Formative assessment is crucial to differentiated language teaching.To ensure the quality of differentiated teaching,some assessment instruments should be adopted during formative assessment,such as differentiated lea...Formative assessment is crucial to differentiated language teaching.To ensure the quality of differentiated teaching,some assessment instruments should be adopted during formative assessment,such as differentiated learning portfolios and group activity journal.The effective application of these instruments can also improve the students' autonomous language learning ability.展开更多
If you thought learning Chinese was hard,then pop over to the musical instrument vocabulary list for a break.All you have to remember is the suffix琴(qín),and you’ll have the names of most instruments half memor...If you thought learning Chinese was hard,then pop over to the musical instrument vocabulary list for a break.All you have to remember is the suffix琴(qín),and you’ll have the names of most instruments half memorized D violin is小提琴(xiǎotíqín),keyboard is电子琴(diànzǐqín)and the harmonica is口琴(kǒuqín).You can even use琴as a shortened way of saying these instruments(我在练琴,I’m practicing qin),which works out great until you realize that people have no idea whether you’re playing a piano,a guitar or an erhu.展开更多
After perceiving a common phenomenon of English learning at college in China, this paper presents a case study of motivation. In this study, a questionnaire is conducted twice among 156 Chinese college students when t...After perceiving a common phenomenon of English learning at college in China, this paper presents a case study of motivation. In this study, a questionnaire is conducted twice among 156 Chinese college students when they are sophomores and seniors. It intends to identify some components of foreign language learning motivation and probes into the causes for the changing motivations of students throughout 4-year college education. The findings suggest that the instrumental motivation plays a crucial role in foreign language learning context.展开更多
How to motivate L2 learners in their learning process is a fundamental and universal question for L2 teachers and educa?tors throughout the world.Although the issues concerning L2 motivation has been investigated a lo...How to motivate L2 learners in their learning process is a fundamental and universal question for L2 teachers and educa?tors throughout the world.Although the issues concerning L2 motivation has been investigated a lot and there have been many established frameworks,it is worth comparing how different scholars define the same concept in this globalised context.Through critical analysis of the concept of“integrative and instrumental”motivational orientations proposed by Gardner and Dornyei,this paper aims to compare the similarities and differences between the two frameworks.In addition,how these two models could re?late to current teaching practice from a globalised stance and the empirical researches done by these two authors and other schol?ars are also mentioned.Therefore,whatever the framework the L2 teachers decide to adopt,specific and appropriate activity is suggested to design in each specific learning context so as to maximize the level of L2 learners’self-motivation ability and their awareness.展开更多
This paper mainly focuses on the influence of age and motivation in second language learning.Based on the theories of individual differences and an interview analysis,results obtained in this research include three as...This paper mainly focuses on the influence of age and motivation in second language learning.Based on the theories of individual differences and an interview analysis,results obtained in this research include three aspects.Firstly,it is better to start a second language at an earlier age.Secondly,integrative motivation weighs more in the long-term success when learning a second language.Thirdly,creating better English environments is essential in EFL schools.展开更多
Whether or not a software system satisfies the anticipated user requirements is ultimately determined by the behaviors of the software. So it is necessary and valuable to research requirements modeling language and te...Whether or not a software system satisfies the anticipated user requirements is ultimately determined by the behaviors of the software. So it is necessary and valuable to research requirements modeling language and technique from the perspective of behavior. This paper presents a lightweight behavior based requirements modeling language BDL with formal syntax and semantics, and a general-purpose requirements description model BRM synthesizing the concepts of viewpoint and scenario. BRM is good for modeling large and complex system due to its structure is very clear. In addition, the modeling process is demonstrated through the case study On-Line Campus Management System. By lightweight formal style, BDL & BRM can effectively bridge the gap between practicability and rigorousness of formal requirements modeling language and technique.展开更多
In this paper we develop several new refinement relations of Z for multiple viewpoints oriented requirements method (MVORM). The original motivation is that we found the standard Z refinement relation is not adequate ...In this paper we develop several new refinement relations of Z for multiple viewpoints oriented requirements method (MVORM). The original motivation is that we found the standard Z refinement relation is not adequate or correct when considering specifications that have temporal relationships of operations. The concept of temporal state variables is introduced into Z. Then new implementation relations are defined and new refinement relations are deduced, mainly for temporal state variables to process temporal relationships of operations. We use state transition systems to abstract the temporal state transitions. A simple example is used to show the procedures of MVORM. Finally some directions of further work are forwarded.展开更多
Based on mobile devices as a solution for measurement faces interesting challenges, which involve poor human- computer interaction and limited computer capability. In this paper, we present the mobile sensing system ...Based on mobile devices as a solution for measurement faces interesting challenges, which involve poor human- computer interaction and limited computer capability. In this paper, we present the mobile sensing system （MSS） with func- tions of constructing, configuring and implementing measurement applications. MSS consists of a mobile device and a sensor probe, In the mobile device we install a pocket virtual instrument platform （PVIP）, which has object-oriented software ar- chitecture and can be configured through extensible markup language （XML） files. And these configuration files can be written to the probe. Therefore, the probe can produce the measurement of APP in the mobile device. This infrastructure has been illustrated by a sound signal acquisition task and a flexible force measurement task which are finished with an android smartphone and a probe. These examples suggest that MSS is reconfigurable, highly automatical and flexible.展开更多
As one might expect, motivational theorists have attempted to explain motivation in different ways. This case study at-tempts to provide relevant evidence for the contribution of motivation in second language learning...As one might expect, motivational theorists have attempted to explain motivation in different ways. This case study at-tempts to provide relevant evidence for the contribution of motivation in second language learning by looking at the success of Japa-nese study of an adult who learned Japanese at a later age 24, acquiring the target language over a 5-year period characterized bytotal exposure in Japan. The study shows that adult can still be successful to acquire second language if he is exposed to the envi-ronment and has strong motivation, and that the boundary of integrative motivation and instrumental motivation is not necessarilyclear-cut completely.展开更多
This paper explores Chinese college students＇ motivation for learning oral English, which is normally considered as an important factor contributing to learners＇ speaking proficiency in Second Language Learning. The...This paper explores Chinese college students＇ motivation for learning oral English, which is normally considered as an important factor contributing to learners＇ speaking proficiency in Second Language Learning. The theoretical studies on motivation in Second Language Learning are firstly reviewed. Based on the literature review, Chinese college students＇ motivation in oral English learning is examined in terms of the Chinese context. Finally, five specific helpful strategies are put forward to facilitate students＇ optimal oral English learning.展开更多
After reviewing the main theoretical researches in second/foreign language learning motivation, this paper presents a case study of motivation. In this study, a questionnaire is conducted twice among 156 college stude...After reviewing the main theoretical researches in second/foreign language learning motivation, this paper presents a case study of motivation. In this study, a questionnaire is conducted twice among 156 college students when they are freshmen and juniors. It intends to identify some components of foreign language learning motivation and probes into the causes for the changing motivations of students throughout four-year college education. The findings suggest that instrumental motivation plays a crucial role in foreign language learning context.展开更多
文摘Formative assessment is crucial to differentiated language teaching.To ensure the quality of differentiated teaching,some assessment instruments should be adopted during formative assessment,such as differentiated learning portfolios and group activity journal.The effective application of these instruments can also improve the students' autonomous language learning ability.
文摘If you thought learning Chinese was hard,then pop over to the musical instrument vocabulary list for a break.All you have to remember is the suffix琴(qín),and you’ll have the names of most instruments half memorized D violin is小提琴(xiǎotíqín),keyboard is电子琴(diànzǐqín)and the harmonica is口琴(kǒuqín).You can even use琴as a shortened way of saying these instruments(我在练琴,I’m practicing qin),which works out great until you realize that people have no idea whether you’re playing a piano,a guitar or an erhu.
文摘After perceiving a common phenomenon of English learning at college in China, this paper presents a case study of motivation. In this study, a questionnaire is conducted twice among 156 Chinese college students when they are sophomores and seniors. It intends to identify some components of foreign language learning motivation and probes into the causes for the changing motivations of students throughout 4-year college education. The findings suggest that the instrumental motivation plays a crucial role in foreign language learning context.
文摘How to motivate L2 learners in their learning process is a fundamental and universal question for L2 teachers and educa?tors throughout the world.Although the issues concerning L2 motivation has been investigated a lot and there have been many established frameworks,it is worth comparing how different scholars define the same concept in this globalised context.Through critical analysis of the concept of“integrative and instrumental”motivational orientations proposed by Gardner and Dornyei,this paper aims to compare the similarities and differences between the two frameworks.In addition,how these two models could re?late to current teaching practice from a globalised stance and the empirical researches done by these two authors and other schol?ars are also mentioned.Therefore,whatever the framework the L2 teachers decide to adopt,specific and appropriate activity is suggested to design in each specific learning context so as to maximize the level of L2 learners’self-motivation ability and their awareness.
文摘This paper mainly focuses on the influence of age and motivation in second language learning.Based on the theories of individual differences and an interview analysis,results obtained in this research include three aspects.Firstly,it is better to start a second language at an earlier age.Secondly,integrative motivation weighs more in the long-term success when learning a second language.Thirdly,creating better English environments is essential in EFL schools.
文摘Whether or not a software system satisfies the anticipated user requirements is ultimately determined by the behaviors of the software. So it is necessary and valuable to research requirements modeling language and technique from the perspective of behavior. This paper presents a lightweight behavior based requirements modeling language BDL with formal syntax and semantics, and a general-purpose requirements description model BRM synthesizing the concepts of viewpoint and scenario. BRM is good for modeling large and complex system due to its structure is very clear. In addition, the modeling process is demonstrated through the case study On-Line Campus Management System. By lightweight formal style, BDL & BRM can effectively bridge the gap between practicability and rigorousness of formal requirements modeling language and technique.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province (98J0 75 ) Ziqiang Technical Innovation Foundation ofWuhan Universi
文摘In this paper we develop several new refinement relations of Z for multiple viewpoints oriented requirements method (MVORM). The original motivation is that we found the standard Z refinement relation is not adequate or correct when considering specifications that have temporal relationships of operations. The concept of temporal state variables is introduced into Z. Then new implementation relations are defined and new refinement relations are deduced, mainly for temporal state variables to process temporal relationships of operations. We use state transition systems to abstract the temporal state transitions. A simple example is used to show the procedures of MVORM. Finally some directions of further work are forwarded.
基金The Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China,Within the Framework of the Project the CNC Products innovation demonstration(No.2012BAF13B06)
文摘Based on mobile devices as a solution for measurement faces interesting challenges, which involve poor human- computer interaction and limited computer capability. In this paper, we present the mobile sensing system （MSS） with func- tions of constructing, configuring and implementing measurement applications. MSS consists of a mobile device and a sensor probe, In the mobile device we install a pocket virtual instrument platform （PVIP）, which has object-oriented software ar- chitecture and can be configured through extensible markup language （XML） files. And these configuration files can be written to the probe. Therefore, the probe can produce the measurement of APP in the mobile device. This infrastructure has been illustrated by a sound signal acquisition task and a flexible force measurement task which are finished with an android smartphone and a probe. These examples suggest that MSS is reconfigurable, highly automatical and flexible.
文摘As one might expect, motivational theorists have attempted to explain motivation in different ways. This case study at-tempts to provide relevant evidence for the contribution of motivation in second language learning by looking at the success of Japa-nese study of an adult who learned Japanese at a later age 24, acquiring the target language over a 5-year period characterized bytotal exposure in Japan. The study shows that adult can still be successful to acquire second language if he is exposed to the envi-ronment and has strong motivation, and that the boundary of integrative motivation and instrumental motivation is not necessarilyclear-cut completely.
文摘This paper explores Chinese college students＇ motivation for learning oral English, which is normally considered as an important factor contributing to learners＇ speaking proficiency in Second Language Learning. The theoretical studies on motivation in Second Language Learning are firstly reviewed. Based on the literature review, Chinese college students＇ motivation in oral English learning is examined in terms of the Chinese context. Finally, five specific helpful strategies are put forward to facilitate students＇ optimal oral English learning.
文摘After reviewing the main theoretical researches in second/foreign language learning motivation, this paper presents a case study of motivation. In this study, a questionnaire is conducted twice among 156 college students when they are freshmen and juniors. It intends to identify some components of foreign language learning motivation and probes into the causes for the changing motivations of students throughout four-year college education. The findings suggest that instrumental motivation plays a crucial role in foreign language learning context.
