innovation,coordination,green development,openness and sharing,and providing ideological powers and operational guidance for the construction of a Beautiful China and the modernization of harmonious coexistence between mankind and nature.
基金The 2021 Project of Aesthetics and Aesthetic Education Research Center of Sichuan Key Research Base of Social Sciences,“Study on the Development of Urban Agricultural Landscape Resources from the Perspective of Vernacular Aesthetic Education”(Project Number:21C032).
文摘Aesthetic education not only exists in the classroom,but also in the urban living environment.The development of this environmental aesthetic education function is often accompanied by the development and change of urban landscape.Urban agricultural landscape is an organic part of modern urban landscape.It is different from machines or buildings in general urban production and life.Its local aesthetic value should be fully recognized and excavated.This is mainly reflected in the beauty of traditional agricultural skills,agricultural landscapes,and agricultural activities.At the same time,according to the different ways of interaction between people and the environment(ways of receiving aesthetic education),the development mode of vernacular aesthetic education of urban agricultural landscape can be divided into three:viewing mode,short-time contact,and long-time immersion.
文摘With the goal of“carbon peaking and carbon neutralization”,it is an inevitable trend for investing smart grid to promote the large-scale grid connection of renewable energy.Smart grid investment has a significant driving effect(derivative value),and evaluating this value can help to more accurately grasp the external effects of smart grid investment and support the realization of industrial linkage value with power grid investment as the core.Therefore,by analyzing the characterization of the derivative value of smart grid driven by investment,this paper constructs the evaluation index system of the derivative value of smart grid investment including 11 indicators.Then,the hybrid evaluation model of the derivative value of smart grid investment is developed based on anti-entropy weight(AEW),level based weight assessment(LBWA),and measurement alternatives and ranking according to the compromise solution(MARCOS)techniques.The results of case analysis show that for SG investment,the value of sustainable development can better reflect its derivative value,and when smart grid performs poorly in promoting renewable energy consumption,improving primary energy efficiency,and improving its own fault resistance,the driving force of its investment for future sustainable development will decline significantly,making the grid investment lack derivative value.In addition,smart grid investment needs to pay attention to the economy of investment,which is an important guarantee to ensure that the power grid has sufficient and stable sources of investment funds.Finally,compared with three comparison models,the proposed hybrid multi-criteria decision-making(MCDM)model can better improve the decision-making efficiency on the premise of ensuring robustness.
基金We thank Dr.Jeannie McDonald(Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Department,Cornell University,NY,USA)very much for herlcontribution to the manuscript revision.This research was supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project,China(2016ZX08012-004-010)the Key Research and Development Project of Jiangsu Province,China(BE2017379-3).
文摘Three transgenic maize events(IE09S034,Shuangkang 12--5 and C0030.3.5)produced Cry1le,Cry1Ab/Cry2Aj and G10-EPSPS,Cry1Ab and EPSPS,respectively,all of which target the Asian corn borer.The oriental armyworm Mythimna separata(Walker)is the secondary target.In this study,the effects of the three Bt maizes on the development and survival of armyworm were studied.The results showed that IE09S034 had insecticidal activity against 1st instar larvae,and the survival rate of armyworm fed with Bt maize for 10 days was 462%,significantly lower than that of the control.The larvae at 3rd--6th instar were more tolerant of the Bt toxin than the early instar larvae.However,Shuangkang 12-5 had good insecticidal activity against 1st-5th instar larvae.The mortality was nearly 100%when the larvae were fed with Shuangkang 12-5 before 3rd instar,and the toxin had quick acting eficacy.This event significantly ihibited the development of armyworm;that is,the larval duration of the 3rd and 4th instar larvae fed with Shuangkang 12-5 was prolonged by 4.5 and 3.0 days,respectively.The pupal weight and egg number were also significantly lower than those of the control.For C0030.3.5,it could control 1st--5th instar larvae effectively.The mortality rates were all over 50%if 1st-3rd larvae were fed with this event.The pupal weight of 4th-6th instar larvae fed with Bt maize were only 53.9,56.8 and 54.6%,respectively,compared to that of the control.The number of eggs laid was significantly less than the control.The results indicate that all three transgenic maize events exhibit the potential to provide effective control of early instar larvae of armyworm.which can be commercialized in future to control lepidoptera pests such as Asian corn borer and armyworm.
文摘In the automotive industry, lean project</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and innovation creation come to life by being updated under the control of systematic interdisciplinary process flows. The lean product development process that changes the shell, defined under the light of the variables created by the competitive conditions, is today measured by the value flow efficiency and the global market spread of the final product. Consequently, the lean product development approach, which aims to identify and purify all the wastes that do none value or create value to the system or cause burdens in the new product development process, is shaped by step-by-step approvals in the flow. In the main automotive industry company practices within the scope of the research (3 national, 3 international), the beginning of the concept of lean in design is to define and optimize the steps in the product development process under the value stream map. Therefore, the product function for which the customer has paid for, the function of the new product or the physical structure used to meet the needs in question, the comfort, life, experience, innovations of the scope that constitute the new product concept are planned and verified and implemented in the simplified automotive design stages at the beginning of the lean product development process. In this research, initial automotive design objectives and stages are at the focal point of the innovation and added value creation brought by the concept of </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">“</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">lean</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">”</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> approach. The research is modelled on the determination of steps that do not create added value together with the points where the flow circuits’ or stems, the process is devalued, the interdisciplinary holistic studies intensify, the information and delay begin and end in the sequential and simultaneous design validation step transition stages, which are examined under the lean approach. As a visual and virtual tool that enables the elaboration of nominal values such as the total duration of the design verification stages and the influence of interdisciplinary stakeholders or the test level of the product design with the new product added, it reveals the value flow or losses. Hence research;from innovation creation and new product design steps, which constitute the initial stages of the lean product development process, to design verification analysis, the efficiency of the automotive company processes within the scope of the research has been measured by comparing using lean automotive design techniques, methods and concepts.
文摘Multilateral wells promise cost savings to oil and fields as they have the potential to reduce overall drilling distances and minimize the number of slots required for the surface facility managing the well.However,drilling a multilateral well does not always increase the flow rate when compared to two single-horizontal wells due to competition in production inside the mother-bore.Here,a holistic approach is proposed to find the optimum balance between single and multilateral wells in an offshore oil development.In so doing,the integrated approach finds the highest Net Present Value(NPV)configuration of the field considering drilling,subsurface,production and financial analysis.The model employs stochastic perturbation and Markov Chain Monte-Carlo methods to solve the global maximising-NPV problem.In addition,a combination of Mixed-Integer Linear Programming(MILP),an improved Dijkstra algorithm and a Levenberg-Marquardt optimiser is proposed to solve the rate allocation problem.With the outcome from this analysis,the model suggests the optimum development including number of multilateral and single horizontal wells that would result in the highest NPV.The results demonstrate the potential for modelling to find the optimal use of petroleum facilities and to assist with planning and decision making.
文摘As a special social text,advertisement language is in a constantly developing state;it records the development of social value in its unique way.Since the Great Cultural Revolution,the contemporary Chinese advertisement language has been experienced courses from community to individuality,from morality and justice orientation to benefit orientation,and even from unification which presents the socialism's view of value to multiplication which contains the values of capitalism,market economy,feudalism and so on.The development of Chinese views of value impacts the development of Chinese advertisement languages.It can be also seen the development of values are reflected by the development of advertisement languages.
基金Acknowledgments We thank X Wu (Fudan University) for LckCre mouse and K Wong (Dana-Farber Cancer Institute) for LKB1 mouse, R Bosselut (National Institutes of Health) and D Li (Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences) for instructive comments on the manuscript We are grateful to our colleagues F Liu for animal husbandry, W Bian for cell sorting and X Wang for real-time PCR analysis. This research was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30872290, 30925031), the Ministry of Science and Technology (2006CB504303, 2007CB815802, 2009ZX 10004-105), the Hi-Tech Research and Development Program of China (2007AA02Z167), the National Basic Research Program of China (2007CB914504) and the Chinese Academy of Sciences (KSCX 1-YW-R-43, KSCX2-YW-R-10).
文摘This paper describes a control theoretical model of collaborative value development. This model is designed to assist managers in choosing parameters that are critical to the development process in service design and support their Business Model. This methodology uses control system modelling of web-based service value generation implemented in SIMULINK/MATLAB. An application based on public domain Wikipedia data is used to validate and develop the model. A control theoretic model applied to the creation of Wikipedia articles shows very good agreement with Wikipedia published data for the time dependent growth in articles produced, and editors used, well within the variability of parametric data listed publically justifying the principle equations used in the model. This development and fine tuning of the model has been limited by the publically available data. To obtain a more accurate model in this area would need the co-operation of web service organisations to reveal confidential data. This modelling procedure can produce a decision support process for service design and could, with modification be applied much more widely to other choices in service design/implementation, even allowing for user contribution to be evaluated. This work shows how subjective judgements on value and other intangibles need to be continually re-evaluated. Such methodology has not been applied elsewhere to value generation applications. It could be used to rank contributions from co-creators for reward sharing.
文摘Supply and demand of public goods provide a brand-new theoretical framework for research on the creation of inclusive global value chains(GVCs)under the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI).The supply of international public goods is an important positive variable for creating global value chains under the BRI,in which China and other developing countries involved,as well as their small and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs),are microscopic entities.When the BRI’s supply of instrumental,institutional,and conceptual international public goods is in equilibrium with the demand of GVC entities for public goods,the BRI creates necessary conditions for the extension of GVCs.GVCs created under the BRI are of great value in promoting inclusiveness,fair income distribution,balanced regional development,and the restructuring of international economic governance.Under the current GVC system,some developed countries have been wary about the BRI and even developed misgivings and biases.Nevertheless,developed countries may play an active role in bridging gaps in the BRI’s development and complement their respective strengths with developing countries for win-win cooperation.
文摘With increasing demand in China for the mitten crab larvae, understanding its survival mechanism gets more important. This research focused on the effects of temperature and Ca 2+ on the larval growth and development. Eriocheir sinensis larvae were reared in laboratory under 21 different combinations of temperature (15, 20, 25℃) and Ca 2+ content (120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 180 mg/l) and constant salinity (20) and pH (8). The results suggested that the survival rate increases with temperature and Ca 2+ content. These combinations of temperature and Ca 2+ content maximized survival rate in our study and it may be the optimum water environmental conditions for culturing the larvae. To predict surviving larvae number under different water environmental conditions, 21 dynamic mathematical models were developed. This for the first time observation of the zoeal Ⅵ larvae of the Changjiang River E. sinensis population showed that they occurred under stressed water environmental conditions: temperature of 15℃ and Ca 2+ content of 120,130 mg/l.
文摘The legislative disclosure system is one of the important parts of the amendment of the Legislation Law in 2015. This shows that the role of the legislative disclosure system in improving the quality of legislation is catching more and more attention. Apart from the Legislation Law, local regulations of provinces and municipalities have also made a positive contribution to the perfection of the legislative disclosure system, leading the Legislation Law in many specific processes and specific measures, and playing the role of legislative exploration and experimentation. To summarize the new development of the legislative disclosure system on the part of the Legislation Law and local legislative practice is of important theoretical and practical value for promoting the continued maturity and improvement of this important legislative system.
文摘Pigments play an essential role in imparting colors to the various organs of invertebrates particularly,insects.Genetic evolution and adaptive pigmentation of invertebrates have been studied which depicted that insect colors respond to the climatic changes.The physical,chemical and structural properties of insect pigments are being studied by researchers for years to elucidate their evolutionary aspects of physiology,metabolism,and economic importance for human welfare.Color development in insects varies within the species of different genera.In this state-of-the-art literature review,we discuss the variety of pigments other than visual ones found in different species of insects.The review also highlights the potential benefits or functions of pigments to insects.