Measures and Strategic Conception of Japan to Deal with the Russia–Ukraine Crisis

After the outbreak of the Russia–Ukraine conflict, Japan wasted no time in advancing its national strategy and actively promoted shuttle diplomacy with the United States(U.S.), Europe, East Asia, and neighboring countries of Ukraine around sanctions against Russia based on strategic considerations and the goal of maximizing national interests. Japan regarded this conflict as an important opportunity for an international strategic game, in an attempt to move and overturn the postwar international order and reconstruct the new global order with the U.S., Europe, and Japan as the core countries dominating the military, science and technology, and economic spheres. In response to the crisis, Japan made a brief policy adjustment—from the initial hesitation to the imposition of active sanctions and pressure on Russia—to reverse the passive situation on the issue of the Four Northern Islands and weaken Russia’s strength. Japan also took the opportunity to promote the “China threat theory”;strengthen the quadrilateral mechanism between the U.S., Japan, India, and Australia;provoke regional confrontation;and try to gain a new Cold War dividend.

On the Road for Friendship and Cooperation:Sidelights on the Visit of Liu Hongcai,Vice President of CAFIU to Russia,Japan and Cambodia

At the invitation of Civic Chamber of Russian Federation,Junior Chamber International Japan and Civil Society Alliance Forum, Cambodia, Liu Hongcai,Deputy Chairman of Foreign Affairs Committee of Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference.

Cost-profit analysis for Japan-Russia and Japan-South Korea interconnectors

This paper describes the results of cost-profit analysis related to interconnectors for Japan-Russia and JapanSouth Korea based on the Asia International Grid Connection Study Group 2^(nd) report. The Group has been established in 2016 for conducting research on international electric power networks in Asia from the viewpoint of technology, investment and legal framework. 2^(nd) report of the Group was published in June 2018, examining the profitability of an interconnectors between Japan and neighboring countries. The Group has calculated expected profit from operation of these interconnectors.The Group has categorized interconnector business into four models from the survey of preceding and current business on grids and interconnectors. To clarify profitability, expected internal rate of return(IRR) was calculated for each business model based on estimated investment cost for each route. When interconnector is dedicated to specific power plants or suppliers and electricity can be sold at Japan wholesale market at 2016-2017 price level, positive IRR levels are expected in case that Free on Board(FOB) price lower than 7 JPY/kWh. When the investment will be covered by electricity tariff by final consumers, tariff for consumers will just slightly increase by approximately 0.1 JPY/kWh.

Route designs and cost estimation for Japan-Russia and Japan-South Korea interconnections

This paper describes route designs and cost estimation for possible interconnections between Japan-Russia and between Japan-South Korea based on the Asia International Grid Connection Study Group 2^(nd) report. The Group has conducted a desktop study to design several cable routes as possible options. To optimize the route, the group studied a wide range of open data, regarding sea depth, fishery zones, geographic condition, available transmission capacity in connecting points inside Japan and so on. The result of desktop study shows that it is possible to keep sea depth for planned routes less than 300 m and length for most of designed routes is less than 600 km. Compare to existing undersea cables in Europe, proposed routes are not challenging from technical and geological viewpoints.The study shows that investment cost range, including cost for grid enhancement inside Japan, is from around 200 bn JPY to 600 bn JPY, depending on the routes. Annualized cost range is from around 8 to 24 bn JPY(for 25-year operation), which is not so large compare to 1800 bn JPY-average annual investment in transmission infrastructure by 10 power utilities in the past 23 years.

Assessment of Ecosystems Damages Caused by Russian War against Ukraine

The question of the impact of war on ecosystems still remains secondary in the internal and external policy of states, society and the agenda of international organizations. From the point of view of losses in monetary terms, the values of ecosystem damages obtained in the work, which are a consequence of the impact of hostilities on the environment, correspond to the annual budgets of the largest countries in the world or exceed them. The presented calculations significantly exceed the known normative methods, the use of which in the conditions of war is limited in space and time. Objective difficulties associated with the uncertainty of many processes of the development of ecological systems and their reaction to the multifactorial impact of war are also significant limitations. Therefore, as part of the study, a method of assessing the impact of war on the environment is proposed, which is based on the patterns of energy flows in ecosystems from the moment it is binding by producers. This made it possible to take into account in the calculations the principle of functional integrity of the ecological system, according to which the destruction or damage of the components of a functionally whole environment will necessarily cause negative phenomena in the development of ecological systems. The results are presented in the form of real values of ecological losses in energy and monetary equivalents, as consequences of the loss of ecosystem services. As the results of the research show, the minimum amount of damage to ecosystems from Russian tanks is 43,500 USD per day. Environmental damage from Russian fighter jets has been estimated at $1.5 billion per week since the start of the war. Noise from military operations causes losses of at least 2.3 billion US dollars per year. The obtained results create prerequisites for improving the system of ensuring environmental safety at the local, state, and international levels and transferring the obtained solutions into safety-shaping practice.

World War Ⅱ Victory Allows No Distortion in the Interests of Justice and World Peace

2015 marks the 70th anniversary of the victory of the Chinese People’s War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression(1937-1945)and the World Anti-Fascist War.This year also marks the 70th anniversary of the founding of the United Nations.At this historical moment in the inheritance of the past and ushering in the future,the

Russo-Japanese Peace Treaty Negotiations And Plans For Joint Economic Activity on the Southern Kuril Islands

The article analyzes the Russo-Japanese peace treaty negotiations in 2013-2019.Despite the rapprochement in the trade,economic,political and humanitarian spheres,the territorial dispute remains an obstacle,significantly complicating bilateral ties.There remain disagreements on the sovereignty over the southern Kuril Islands,on acceptable conditions for resolving a territorial dispute,as well as on the significance of the territorial dispute for the development of bilateral relations.The plans for the implementation of joint economic activities on the southern Kuril Islands are also analyzed.It is concluded that Russia and Japan need to continue to build upon the result of rapprochement initiated by the leaders of the countries and continue negotiations on the peace treaty that will upgrade their relations.

Commemorating the 50th anniversary of the Victory of the war of Resistance against Japan

Chapter 1. Shenton mountain Battle making Great Prestige to the 129th DivisionChapter 2. A fierce fight in the Xiangtang town stricking the observating KMT Gen-erals dumbChapter 3. Rush Attack ! Surpris attack ! the 129th Division Creating A classics ofQuick attackChapter 4. Commanded by Mao Zedong, the 129th Division Rushed toward the GreatPlainChapter 5. Fallowing the Great Victory of the Xiang cheng Mountain Campaign,Casting a iarge net on the Southern Jinan Plain by the Commanders Liuand

Celiac Disease in Asia beyond the Middle East and Indian subcontinent:Epidemiological burden and diagnostic barriers

Celiac Disease(CD)had been considered uncommon in Asia for a long time.However,several studies suggested that,in the Indian subcontinent and Middle East countries,CD is present and as prevalent as in Western countries.Outside these Asian regions,the information about the epidemiology of CD is still lacking or largely incomplete for different and variable reasons.Here,we discuss the epidemiological aspects and the diagnostic barriers in several Asian regions including China,Japan,Southeast Asia and Russia/Central Asia.In some of those regions,especially Russia and Central Asia,the prevalence of CD is very likely to be underestimated.Several factors may,to a different extent,contribute to CD underdiagnosis(and,thus,underestimation of its epidemiological burden),including the poor disease awareness among physicians and/or patients,limited access to diagnostic resources,inappropriate use or interpretation of the serological tests,absence of standardized diagnostic and endoscopic protocols,and insufficient expertise in histopathological interpretation.

Why the Cold War Will Never Return to World Politics

Every serious confrontation between the United States and Russia evokes new cold war debates.The Cold War found its true meaning because it had achieved to create its own momentum within time.This question is a great test in terms of measuring the level that today’s international relations has reached:Is cold war still relevant in a global politics?The answer to be given to this question depends on whether any cold war can be maintained against all the pluralistic tendencies of international relations.It will be a negative one because the dynamics unleashed by globalization are likely to marginalize new cold war regardless of the will to wage and sustain it.For,beyond the will to wage and sustain it,the concept of cold war is a technical issue that can only exist provided that it can achieve to subordinate all the dynamics of the global politics to itself.

The Fiercest Battle of World War Ⅱ

What is unique about the Battle of Imphal during the World War II is that it was the fiercest Battle of the war.Moreover,most inhabitants of the Indian subcontinent had never heard of Imphal,the capital of Manipur.Manipur is located in a North East pocket of the country sharing an international border with Myanmar,and at the time the battle occurred,the British ruling in India was extremely interested in Burma.In this Battle known as“Japan Lan”it was the Japanese Imperial Army that were the aggressors.When they came to Manipur,the Manipuris were surprised to see them-as they had probably never encountered any Japanese,because in physical appearance they resembled one another,and because they did not know the purpose of the Japanese entry into Manipur.This paper highlights why the people of Manipur had empathy for the aggressor,and the reaction of the indigenous communities to the Japanese invasion and the Battle of Imphal.

Great Powers and Albanian National Movement （1878-1914）

The history of the Albanian national movement is closely connected with two key factors： internal development in the Albanian-populated areas in the Balkans as well as politics of the Great Powers. Berlin Congress of 1878 totally neglected interests of the Albanians. Subsequently, Treaty of Berlin became the starting point for creation of the Albanian League of Prizren （1878-1881） as well as future development of the Albanian national movement. Russia as well as other Great Powers played a controversial role in that context.

Essay on Haruki Murakami’s The Last Lawn of the Afternoon:The Shadow of America Lurking in the Everyday Order

The Last Lawn of the Afternoon is one of Haruki Murakami’s most important early short stories.In this paper,I avoid conventional arguments,focusing my analysis on the encounter between the middle-aged woman and Boku,and the work’s historical backdrop and setting instead.This reveals how Boku’s personal experience speaks to the everyday lives of Japanese citizens at the mercy of circumstances in postwar Japan under American influence and international events.It appears that Murakami attempts to convert the personal minority“memories”,lurking in the everyday order of postwar Japan,into“novels”as open collaborative storiesin his early short stories.

强制留学:抗战时期日本的中国占领区留日警察政策

抗战时期,日本政府强令中国占领区各伪政权选派警察赴内务省警察讲习所留学,各伪政权大多以刚刚成立或财政困难为由,提出不派、缓派、少派请求,但在当地日军、日本使领馆和内务省派遣人员的压力下,不得不按照日本的原定计划选派。这些留日警察的接受、教育和管理,主要由外务省文化事业部和内务省警察讲习所协商负责。日本政府的目的是培养直接服务于其殖民统治和侵略战争政策的“协力者”,但它忽略了抗战时期中国人民族国家意识的增长,最终事与愿违。

甲午战争前后王韬对日认识的变与不变

王韬作为第一代改良思想家,其对日认识的真知灼见迄今仍令人叹为观止。从明治维新到甲午战争,王韬的日本观既有时代性的变化,又有主体性的固守,他总是能够具有超强的预见能力。明治初期,他有过对日本施行近代化维新政策的赞赏;甲午战争前,在日本考察期间,他也曾对日本盲目学习西方的举动表示不可取;甲午战争后,他还预言了日本发动侵略战争的灾难性后果。王韬对民族、国家和国际危局抱有强烈的关心,在其落拓不羁的外表下,始终怀揣着可贵的政治品质——对国家的关怀和对民族的期望。王韬日本观的变化过程是对日本时局的锐意观察与精准预测,在日期间虽因家庭不幸及仕途不畅有自我放纵的表现,但是其家国情怀自始至终没有改变。

史料所见丁汝昌自尽诸家说及相应价值误判

关于丁汝昌自尽的问题,百多年来聚讼纷纭。实际上,无论是日本人《劝降书》中的巧妙预设,还是中日双方臧否不一的两极认识,也无论是研究者们动用的古今中外标准,抑或史学爱好者凭心情勾画出的丁军门像,都未能完全贴近丁汝昌自决前的心理活动和决绝一念。爬疏原始史料并弄清这一问题,对于客观面对和解释新旧时代遭遇后东亚军政人物的价值判断标准及其实效性,或有补益。

俄乌冲突中美国对乌情报支持的不对称透明研究

[研究目的]俄乌冲突中,美国对乌情报支持使乌克兰在战略、战术、战场态势感知以及通讯系统、情报收集系统、后勤保障系统等方面建立起对俄不对称透明优势,使乌克兰能够以小搏大。美国对乌情报支持形成的体系优势值得借鉴和反思。[研究方法]采用文献梳理和逻辑分析法,分析美国情报援乌的基本原则、组织体系和主要特征。[研究结论]美国对乌克兰情报全体系支持,已形成对俄不对称透明优势,俄罗斯的战略、战术、通讯、后勤和军队调动对乌处于透明状态,乌克兰的军事行动对于俄罗斯则处于半盲。我国亟需总结美国的情报体系优势,建立中国版的星链系统,强化战时通讯系统安全和战场态势感知能力,优化情报和反情报体系能力。

二十世纪三四十年代太岳区林业建设述论

太岳区是华北地区战略要地之一,同时也是重要的林区。民国前期,阎锡山政府施行“六政三事”,该区林业建设取得了一定的成效。20世纪三四十年代,受战争影响,太岳区森林资源遭到严重的破坏。为了发展生产和保护生态环境,中国共产党领导的民主政权开展了以植树造林运动为主要内容的林业建设。通过采取出台政策、广泛宣传与典型示范等革命化举措,太岳区林业建设在增加森林面积与保持水土流失等方面产生了一些效果。但是,从长远来看,该区生态环境并未得到根本性改观,经济建设与环境保护之间的关系尚待进一步调整。

抗战时期东南地区的文艺民族形式讨论

抗战时期,闽浙赣粤四省毗连的东南地区,是一块相对独立的抗战区域。发生在这一区域的文艺民族形式讨论,规模足以与以延安为中心的西北地区和以重庆、桂林为中心的西南地区的讨论鼎足而三。东南地区的文艺民族形式讨论,没有形成讨论的焦点,但形成了几个较为固定的论域,且取得了一些较为相近的意见,在“孤悬东南”“区自为战”的情况下,还形成了自己的区域性特征,做出了自己独特的贡献。