Xi’s historical view is a scientific theoretical system with a tight logical structure.The construction of this theoretical system follows the principles and methods of the construction of Marxist theoretical system....Xi’s historical view is a scientific theoretical system with a tight logical structure.The construction of this theoretical system follows the principles and methods of the construction of Marxist theoretical system.The theoretical features of Xi’s view of history are unity of theory and practice,unity of politics and science,unity of universality and nationality,unity of collective wisdom and individual wisdom,unity of dialectical thinking and historical thinking,and unity of history,reality,and future.展开更多
Since Ko Kung-chen published History of Chinese Journalism with Shanghai Commercial Press in 1927,this work had been published by different publishing houses and reprinted many times amounting to 18 editions.There are...Since Ko Kung-chen published History of Chinese Journalism with Shanghai Commercial Press in 1927,this work had been published by different publishing houses and reprinted many times amounting to 18 editions.There are many historical narrative and fact errors of alien press in this work,and up to date these errors are not revised.This essay aims to revise the omitted errors of alien press in History of Chinese Journalism systematically besides those corrected by other works or essays,and carry on the statistical analysis of the errors to probe new approach for the study of alien periodicals and press in China.展开更多
The modern and contemporary history of China is the history of exploration,struggle,entrepreneurship,and development of the“Chinese Dream”for the realization of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation by people...The modern and contemporary history of China is the history of exploration,struggle,entrepreneurship,and development of the“Chinese Dream”for the realization of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation by people of all ethnic groups.It contains rich cultural heritage,ideological nutrition and spiritual treasures.These main melody spirits are reflected in the fine arts programs of the mainstream media.They are valuable resources for colleges and universities to innovate the“Outline of Modern and Contemporary History of China”education and teaching,and are worthy of effective development and use by teachers.Teachers should introduce music elements into the classroom in accordance with the time sequence of historical development,and make full use of mainstream media’s excellent programs,taking the hard work and tortuous exploration of Chinese people for nearly 200 years as the context,the history of art and the art of history comprehensively show the great creation of the Chinese people,and answer“Four Choices”and“Four Self-confidences”in a pleasant way.展开更多
BACKGROUND Healthcare professionals need to be prepared to promote healthy lifestyles and care for patients.By focusing on what students should be able to perform one day as clinicians,we can bridge the gap between me...BACKGROUND Healthcare professionals need to be prepared to promote healthy lifestyles and care for patients.By focusing on what students should be able to perform one day as clinicians,we can bridge the gap between mere theoretical knowledge and its practical application.Gender aspects in clinical medicine also have to be considered when speaking of personalized medicine and learning curricula.AIM To determine sets of intellectual,personal,social,and emotional abilities that comprise core qualifications in medicine for performing well in anamnesis-taking,in order to identify training needs.METHODS An analysis of training clinicians’conceptions with respect to optimal medical history taking was performed.The chosen study design also aimed to assess gender effects.Structured interviews with supervising clinicians were carried out in a descriptive study at the Medical University of Vienna.Results were analyzed by conducting a qualitative computer-assisted content analysis of the interviews.Inductive category formation was applied.The main questions posed to the supervisors dealt with(1)Observed competencies of students in medical history taking;and(2)The supervisor’s own conceptions of"ideal medical history taking".RESULTS A total of 33 training clinicians(n=33),engaged in supervising medical students according to the MedUni Vienna’s curriculum standards,agreed to be enrolled in the study and met inclusion criteria.The qualitative content analysis revealed the following themes relevant to taking an anamnesis:(1)Knowledge;(2)Soft skills(relationship-building abilities,trust,and attitude);(3)Methodical skills(structuring,precision,and completeness of information gathering);and(4)Environmental/contextual factors(language barrier,time pressure,interruptions).Overall,health care professionals consider empathy and attitude as critical features concerning the quality of medical history taking.When looking at physicians’theoretical conceptions,more general practitioners and psychiatrists mentioned attitude and empathy in the context of"ideal medical history taking",with a higher percentage of females.With respect to observations of students’history taking,a positive impact from attitude and empathy was mainly described by male health care professionals,whereas no predominance of specialty was found.Representatives of general medicine and internal medicine,when observing medical students,more often emphasized a negative impact on history taking when students lacked attitude or showed non-empathetic behavior;no gender-specific difference was detected for this finding.CONCLUSION The analysis reveals that for clinicians engaged in medical student education,only a combination of skills,including adequate knowledge and methodical implementations,is supposed to guarantee acceptable performance.This study’s findings support the importance of concepts like relationship building,attitude,and empathy.However,there may be contextual factors in play as well,and transference of theoretical concepts into the clinical setting might prove challenging.展开更多
Karl Marx’s insightful critique of bourgeois rights,represented in the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen adopted by France,can be attributed to the short-term and longterm perspectives he adopted su...Karl Marx’s insightful critique of bourgeois rights,represented in the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen adopted by France,can be attributed to the short-term and longterm perspectives he adopted successively in his research.By reading works such as History of France in the Revolutionary Era and History of the French Revolutionary Parliament,Marx was able to examine the original intentions of the legislators in the period of the French Revolution.This short-term examination was the most intuitive and logical approach to studying the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen,in which Marx focused on the research of the period of the French National Convention and its idea on property rights.The enigmatic political-legal facts that emerged in 1793 during the French Revolution,along with other incidents,presented an opportunity for Marx to turn to long-term rights surveys.In this context,Marx gradually shifted his attention from the legislators who were the shining protagonists of the“grand political historical drama”to the underlying forces that worked behind them,and in doing so understood how the two major achievements of the French Revolution provided an explanation for the historicity of the phenomenon of rights.Marx’s longterm rights surveys from the perspective of historical materialism were directly inspired by the Kreuznach Notes as well as famous scholars including Francois Guizot,Augustin Thierry,and Henri Saint-Simon.展开更多
This work starts from a brief chronological exposition about the emergence and evolution of magazines in Brazil as a means of communication and its subsequent segmentation until arriving at the specialized magazines.A...This work starts from a brief chronological exposition about the emergence and evolution of magazines in Brazil as a means of communication and its subsequent segmentation until arriving at the specialized magazines.An overview of the constitution of the press will be drawn up,with the aim of understanding the historical context of the first periodicals,evolution and maturation until the 1960s and 1970s,which are the historical focus of this article,also considering the magazine Intervalo our object of study,which existed between 1962 and 1973.In Brazil,Editora Abril has marked the evolution of the Brazilian printed media and,to this day,is active with periodicals recognized nationally and internationally.Despite of the historical retrospective,our focus will be on the magazine Intervalo.At this point,it is necessary to emphasize that the history of the weekly has been lost over the years and,after a deep research,we verified the inexistence of a systematized references on the history or editorial characteristics of the publication.It is important to highlight that the magazine’s chronology was rescued by analyzing the digital archive and conducting interviews with journalists and former employees of Editora Abril and Intervalo.We are interested in not only rescuing its history,but also presenting its characteristics,formats,contents,editorial team,writing routine,its importance within the historical context and its contribution to the construction of the media scene of that time.The methodologies used were:bibliographic research,documentary analysis and interviews based on Oral History methodology,proposed by Paul Thompson(1992).展开更多
文摘Xi’s historical view is a scientific theoretical system with a tight logical structure.The construction of this theoretical system follows the principles and methods of the construction of Marxist theoretical system.The theoretical features of Xi’s view of history are unity of theory and practice,unity of politics and science,unity of universality and nationality,unity of collective wisdom and individual wisdom,unity of dialectical thinking and historical thinking,and unity of history,reality,and future.
文摘Since Ko Kung-chen published History of Chinese Journalism with Shanghai Commercial Press in 1927,this work had been published by different publishing houses and reprinted many times amounting to 18 editions.There are many historical narrative and fact errors of alien press in this work,and up to date these errors are not revised.This essay aims to revise the omitted errors of alien press in History of Chinese Journalism systematically besides those corrected by other works or essays,and carry on the statistical analysis of the errors to probe new approach for the study of alien periodicals and press in China.
基金The phased achievements of the 2019 Shanghai School Art Research Project——“Study on the Collaborative Education of Music Education and Ideological and Political Education”(Project No.:HJYS-2019-A02)the 2018 Ministry of Education Demonstrate Marxist College and the Excellent Teaching and Research Team Construction Project——“Study of the Early Marxists’Understanding and Application of Chinese Excellent Traditional Culture”(Project No.:18JDSZK075).
文摘The modern and contemporary history of China is the history of exploration,struggle,entrepreneurship,and development of the“Chinese Dream”for the realization of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation by people of all ethnic groups.It contains rich cultural heritage,ideological nutrition and spiritual treasures.These main melody spirits are reflected in the fine arts programs of the mainstream media.They are valuable resources for colleges and universities to innovate the“Outline of Modern and Contemporary History of China”education and teaching,and are worthy of effective development and use by teachers.Teachers should introduce music elements into the classroom in accordance with the time sequence of historical development,and make full use of mainstream media’s excellent programs,taking the hard work and tortuous exploration of Chinese people for nearly 200 years as the context,the history of art and the art of history comprehensively show the great creation of the Chinese people,and answer“Four Choices”and“Four Self-confidences”in a pleasant way.
文摘BACKGROUND Healthcare professionals need to be prepared to promote healthy lifestyles and care for patients.By focusing on what students should be able to perform one day as clinicians,we can bridge the gap between mere theoretical knowledge and its practical application.Gender aspects in clinical medicine also have to be considered when speaking of personalized medicine and learning curricula.AIM To determine sets of intellectual,personal,social,and emotional abilities that comprise core qualifications in medicine for performing well in anamnesis-taking,in order to identify training needs.METHODS An analysis of training clinicians’conceptions with respect to optimal medical history taking was performed.The chosen study design also aimed to assess gender effects.Structured interviews with supervising clinicians were carried out in a descriptive study at the Medical University of Vienna.Results were analyzed by conducting a qualitative computer-assisted content analysis of the interviews.Inductive category formation was applied.The main questions posed to the supervisors dealt with(1)Observed competencies of students in medical history taking;and(2)The supervisor’s own conceptions of"ideal medical history taking".RESULTS A total of 33 training clinicians(n=33),engaged in supervising medical students according to the MedUni Vienna’s curriculum standards,agreed to be enrolled in the study and met inclusion criteria.The qualitative content analysis revealed the following themes relevant to taking an anamnesis:(1)Knowledge;(2)Soft skills(relationship-building abilities,trust,and attitude);(3)Methodical skills(structuring,precision,and completeness of information gathering);and(4)Environmental/contextual factors(language barrier,time pressure,interruptions).Overall,health care professionals consider empathy and attitude as critical features concerning the quality of medical history taking.When looking at physicians’theoretical conceptions,more general practitioners and psychiatrists mentioned attitude and empathy in the context of"ideal medical history taking",with a higher percentage of females.With respect to observations of students’history taking,a positive impact from attitude and empathy was mainly described by male health care professionals,whereas no predominance of specialty was found.Representatives of general medicine and internal medicine,when observing medical students,more often emphasized a negative impact on history taking when students lacked attitude or showed non-empathetic behavior;no gender-specific difference was detected for this finding.CONCLUSION The analysis reveals that for clinicians engaged in medical student education,only a combination of skills,including adequate knowledge and methodical implementations,is supposed to guarantee acceptable performance.This study’s findings support the importance of concepts like relationship building,attitude,and empathy.However,there may be contextual factors in play as well,and transference of theoretical concepts into the clinical setting might prove challenging.
文摘Karl Marx’s insightful critique of bourgeois rights,represented in the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen adopted by France,can be attributed to the short-term and longterm perspectives he adopted successively in his research.By reading works such as History of France in the Revolutionary Era and History of the French Revolutionary Parliament,Marx was able to examine the original intentions of the legislators in the period of the French Revolution.This short-term examination was the most intuitive and logical approach to studying the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen,in which Marx focused on the research of the period of the French National Convention and its idea on property rights.The enigmatic political-legal facts that emerged in 1793 during the French Revolution,along with other incidents,presented an opportunity for Marx to turn to long-term rights surveys.In this context,Marx gradually shifted his attention from the legislators who were the shining protagonists of the“grand political historical drama”to the underlying forces that worked behind them,and in doing so understood how the two major achievements of the French Revolution provided an explanation for the historicity of the phenomenon of rights.Marx’s longterm rights surveys from the perspective of historical materialism were directly inspired by the Kreuznach Notes as well as famous scholars including Francois Guizot,Augustin Thierry,and Henri Saint-Simon.
文摘This work starts from a brief chronological exposition about the emergence and evolution of magazines in Brazil as a means of communication and its subsequent segmentation until arriving at the specialized magazines.An overview of the constitution of the press will be drawn up,with the aim of understanding the historical context of the first periodicals,evolution and maturation until the 1960s and 1970s,which are the historical focus of this article,also considering the magazine Intervalo our object of study,which existed between 1962 and 1973.In Brazil,Editora Abril has marked the evolution of the Brazilian printed media and,to this day,is active with periodicals recognized nationally and internationally.Despite of the historical retrospective,our focus will be on the magazine Intervalo.At this point,it is necessary to emphasize that the history of the weekly has been lost over the years and,after a deep research,we verified the inexistence of a systematized references on the history or editorial characteristics of the publication.It is important to highlight that the magazine’s chronology was rescued by analyzing the digital archive and conducting interviews with journalists and former employees of Editora Abril and Intervalo.We are interested in not only rescuing its history,but also presenting its characteristics,formats,contents,editorial team,writing routine,its importance within the historical context and its contribution to the construction of the media scene of that time.The methodologies used were:bibliographic research,documentary analysis and interviews based on Oral History methodology,proposed by Paul Thompson(1992).
