Nursing Activities at Health Surveys and Health Checkups during the Early Period of Operation of the Hiroshima ABCC—Oral History Study Based on Narratives of Three Japanese Nurses

Using an oral history approach, this study analyzed the narratives obtained from semi-structured interviews administered to three Japanese women who worked as nurses for the Hiroshima Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission (ABCC). The analysis of the data in the narratives showed details of the health surveys and health checkups conducted during the early period of operation of ABCC. During the early period of operation of ABCC some survivors showed negative behaviors toward the health surveys and health checkups at the ABCC. However, it can be inferred that dedicated nursing played an important role in alleviating the stress and emotional issues of survivors at the health surveys and health checkups. The findings of the study could be beneficial to research into nursing activities for patients exposed to radiation at the present day.

The Offbeat Writing of History-- Analysis on the Narrative Characteristics of ＂History＂ by Herodotus

＂History＂ is a historical works of reflecting the Greek and Persian Wars as the main content created by an ancient Greek historian Herodotus. As the first Greek historical masterpiece, ＂History＂ has its own unique characteristics, which mainly reflects in three aspects： the equality of narrative attitude, branch narrative structures and oral narrative styles.

Revise and Statistical Analysis of the Alien Press Errors in History of Chinese Journalism by Ko Kung-chen

Since Ko Kung-chen published History of Chinese Journalism with Shanghai Commercial Press in 1927,this work had been published by different publishing houses and reprinted many times amounting to 18 editions.There are many historical narrative and fact errors of alien press in this work,and up to date these errors are not revised.This essay aims to revise the omitted errors of alien press in History of Chinese Journalism systematically besides those corrected by other works or essays,and carry on the statistical analysis of the errors to probe new approach for the study of alien periodicals and press in China.

Representations of Contentious History Through Art:The Collective Trauma of Guernica

The question this study is attempting to address is how art can be used as a tool for promoting sustainable peace and the formation of a critical and accountable citizen.Such humanistic function of art is challenged in situations where society has been wounded as it often happens during and after the war.This study claims that challenges are fundamentally connected to the problem of historical narratives,especially those related to collective traumas,their use and role in shaping the views of the future generations.Narratives about the contentious past,and particularly collective traumas,are considered an important part of the cultural capital and collective identity of a society serving as a nation-building tool that unifies and glorifies the“in-group”.They can also serve to mobilize people along ethnic lines,which can lead to tensions and conflict.The aim of the study is to examine historical narratives and representations of the collective trauma of Guernica,the epicenter of the Basque identity and culture.The article concludes with an analysis of the artistic representations of collective trauma,such as the famous Picasso’s painting Guernica that has served to promote the message of peace by provoking critical thinking and accountability.

Fiction, Docudrama and Joumalism in the Globo Group （Grupo Globo）： A Memory of the Brazilian Military Dictatorship Directed at the General Public

From the early days of the moving image and its recordings of facts and events considered to be historical, followed by the consolidation of the classic narrative cinema grammar in the 1910s reaffirmed until today by a large part of the television production that turns to the past, without disregarding authorial aesthetic experiences produced especially since the 1920s, history has been present for over more than a century in several types of media. Movie theaters, people＇s homes and, nowadays, thanks to new media technology, any and every place are spaces for projecting historical narratives. They are both entertainment--by deploying strategies for constructing a ＂truth＂ about the past--and critical reflection, going against a belief in that possibility, in rendering explicit their nature as a language. Since all of these narratives presuppose an audience, a public, within different genres, styles and formats, with more realist overtones, more to the general public＇s taste, or anti-naturalist, in experiences for smaller audiences, it seems pertinent to discuss these issues considering that audiovisual narratives are powerful agents in constructing a memory of the past. Particularly in this text, we will examine how the most powerful communication enterprise in Brazil - Global Group - had construct a memory of the Brazilian military dictatorship （1964-1985） until 2016.

Becoming a historical thinker might be the first step for developing a consciousness of reasoned conciliation

The goal of this presentation is to examine the hypothesis that the ethno-political conflict in Israel can be utilized in history education to foster learning of historical thinking and to construct a tolerant space within the education system that will enable the structuring of in-principle criteria for coexistence prior to the ending of the conflict. I assumed that inculcation of historical knowledge in the education system in Israel by means of an attentive and reflexive cultural dialogue, which sensitively and skillfully confronts contradictory historical narratives as an everyday learning reality in class, will help structure a conciliatory consciousness of the kind we seek.

＂The Drama of the Tua Line＂, a Fictional Narrative and Literary Dialogue With the Contemporary Portuguese Railway Technology

This paper is a socio-literary approach to the book 《TUA》 COLECTANEA LITERARIA： Mem6rias do Vale e da Linha Ferrea, a collection of literary texts on the Tua centenarian railway, like the Swiss or French Alps railways, highlighting the analysis of the short story ＂The Tua Line drama＂ which builds a fictional dialogue between objects of a technological museum about the past and the future of the Tua railway, which is now disabled. It aims to focus on and discuss relations between technology and literature within its contemporary social context and to understand their complex and dynamic interrelations of interest regarding musealization. This paper will discuss the source base, methods and theory. The source base consists of literary publications appearing throughout the twentieth century. These texts, with originate from various authors, both classic and anonymous （novels, poetry, short stories, popular literature, news columns）, illustrate the action of/in the history of individuals and populations in relation to the Tua Valley, River, line and train, over the course of more than 100 years. Narratives, characters, events and episodes in various timeframes make up the set of literary fictions that provide an approximate and sensitive vision of the Tun Valley and realities around the construction, operation and closing of the railway line. Memories, identities, and historical contexts where norms, customs and social representations operate under various logics or social worlds which illustrate, by means of the fictional production of an imaginary realism, the socio-historical meaning of the Tua Valley and line. The methods employed are a longitudinal qualitative analysis of the occurrence of these themes during this period, and a socio-historical content analysis, drawing from literary studies, which aims to identify the main patterns of fictional narrative, in which sociotechnical knowledge regarding railways was packaged. The interdisciplinary analysis which is made is developed in the socio-historical framework （M. Block）, the ＂sociology of action＂ （Thevenot ＆ Boltanski）, the theory of social representations （Durkheim） and literature theory （Todorov） and aims to open other avenues of academic research on this topic.

Identity in a World of Scarcity： The Book of Eli

This paper examines the construction of identity in Hugue＇s brothers movie, The Book of Eli setting in an America post-apocalyptic world destroyed by nuclear war and environmental disasters. Economic relations in this world without time or history and without production of goods and commodities, are based on ancient practices such as barter. The goods are exchanged for goods according to the need and the currency lost its meaning before the supreme usefulness. Essential items to human life like water now have a very high value due to its complete scarcity. Eli （played by Denzel Washington） toured the United States for 30 years westward circling the wasteland leading the only existing copy of the King James version of the Bible. Then he reaches the town, which is under the control of Carnegie, the villain, whose ambition is to have the holy Bible in order to exercise power. In this world full of shortages, power belongs to the old that has the memory of the past. Texts of Giddens, Beck, Lash, Benveniste, and Marx compose the theoretical apparatus that allow understanding how to reconstruct the identity in a world in crisis, and no shortage of complete story without memory card with the movement of goods excluding currency.

Intergroup Evaluation as an Indicator of Emotional Elaboration of Collective Traumas in National Historical Narratives

In a longitudinal content analytical study, the authors explored intergroup evaluation patterns in Hungarian history school-book narratives about the so-called ＂Trianon Peace Treaty＂ in 1920 which had approved the detachment of 2/3 of Hungary＇s territory by victorious countries of the First World War. The event has meant a major national trauma that has not been elaborated to date. The study aimed to find evaluation patterns in temporally changing narrative constructions which were diagnostic to the process of emotional elaboration of the trauma. School-books released between 1920 and 2000 were included in the study, by a 10-year sampling method. Analysis was performed by NARRCAT （Narrative Categorial Content Analytical Tool）, a computerized tool for narrative psychological content analysis, which is capable for identifying complex linguistic structures of psychological relevance in large databases of narratives. Four different evaluation patterns emerged in the narratives which roughly correspond to four different historical eras in Hungary. Results show that the aggressor-victim relation between the former Entente powers and Hungary has remained a part of the narrative representation of the treaty, reflecting the identity state of collective victimhood.

Rethinking Yi’an(Medical Cases)as a Tool for Narrative Medicine in China

When narrative medicine(NM)was introduced into China,traditional Chinese medicine scholars found that the core concepts advocated by NM are manifested in Chinese yi’an.But why NM echoes with ancient Chinese yi’an?How can we better integrate NM into Chinese medical practices?To answer those questions,this article first investigates how NM establishes itself as a remedy to biomedicine by taking traditional healing models including TCM as its ideal Other.Then,the narrative traditions of both case histories and yi’an are examined respectively.This article argues that NM is searching for a lost tradition of narrative case histories,but yi’an functions as a living tradition of TCM.The Parallel Chart in NM,designed as a complement to the dehumanized hospital chart,is still based on a dichotomy of science and art and a conflictual doctor-patient model.But yi’an exemplifies the holistic and humane healthcare that NM hopes to achieve.A comparison of both genres also inspired us to rethink the genre of yi’an in NM.Thus,it is concluded that yi’an should be viewed as an epistemic genre integrating individualization and generalization,a bridge linking medicine and literature.And narrative yi’an can well serve as a tool for NM in China.It is also proposed that a thick description of yi’an be encouraged to further promote a pluralistic NM in China.

History Is the New Fashion Books that help people look at history in a more interesting way have become popular in recent years

In a world bursting with every kind of digital toy and modern convenience, many people find comfort going back in time to a simpler era. Or at least that’s what book sales suggest.

Familiar Ghosts:Imagining Lives,Re-imagining the Nation,Inventing the Future

This article focuses on novels that,located on the boundary between biography,autobiography and fiction,between detailed archival historical research and imagination,between the documentary and the speculative,seek to reconstruct the life of an ancestor of the writer-narrator to reflect on the traumas,exploitation,hopes,and desires of generations who,in their diasporas,also helped create their modern nations,or whose story challenges the exclusions on which the concept of the nation has been built.The texts discussed are Melania Mazzucco's Vita,Vona Groarke's Hereafter:The Telling Life of Ellen O'Hara,Wu Ming 2 and Antar Mohamed's Timira:Romanzo Meticcio,and Maryse Conde's Victoire,les saveurs et les mots.At their center is the negotiation between the individual truth and the relational story across generations on the one hand,and,on the other hand,the tracing of collective histories such as those of nation,of colonization,of diaspora,of internal and external displacement,of rights and emancipation(the downtrodden,the poor,women,the migrant,the refugees),of the origins of dispossession and the permanence of its effects.At the core of the narratives is also the ghostliness of the erased(from history,from memory,from citizenship),the departed(in the sense of being dead and of having traveled away),and the in-between(generic:between the historical and documentary on the one hand,and the novelistic,the fable,fantasy on the other;geographical:between countries,between places,nationalities,national affiliations;historical:across generations;racial:the mestizo,the mulatto).It is,specifically,the biofictional imagination that enables these diasporic,transnational,transracial accounts to open up the possibility of a different,liberating future,by offering the space to imagine such a future,but also by recognizing,through its explicit acknowledgement of its recourse to fictionality,that it does not aim to construct a new myth to replace historical fact,but that it invites all of us to imagine,and strive to bring into existence,a different reality.

论夯实核心素养的新方向——基于叙事的历史教学

“基于叙事的历史教学”是夯实核心素养的一个新方向,既突破传统教师讲故事的单一模式,又增加学生的叙事表现,兼具“故事性”和“探究性”的双重特征。研究认为,唯物史观、历史事件、故事时空、情节叙述、故事意义是该教学方式的基本要素。历史故事的教学作用指向核心素养的培养,历史故事的设计环节受到核心素养的约束,历史故事的教学过程导向核心素养的落实。将学生生活经验与异质经验交融是“基于叙事的历史教学”的动力和目的,培养历史学科核心素养是其内在诉求。

足球美学——一种关于接受、阐释与理性构建的身体叙事

足球是世界级的显学,其奇观性、想象性、陪伴性功能很强烈,三者合成了其审美维度。足球从一种身体游戏逐渐进化为一种审美体系,其所经历的恰是从经典身体学到口头叙事学的演进过程。足球美学一度难以在传统美学的范畴内获得认同,却极易在现代美学的体系内成为主流。中国的足球美学经历了球迷口述、跨学科交融、融入传统美学界三个阶段,其中混合了球迷感知、大历史观启示以及文化学、生物学、进化论、物种学等多学科知识能量。足球发达国家的相关研究成果,所涉及的评判理性、戏剧美学、球迷成瘾、想象力、哲学虚构、足球诗学、足球修辞学、美丽足球等议题都有很大的开拓性意义,类似的议题将足球美学导入一种虚构与真实、身体与信念、神话与图腾、审美与审丑之类的复合式文化构成体。

Continuity and Discontinuity： Narratives of the Yellow Emperor in Early Twentieth-Century History Textbooks

In the study of the origin of Chinese civilization, there has been considerable debate about the identity of the Yellow Emperor （Huangdi）. There have been two main approaches： One proposes that the memory of the Yellow Emperor was altered under the influence of nationalism in the twentieth century. The other argues that the memory has been passed down in a continuous, unaltered stream since ancient times. By examining the narratives about and images of Huangdi in history textbooks published during the early twentieth century, this article shifts the focus from Huangdi as a symbolic figure in the political world to one in which we examine his reception in the everyday world. Thus we will explore different Huangdis, taking up aspects of memory, continuity, and discontinuity.

The Study of Western Postmodern Philosophy of History in China in the Four Decades of Reform and Opening Up

In the 1960s and 1970s-as strncturalism, post-structuralism, and literary criticism seeped into history--the ＂linguistic turn＂ or ＂narrative turn,＂ leading to what is known as postmodem philosophy of history, took place in Western philosophy of history. In the past forty years of reform and opening up to the outside world, and especially in the most recent two or three decades, Chinese research on Western postmodem philosophy of history has proceeded from overall review to in-depth research, and then on to reflection, criticism, and even transcendence. Neither the rethinking of historical objectivity and rationality nor the reconstruction of convictions about historical reason can work without the profound insights or theoretical tensions of postmodern philosophy of history.

The Eastward Migration Festival:Construct the“Les Lieux de Memoire”of Yugur Society

The“Eastward Migration Festival”is an emerging festival initiated by Yugur scholars,with the collective participation of the masses,and held in some areas of the Yugur,now held four times.As it carries the collective heritage of the Yugur people,the“Eastward Migration Festival”draws on Pierre Nora’s theory of“Les Lieux de Memoire”,and explains why the“Eastward Migration Festival”activity has become the“Les Lieux de Memoire”of Yugur society from three aspects:history,symbol and narrative.

Social Work in Light of Jane Addams

Classics of literature and science may characteristically be read anew outside their time and interest area, giving birth to new insights, lane Addams is one such classic author. Her writings can be read as classic texts that educate readers in the discipline of social work, among other things. Her impact on the beginnings of modern social work is foundational. She contributed to radical changes on basis of thought, understanding, and practice in the field. Many have read her texts and written about her, resulting in multiple perspectives. The authors will highlight some relevant areas ripe to be re-examined in our time.

重写文明史

怎样建立中国话语及自主知识体系?学术界一直在奋力探索,然而效果却不甚明显,根本原因是没有找到恰当的抓手,无法做到“踏石有印,抓铁留痕”。话语是在言说中呈现的,或者说,话语最先是在对文明史(包括哲学史、文学史、艺术史、经济史、法律史、科技史等各学科史)的认知与言说、叙述和阐释中形成的。例如,中国的“春秋话语”,是孔子撰写《春秋》,从历史叙述和言说中建立起来的;同样,西方的话语权,也是从撰写世界文明史中确立的。无论是黑格尔《哲学史演讲录》对东方文明的贬低,还是雅斯贝尔斯的《历史的起源与目标》正式提出了“轴心时期”这一话语,都是在文明史的叙述和阐释中展开和形成的。然而,长期以来,“文明”概念的定义、文明观的全球输出以及文明史的书写话语权都牢牢掌握在西方学者手中,致使当下的(包括西方的和中国的)文明史书写存在严重的西方中心倾向,对东方文明,尤其是对中国文明的书写存在史实不符、歪曲贬低、盲目跟风、亦步亦趋等问题。针对这些问题提出“重写文明史”这一重大命题,是期望中国学者以文明史实为基础“重写文明史”,在重写文明史中对西方错误的文明观进行拨乱反正,对西方文明史和中国相关文明史研究中不实的书写进行有力的纠正和批判,对本土文明的世界文明级的贡献做到充分自信和自觉,在重写文明史中建设中国话语,并借助文明史重写之势,推动各个学科史知识体系的重构与话语建设。“重写文明史”是一个号召,是从文明史话语叙述、话语言说、话语阐释这个根柢上面,着手建立中国话语的一条重要路径和一个重大举措,是推进文明互鉴的时代新课题。我们期待中国学者携手国际学者,团结全世界学术界,以实事求是的作风重写文明史,重新研究文明互鉴史实,并在言说与阐释中进一步确立各个学科具有中国自主知识体系的文明观,书写符合人类历史原貌的文明史,并进一步以文明史实阐释人类命运共同体,以文明史实洞鉴国际形势百变的全球治理格局,以中国话语揭示文明互鉴演进的客观规律。

On Translation of Classical Chinese Literary Texts

Chinese classical literature is precious treasure of the world literature. In order to transmit and carry forward it, translation is an effective and necessary way, especially as the development ofglobalization and China＇s economy. This paper mainly discusses the history, difficulties, ways and skills on translation of classical Chinese literary texts in this paper.