An analysis of the interaction mechanism between the social history of medicine research and health communication from the perspective of mass communication

The mass communication model and interactive ritual chain theory,which serve as communication paradigms in the new media era,facilitate and enhance the synergy between the fields of social history of medicine and health communication.This study employs a comprehensive framework based on the five elements of the mass communication model:information source,communication subject,communication object,message content,and post-communication feedback.Additionally,it incorporates the interactive ritual chain theory to examine the evolving dynamics and developmental trajectory of research in the social history of medicine during the new media era.Conclusively,this paper acknowledges the existing interaction gaps in the interaction between health communication and the social history of medicine research while outlining the challenges for fostering collaboration and proposing strategic optimizations for effective integration.

The Construction and Characteristics of the Theoretical System of Xi Jinping’s View of History

Xi’s historical view is a scientific theoretical system with a tight logical structure.The construction of this theoretical system follows the principles and methods of the construction of Marxist theoretical system.The theoretical features of Xi’s view of history are unity of theory and practice,unity of politics and science,unity of universality and nationality,unity of collective wisdom and individual wisdom,unity of dialectical thinking and historical thinking,and unity of history,reality,and future.

Historical Research on Rights in the Eyes of Young Marx

Karl Marx’s insightful critique of bourgeois rights,represented in the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen adopted by France,can be attributed to the short-term and longterm perspectives he adopted successively in his research.By reading works such as History of France in the Revolutionary Era and History of the French Revolutionary Parliament,Marx was able to examine the original intentions of the legislators in the period of the French Revolution.This short-term examination was the most intuitive and logical approach to studying the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen,in which Marx focused on the research of the period of the French National Convention and its idea on property rights.The enigmatic political-legal facts that emerged in 1793 during the French Revolution,along with other incidents,presented an opportunity for Marx to turn to long-term rights surveys.In this context,Marx gradually shifted his attention from the legislators who were the shining protagonists of the“grand political historical drama”to the underlying forces that worked behind them,and in doing so understood how the two major achievements of the French Revolution provided an explanation for the historicity of the phenomenon of rights.Marx’s longterm rights surveys from the perspective of historical materialism were directly inspired by the Kreuznach Notes as well as famous scholars including Francois Guizot,Augustin Thierry,and Henri Saint-Simon.

Discussion on the Integration of Musical Elements into the Classroom Teaching of“The Outline of Chinese Modern and Contemporary History”

The modern and contemporary history of China is the history of exploration,struggle,entrepreneurship,and development of the“Chinese Dream”for the realization of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation by people of all ethnic groups.It contains rich cultural heritage,ideological nutrition and spiritual treasures.These main melody spirits are reflected in the fine arts programs of the mainstream media.They are valuable resources for colleges and universities to innovate the“Outline of Modern and Contemporary History of China”education and teaching,and are worthy of effective development and use by teachers.Teachers should introduce music elements into the classroom in accordance with the time sequence of historical development,and make full use of mainstream media’s excellent programs,taking the hard work and tortuous exploration of Chinese people for nearly 200 years as the context,the history of art and the art of history comprehensively show the great creation of the Chinese people,and answer“Four Choices”and“Four Self-confidences”in a pleasant way.

Changes in the population structure of Calanus sinicus during summer–autumn in the southern Yellow Sea

Calanus sinicus is a calanoid copepod widely distributed in coastal waters of China and Japan, and oversummering strategies may have major impacts on their population dynamics which in turn affect local marine food web structure. The abundance, stage composition, and sex composition of the planktonic copepod C. sinicus were studied from August to October 2002 in the southern Yellow Sea to understand how its population recovers from the over-summering state. Results showed that C. sinicus had low reproduction in August due to high temperature, except in waters near the Cheju Island with rich food and moderate bottom temperature, but the reproduction rates here decreased in September–October as food availability declined. When temperature dropped in September–October, C. sinicus actively propagated in coastal shallow waters. However, reproduction rates of C. sinicus individuals inhabiting the Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass(YSCWM) remained low during the three months of the study. The percentage of C. sinicus females was high during the reproductive period, which suggests that the sex composition of adult C. sinicus may reflect whether or not the population is in the reproductive mode.Numerous fifth copepodite stage(CV) C. sinicus aggregated in the YSCWM in a suspended developmental stage during the three months of this study, and they potentially served as the parental individuals for population development when conditions became optimal for reproduction later in the year.

Importance of communication in medical practice and medical education:An emphasis on empathy and attitudes and their possible influences

BACKGROUND Healthcare professionals need to be prepared to promote healthy lifestyles and care for patients.By focusing on what students should be able to perform one day as clinicians,we can bridge the gap between mere theoretical knowledge and its practical application.Gender aspects in clinical medicine also have to be considered when speaking of personalized medicine and learning curricula.AIM To determine sets of intellectual,personal,social,and emotional abilities that comprise core qualifications in medicine for performing well in anamnesis-taking,in order to identify training needs.METHODS An analysis of training clinicians’conceptions with respect to optimal medical history taking was performed.The chosen study design also aimed to assess gender effects.Structured interviews with supervising clinicians were carried out in a descriptive study at the Medical University of Vienna.Results were analyzed by conducting a qualitative computer-assisted content analysis of the interviews.Inductive category formation was applied.The main questions posed to the supervisors dealt with(1)Observed competencies of students in medical history taking;and(2)The supervisor’s own conceptions of"ideal medical history taking".RESULTS A total of 33 training clinicians(n=33),engaged in supervising medical students according to the MedUni Vienna’s curriculum standards,agreed to be enrolled in the study and met inclusion criteria.The qualitative content analysis revealed the following themes relevant to taking an anamnesis:(1)Knowledge;(2)Soft skills(relationship-building abilities,trust,and attitude);(3)Methodical skills(structuring,precision,and completeness of information gathering);and(4)Environmental/contextual factors(language barrier,time pressure,interruptions).Overall,health care professionals consider empathy and attitude as critical features concerning the quality of medical history taking.When looking at physicians’theoretical conceptions,more general practitioners and psychiatrists mentioned attitude and empathy in the context of"ideal medical history taking",with a higher percentage of females.With respect to observations of students’history taking,a positive impact from attitude and empathy was mainly described by male health care professionals,whereas no predominance of specialty was found.Representatives of general medicine and internal medicine,when observing medical students,more often emphasized a negative impact on history taking when students lacked attitude or showed non-empathetic behavior;no gender-specific difference was detected for this finding.CONCLUSION The analysis reveals that for clinicians engaged in medical student education,only a combination of skills,including adequate knowledge and methodical implementations,is supposed to guarantee acceptable performance.This study’s findings support the importance of concepts like relationship building,attitude,and empathy.However,there may be contextual factors in play as well,and transference of theoretical concepts into the clinical setting might prove challenging.

Body mass index does not affect the survival of pancreatic cancer patients

AIM to evaluate the association of body mass index(b MI) with the overall survival of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC) patients.METHODS A retrospective analysis of PDAC patients diagnosed in the National Cancer Center of China between January 1999 and December 2014 was performed. these patients were categorized into four b MI groups(< 18.5, 18.5-22.9, 23-27.4 and ≥ 27.5 kg/m2). χ2 tests for comparison of the proportions of categorical variables, and Student's t-test or Mann-Whitney test for continuous variables were employed. Survival analysis was performed with the Kaplan-Meyer method. their HRs of mortality and 95%CIs were estimated using the Cox proportional hazards model.RESULTS With a median age of 59.6 years(range: 22.5-84.6 years), in total 1783 PDAC patients were enrolled in this study. their mean usual b MI was 24.19 ± 3.53 for the whole cohort. More than half of the patients(59.3%) experienced weight loss during the disease onset and progression. Compared with healthy-weight individuals, newly diagnosed patients who were overweight or obese had more severe weight loss during their disease onset and progression(P < 0.001). Individuals who were overweight or obese were associated with positive smoking history(P < 0.001). A significant difference in comorbidity of diabetes(P = 0.044) and coronary artery disease(P < 0.001) was identified between high b MI and normal-weight patients. After a median follow-up of 8 mo, the survival analysis showed no association between b MI and the overall survival(P = 0.90, n = 1783). When we stratified the whole cohort by pancreatic cancer stage, no statistically significant association between b MI and overall survival was found for resectable(P = 0.99, n = 217), unresectable locally advanced(P = 0.90, n = 316) and metastatic patients(P = 0.88, n = 1250), respectively. the results did not change when we used the b MI at diagnosis.CONCLUSION Our results showed no significance of b MI for the overall survival of PDAC patients.

Risk factors for sporadic colorectal cancer in southern Chinese

AIM:To investigate the role of smoking, alcohol drinking, family history of cancer, and body mass index(BMI) in sporadic colorectal cancer in southern Chinese.METHODS:A hospital-based case-control study was conducted from July 2002 to December 2008.There were 706 cases and 723 controls with their sex and age(within 5 years) matched.An unconditional logistic regression model was used to analyze the association between smoking, alcohol drinking, family history of cancer, BMI and sporadic colorectal cancer.RESULTS:No positive association was observed between smoking status and sporadic colorectal cancer risk.Compared with the non alcohol drinkers, the current and former alcohol drinkers had an increased risk of developing sporadic colorectal cancer(CRC)(adjusted OR = 8.61 and 95% CI = 6.15-12.05;adjusted OR = 2.30, 95% CI = 1.27-4.17).Moreover, the increased risk of developing sporadic CRC was significant in those with a positive family history of cancer(adjusted OR = 1.62, 95% CI = 1.12-3.34) and in those with their BMI ≥ 24.0 kg/m2(adjusted OR = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.10-1.75).Stratification analysis showed that the risk of developing both colon and rectal cancers was increased in current alcohol drinkers(adjusted OR = 7.60 and 95% CI = 5.13-11.25;adjusted OR = 7.52 and 95% CI = 5.13-11.01) and in those with their BMI ≥ 24.0 kg/m2(adjusted OR = 1.38 and 95% CI = 1.04-1.83;adjusted OR = 1.35 and 95% CI = 1.02-1.79).The risk of developing colon cancer, but not rectal cancer, was found in former alcohol drinkers and in those with a positive family history of cancer(adjusted OR = 2.51 and 95% CI = 1.24-5.07;adjusted OR = 1.82 and 95% CI = 1.17-2.82).CONCLUSION:Alcohol drinking, high BMI(≥ 24.0 kg/m2) and positive family history of cancer are the independent risk factors for colorectal cancer in southern Chinese.

Always Keep to the Party's Mass Discipline

Nothing is trivial in the interests of the masses,mass discipline should be kept in mind.We must strictly adhere to the mass discipline of the Party and firmly establish the Marxist mass viewpoint and the foundation of the ideological foundation for the mass work in practice.We must always uphold the fundamental interests of the people and constantly strengthen people’s awareness of Aim Consciousness of the Party.We must persist in innovating the working methods and methods for the massesand improving inner management ecology.This is also the meanings of the current issue of implementing the spirit of the 19-nation report and doing a good job of mass work under the conditions of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era.

Analysis on Family History of Diabetes, Weight Gain during Pregnancy and Pre-pregnancy Body Mass Index on 82 Pregnant Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Objective:To investigate the effects of family history of diabetes mellitus,Gestational Weight Gain(GWG)and Body Mass Index(BMI)before pregnancy on Gestational Diabetes Mellitus(GDM).Method:82 pregnant women with GDM who were hospitalized and delivered in the obstetrics department of our hospital from September 2017 to September 2019 were selected as the observation group,and 60 pregnant women with normal glucose tolerance test in the same period were selected as the control group;The relationship between family history of diabetes,weight gain during pregnancy and pre-pregnancy Body Mass Index and GDM were analyzed.Results:The age,pre-pregnancy weight and weight gain during pregnancy were significantly higher in the observation group than in the control group(P<0.05),and the family history of diabetes and pre-pregnancy Body Mass Index were higher in the observation group than in the control group(P<0.05),and the differences were statistically significant.Conclusion:It is suggested that family history of diabetes is related to gestational diabetes mellitus.Excessive GWG growth during pregnancy and high Body Mass Index before pregnancy may increase the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus in pregnant women.

论马克思主义具体化的要求

马克思主义具有具体化的要求,这是其“绝对命令”。马克思主义具体化的要求是马克思批判和继承黑格尔思想遗产的成果。在思辨唯心主义基础上,黑格尔批判了主观思想,试图实现客观思想对主观思想的超越,区分了抽象的普遍性和真正的普遍性,并使真正的普遍性能够具体化。马克思主义具体化的要求与马克思思想的当代性质和阶级立场直接相关。唯物史观“社会现实”和“历史本质性”原则的发现为马克思主义具体化的要求找到了根据和立足点。作为历史科学的唯物史观的方法论原则要求马克思主义必须具体化,必须把一般原理转化为具体方法和实施纲要。马克思主义中国化时代化是马克思主义具体化的要求在中国的贯彻、落实和实现。

什么是历史,怎样做历史研究

对历史一词的认知,概括起来有两个释义:一有对历史本身的释义,是“自然界和人类社会的发展过程”,或是称为“过去的事实”“过去的存在”;二是对历史学的释义,是“过去的事实的记载”。这样的认知已固化在人们的头脑中,其实这只是一个直观历史的表面现象的描述,用梁启超的话说,就是“解剖”历史的认知,没有说清楚历史的本质,不具有哲学理论的高度。换用梁启超“鸟瞰”的观察方法,准确地表述“什么是历史”,用一句话概括就是“在一定的时间和空间范围内存在的物与人和事就是历史”,即历史的本质存在于一定范围的时空之中,也就是历史存在的两个条件时间和空间,缺一不可。由于空间无限大,人们短暂的时间感知不到它的变化,而时间是一个矢量,永远沿着直线向一个方向飞进,即时间瞬间而逝,时间不回流,也就是消逝的历史不再现,即不可知。我们已知的历史是人类发明语言文字后留下的记忆,所以人类社会上百万年,已知的历史只有五千年到一万年,因流畅语言的产生只有一万年,文字的产生只有五千年,消逝的原生态历史已不可知,已知历史是历史家凭语言文字记载的历史记忆重新复制的历史。原生态历史只有一个版本,而语言文字留下的复制品历史可以有若干版本。因此历史研究,就是对已知复制品历史作复盘研究,揭示作者的历史观,运用推论升华复制品历史,使之无限接近全生态历史。

马克思的历史观与哲学变革

历史观是马克思最具原创性贡献的领域之一,唯物史观就是马克思的哲学或马克思主义哲学。唯物史观诞生以前,一切哲学在历史观上都受困于“观念的神话”与“遮蔽”。而“观念的神话”与“遮蔽”,源自人类实践的具体历史形式--分工,特别是物质生产与精神生产的分工以及职业精神生产者的出现和扩大。唯物史观的创立,终结了观念决定历史的神话、超历史的历史哲学的神话、历史宿命论的神话,开辟了一种崭新的哲学图景。坚持和发展唯物史观,应摈弃从观念到观念、从文献到文献、从概念到概念的研究范式,从实践的不同历史形态的变化入手,展开活的历史研究。

唯物史观与中华优秀传统思想的进步历史观

在中国哲学史上,哲学家们提出了一系列关于社会历史发展规律的观点和看法。中华优秀传统历史观念构成了中华优秀传统思想的进步历史观。中华优秀传统思想的进步历史观包括重“势”的进步社会历史观、对厚古薄今复古主义历史观的批判思想、民本思想、大同思想、“大一统”思想等,蕴含着与唯物史观相契合的合理因素和创新萌芽,在中国社会历史观发展史上产生了积极影响,为马克思主义唯物史观的中国化时代化贡献了中华优秀传统哲学智慧。汲取中华优秀传统思想进步历史观的有益成分,有助于进一步实现唯物史观与中华优秀传统思想进步历史观的有机结合,在“两个结合”中继续推进马克思主义中国化时代化。

习近平抗战史观对“纲要”抗战史教学的导向引领

“中国近现代史纲要”课要以习近平抗战史观为指导,以科学的立场和观点来认识抗日战争的历史,深入理解抗战历史的史鉴作用,珍惜来之不易的和平,在正视历史的基础上,展望未来,培养当代大学生爱国主义情怀,弘扬抗战精神。抗战史要以史实发言,帮助大学生全面系统的学习抗战历史,从而提升大学生的历史唯物主义水平和历史辨析能力。习近平抗战史观对当代大学生学习抗战史、提升历史素养,以及加强思想政治和爱国主义教育起到导向引领作用。

大学生党史学习的价值意蕴及加强策略研究

强化大学生党史学习有助于当代大学生形成正确的党史观,同时也会让当代大学生形成良好的担当意识。正确的党史观会有助于当代大学生树立坚定的历史自信,在提升政治素养的同时自觉抵制错误党史观念的影响。作为未来社会主义建设基石的重要组成部分,当代大学生有责任也有义务正确认识我党的艰苦奋斗历史,以坚定不移的信念承担起未来实现民族伟大复兴的历史重任。

论商鞅法治主义的内在逻辑及其影响

商鞅法治主义内在逻辑的起点是其历史观与人性论。以商鞅的历史观为视角,可以看出商鞅将物质生产资料作为历史发展的基本线索。商鞅将历史进程划分为不同阶段,并指出不同历史阶段的社会治理方式存在差异。以商鞅的人性论为视角,可以看出商鞅指明了人民趋利避害的本性,从而主张轻罪重刑,目的在于防止人民行奸邪之事,借重刑的手段来遏制人趋利的本性,借此督促人民遵守社会秩序。商鞅提出的法治理论丰富了我国法治文化的内容,为后世的法治建设奠定了坚实的基础,产生了积极影响。不过商鞅忽略了道德的作用,盲目推崇法治万能论,将人民束缚在极为严密的法网之下,繁杂而严苛的法律引起了人民内心的激愤之情,导致其法治主张走向了历史的反面。

全球史观视域下的人类文明新形态

在欧美学术界的近现代世界历史叙事谱系中蕴含着自身独特的历史伦理观,包括以经济个人主义为核心的国家功利主义、物竞天择适者生存的社会达尔文主义等,由此导致了主权国家、跨国资本、全球劳工的深度不平等。伴随当代人类各种全球化重大风险的不断提速,要从根本上消除上述各种不平等现象,就必须在推动构建人类命运共同体的过程中创造人类文明新形态。而要完成这一历史重任,就必须实现西方世界史观向全球史观的转变、民族国家主权由绝对向相对的转变、跨国资本由你输我赢向普惠包容的转变,特别是要在提高全球劳工综合素质的基础上,不断提高抵御帝国霸权压制和跨国资本剥削的能力。

大历史观融入高校思政教学的创新路径

在全面建设社会主义现代化国家、向第二个百年奋斗目标进军的新征程中,以大历史观引领青年群体在厚重的历史里,找到智慧的启迪,确定前进的方向,是当前高校思政教学的重要价值取向。大历史观以跨学科性打破专业壁垒、以批判性提高学生思辨能力、以宽视域构建国际化视野、以创新性促成实践能力养成。循序渐进地引领学生从问题意识、思维方式、方案设计的全过程中形成科学的大历史观,提升大学生思想政治素养,肩负起实现中华民族伟大复兴的历史使命。

青年大学生正确党史观的养成路径思考

正确党史观是对中国共产党及党的历史正向认知的理论和方法基础。青年大学生是否拥有正确党史观,对党的执政根基是否牢固和党的兴衰成败具有重大现实与长远意义。全面认识和深刻把握正确党史观的科学内涵,深入探求其形成过程;以系统学习、教育引导、实践养成、巩固强化等方式,探求青年大学生正确党史观的养成路径,以期培养和造就新时代知党爱党护党兴党的青年大学生。