Research on Instruments of Formative Assessment for Differentiated Language Teaching

Formative assessment is crucial to differentiated language teaching.To ensure the quality of differentiated teaching,some assessment instruments should be adopted during formative assessment,such as differentiated learning portfolios and group activity journal.The effective application of these instruments can also improve the students' autonomous language learning ability.

The Language of An Ancient Instrument

If you thought learning Chinese was hard,then pop over to the musical instrument vocabulary list for a break.All you have to remember is the suffix琴(qín),and you’ll have the names of most instruments half memorized D violin is小提琴(xiǎotíqín),keyboard is电子琴(diànzǐqín)and the harmonica is口琴(kǒuqín).You can even use琴as a shortened way of saying these instruments(我在练琴,I’m practicing qin),which works out great until you realize that people have no idea whether you’re playing a piano,a guitar or an erhu.

A case study of changing motivation in foreign language learning

After perceiving a common phenomenon of English learning at college in China, this paper presents a case study of motivation. In this study, a questionnaire is conducted twice among 156 Chinese college students when they are sophomores and seniors. It intends to identify some components of foreign language learning motivation and probes into the causes for the changing motivations of students throughout 4-year college education. The findings suggest that the instrumental motivation plays a crucial role in foreign language learning context.

Critical Understanding of the Notion of Integrative and Instrumental Motivational Orientations

How to motivate L2 learners in their learning process is a fundamental and universal question for L2 teachers and educa?tors throughout the world.Although the issues concerning L2 motivation has been investigated a lot and there have been many established frameworks,it is worth comparing how different scholars define the same concept in this globalised context.Through critical analysis of the concept of“integrative and instrumental”motivational orientations proposed by Gardner and Dornyei,this paper aims to compare the similarities and differences between the two frameworks.In addition,how these two models could re?late to current teaching practice from a globalised stance and the empirical researches done by these two authors and other schol?ars are also mentioned.Therefore,whatever the framework the L2 teachers decide to adopt,specific and appropriate activity is suggested to design in each specific learning context so as to maximize the level of L2 learners’self-motivation ability and their awareness.

The Exploration of Individual Differences in Second Language Learning

This paper mainly focuses on the influence of age and motivation in second language learning.Based on the theories of individual differences and an interview analysis,results obtained in this research include three aspects.Firstly,it is better to start a second language at an earlier age.Secondly,integrative motivation weighs more in the long-term success when learning a second language.Thirdly,creating better English environments is essential in EFL schools.

Lightweight Behavior-Based Language for Requirements Modeling

Whether or not a software system satisfies the anticipated user requirements is ultimately determined by the behaviors of the software. So it is necessary and valuable to research requirements modeling language and technique from the perspective of behavior. This paper presents a lightweight behavior based requirements modeling language BDL with formal syntax and semantics, and a general-purpose requirements description model BRM synthesizing the concepts of viewpoint and scenario. BRM is good for modeling large and complex system due to its structure is very clear. In addition, the modeling process is demonstrated through the case study On-Line Campus Management System. By lightweight formal style, BDL & BRM can effectively bridge the gap between practicability and rigorousness of formal requirements modeling language and technique.

New Refinement Relations of Z Specifications for Multiple Viewpoints Oriented Requirements Method

In this paper we develop several new refinement relations of Z for multiple viewpoints oriented requirements method (MVORM). The original motivation is that we found the standard Z refinement relation is not adequate or correct when considering specifications that have temporal relationships of operations. The concept of temporal state variables is introduced into Z. Then new implementation relations are defined and new refinement relations are deduced, mainly for temporal state variables to process temporal relationships of operations. We use state transition systems to abstract the temporal state transitions. A simple example is used to show the procedures of MVORM. Finally some directions of further work are forwarded.

Design of mobile sensing system for automatical measurement

Based on mobile devices as a solution for measurement faces interesting challenges, which involve poor human- computer interaction and limited computer capability. In this paper, we present the mobile sensing system （MSS） with func- tions of constructing, configuring and implementing measurement applications. MSS consists of a mobile device and a sensor probe, In the mobile device we install a pocket virtual instrument platform （PVIP）, which has object-oriented software ar- chitecture and can be configured through extensible markup language （XML） files. And these configuration files can be written to the probe. Therefore, the probe can produce the measurement of APP in the mobile device. This infrastructure has been illustrated by a sound signal acquisition task and a flexible force measurement task which are finished with an android smartphone and a probe. These examples suggest that MSS is reconfigurable, highly automatical and flexible.

中介与开显——伽达默尔诠释学语言观要义钩沉

在伽达默尔看来,自希腊哲学以降的西方主流哲学曲解了语言的本质,语言与存在相分离,被降格为工具化符号,用以指称或描摹存在的表现。伽达默尔反其道而行之,接榫由哈曼—赫尔德—洪堡特开创的德国语言哲学传统,立足存在论视位,将语言理解为存在(事物)的存在方式,存在是语言中的存在,语言是说出存在的语言,语言、存在与思想在存在论意义上具有三位一体式的内在关联。伽达默尔以自己的语言存在论深度推进了诠释学的语言学转向,语言是联系思想和存在的中介,它使得思想和存在在其原始的依属性中得以表现,让存在的意义整体来到语言表达,在语言之光中被澄清敞亮,开显自身、呈现真理。中介与开显表征着语言的本质性规定,也同时显示为语言的效用。语言所具有的自我遗忘性、无我性、普遍性三特征,指示出语言是理解的最完美中介,它能够让一切与人有关的事情无遮蔽地显现在语言之中。

《跨文化交际概论》若干问题商兑

从跨文化交际基本理论、汉语国际教育基本观念和对外汉语教学实践来看,作为“对外汉语专业本科系列教材”之一、吴为善、严慧仙所著的《跨文化交际概论》存在一些值得商榷探讨的问题。主要表现在三个方面:一是全书的结构设计与内容安排方面的欠妥当或不合理;二是某些学术立场和学术观点的不恰当或不准确;三是教材话语方式和语言表达的不清晰或不规范。这些问题的存在,不能不影响该教材的总体水平、价值地位和在对外汉语或国际中文课堂教学中的使用范围与使用效果。本文予以提出并进行讨论,希望能对该教材的编著者和使用者提供一定的参考。

DataSocket技术及其在虚拟仪器远程测控系统中的应用

介绍一种虚拟仪器新技术DataSocket,它能大大简化网上计算机之间测控数据交换的程序设计工作

Motivation and Exposure in Language Learning

As one might expect, motivational theorists have attempted to explain motivation in different ways. This case study at-tempts to provide relevant evidence for the contribution of motivation in second language learning by looking at the success of Japa-nese study of an adult who learned Japanese at a later age 24, acquiring the target language over a 5-year period characterized bytotal exposure in Japan. The study shows that adult can still be successful to acquire second language if he is exposed to the envi-ronment and has strong motivation, and that the boundary of integrative motivation and instrumental motivation is not necessarilyclear-cut completely.

电子生物反馈疗法联合吞咽言语诊治仪对老年脑梗死后真性延髓麻痹吞咽障碍患者语言功能的影响

目的探究电子生物反馈疗法联合吞咽言语诊治仪对老年脑梗死后真性延髓麻痹吞咽障碍患者语言功能的影响。方法选择2019年5月至2022年5月在河北省涿州市医院进行脑梗死后真性延髓麻痹吞咽障碍治疗的患者125例,按照随机数字表法将其分为吞咽诊疗组(41例)、生物反馈组(41例)、联合组(43例)。吞咽诊疗组给予吞咽言语诊治仪治疗;生物反馈组给予生物刺激反馈仪治疗;联合组给予生物刺激反馈仪联合吞咽言语诊治仪治疗,均治疗20 d。比较三组治疗前后吞咽功能、洼田饮水测试(WST)、吞咽障碍特异性生活质量量表(SWAL-QOL)评分。结果治疗后,联合组标准吞咽功能评定量表(SSA)评分低于治疗前,电视透视吞咽功能检查(VFSS)评分高于治疗前;且联合组SSA评分低于吞咽诊疗组和生物反馈组,VFSS评分高于吞咽诊疗组和生物反馈组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,三组WST分级优于治疗前,且联合组优于吞咽诊疗组和生物反馈组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,三组SWAL-QOL评分高于治疗前,且联合组高于吞咽诊疗组和生物反馈组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论电子生物反馈疗法联合吞咽言语诊治仪可改善老年脑梗死后真性延髓麻痹吞咽障碍患者的语言功能和吞咽功能,改善临床症状,治疗效果显著。

Perceptions of Chinese College Students＇ Motivations for Learning Oral English

This paper explores Chinese college students＇ motivation for learning oral English, which is normally considered as an important factor contributing to learners＇ speaking proficiency in Second Language Learning. The theoretical studies on motivation in Second Language Learning are firstly reviewed. Based on the literature review, Chinese college students＇ motivation in oral English learning is examined in terms of the Chinese context. Finally, five specific helpful strategies are put forward to facilitate students＇ optimal oral English learning.

晚清民初语文课程学科定位定性问题研究——兼论工具性质观出现的历史必然性

晚清民初,在癸卯学制与壬子癸丑学制推动下,语文课程得以独立设科与初步发展。当时,学者在对为何要设立这门课程、这门课程是干什么的与应该干什么等课程定位问题的思考与回答中,确立了语文课程的奠基性地位,进而确立了以发展学生语言能力为根本目标、以传授语言形式方面知识为根本对象等课程认识,也初步确立了这门课程内具的工具性特质。晚清民初对语文课程学科定位与性质特征的探索与结论,对认识与纠正长期而广泛存在的“泛语文”“非语文”现象有着重要历史借鉴价值。

Rust语言在核电安全级仪控研发应用探讨

在核安全级(1E)仪控应用中,基于处理器的应用绝大部分使用C语言来实现。针对C语言存在弱内存管理、弱数据类型、易于出错的指针控制等天然语言缺陷,提出了更安全的Rust编程语言在核电仪控中应用可能性的探讨。首先分析了C语言固有特性的安全缺陷和Rust语言的安全优势,其次结合核电行业安全软件关键需求探讨了Rust语言的切实应用场景,并阐述了Rust语言应用于核电仪控面临着极大的挑战。最后,为推动核电仪控领域应用更安全的编程语言,提出了积极的展望。

面向新时代的语文教学:问题与思考

目前我国语文教学诸多问题尚存,虽然成因复杂,但对语文学科的基本认识必定影响语文教学效果。首先,关于“什么是语文”的问题是一个根本的问题。今天对于中小学语文教学中诸多问题的争论,归根结底是对语文教学本质认识的争论。进入21世纪以来,人们对于语文的工具性和人文性之间的关系有了更深的认识和理解,出现了两种认识的冲突、论辩与调和。其次,与语文学科性质相关的是语文课程教学的目标,即“为何学语文”的问题。目标是教学过程的牵引,对于语文学科教学目标经历了从“双基”到“三维目标”再到“核心素养”的变化,不断在反思中前行,在继承中超越。

语言习得动机分析及启示——以《赵元任早年自传》为样本

以《赵元任早年自传》中的语言学习动机为研究对象,通过分析自传中有关语言学习的语句,揭示其语言习得动机方面的特征。通过分析发现,在语言学习过程中,只有让融合型动机与工具型动机相互交织,才能共同发挥作用。融合型动机对语言学习起主导性作用,工具型动机起一定的刺激和推动作用。因此,在语言学习过程中,要以激发学习者的融合型动机为抓手,以物质和精神方面的正面刺激为辅助,逐步培养学生的语言学习兴趣。

国际中文教材评价量表开发与检验——基于一线教师视角的因子分析

本文基于以往国际中文教材评价研究成果,初步构建了国际中文教材评价量表,其后围绕量表评价指标的重要程度面向国际中文教师开展大规模抽样调查,最终通过因子分析得到包含9个维度、共40个指标的国际中文教材评价量表。该量表可为后续教材评价实践提供有效、可靠的工具支持。同时,基于因子分析结果与初构框架的比较,本文发现:(1)一线教师与专家学者的评价关注点存在差异;(2)区分适用主体是优化教材评价的有效方法;(3)教材对学习策略的引导作用尚未受到重视;(4)教材活动设计是培养学习者积极情感的重要途径。据此,本文提出相关建议,希冀对国际中文教材编写、使用与评价有所启示。

同步数据流语言输入结构体的可信翻译

为最大程度地减少同步数据流语言编译过程中由编译器引入的错误,需要利用形式化方法自动生成代码,保证编译器产生的代码能够应用于核能仪控系统.本研究使用定理证明工具Coq,对同步数据流语言Lustre到Clight的主节点输入结构翻译阶段涉及的语法、语义及翻译算法进行了形式化定义,并完成翻译算法的形式化证明.研究表明这种经过形式化的编译器能够生成与源代码行为一致的可信目标代码,同时生成的目标代码能够很好满足核能仪控系统的执行规范.