Using smashing ridging tillage machine and smashing ridging technology invented by the authors, transformation test of saline-alkali land by smashing ridging was conducted respectively in Xinjiang and Shaanxi during 2...Using smashing ridging tillage machine and smashing ridging technology invented by the authors, transformation test of saline-alkali land by smashing ridging was conducted respectively in Xinjiang and Shaanxi during 2015 -2016. The results showed, in severe saline-alkali soil of Xin-jiang ,after growing cotton by smashing ridging, total salt in soil decreased by 31.31 %, cotton production increased by 48.80%, and salinity level declined from severe to moderate; in mild saline-alkali soil of Shaanxi, after growing summer corn by smashing ridging, total salt in soil decreased by 42.37%, corn yield increased by 34.83%, salinity degree changed from mild desalination to normal farmland ; in Ningxia, Inner Mongolia 7 Gansu ,Jilin, Henan, Hebei, and so on, smashing ridging tillage practice in different types of saline-alkali land was conducted ; according to the salt reduction and yield increase effects of saline-alkali land after smashing ridging, the development prospect of smashing ridging technique in improvement and application of saline-alkali land was proposed.展开更多
Conductive mineral nanoparticles, such as magnetite, can promote interspecies electron transfer between syntrophic partners.However, the effect of magnetite has only been inferred in intraspecific electron output. Her...Conductive mineral nanoparticles, such as magnetite, can promote interspecies electron transfer between syntrophic partners.However, the effect of magnetite has only been inferred in intraspecific electron output. Herein, a hydrogen-producing strain,namely, Clostridium bifermentans, which holds several electron output pathways, was used to study the effect of magnetite on the intraspecific electron output manner. Additionally, insulated amorphous ferrihydrite, which was used as an extracellular electron acceptor, was selected to compare with magnetite. Electrons, which were originally used to generate hydrogen, were shunted with the addition of magnetite and ferrihydrite, which resulted in the reduction of hydrogen production and accumulation of Fe(II). Interestingly, more electrons(39.7% and 53.5%) were extracted by magnetite and ferrihydrite, respectively, which led to less production of butyrate and more acetate. More importantly, the increased electron extraction efficiency suggested that electroactive microorganisms can switch metabolic pathways to adapt to electron budget pressure in intraspecific systems. This work broadens the understanding of the interaction between iron oxides and fermentative hydrogen-producing microbes that hold the capacity of Fe(III) reduction.展开更多
Increasing the trains’ speed has always been one of the goals of any railway industry and train manufacturers. Also, the influence of the train speed on bogie’s dynamics has an immense importance. Therefore, it is i...Increasing the trains’ speed has always been one of the goals of any railway industry and train manufacturers. Also, the influence of the train speed on bogie’s dynamics has an immense importance. Therefore, it is important to analyze the effect of train speed on the stress distribution in different parts of train structure. In this study the result of the increasing speed on the applied stresses of a biaxial bogie frame has been examined. For this purpose, a biaxial bogie frame has been modeled using finite element analysis. Static and dynamic forces applied on the bogie with biaxial frame have been obtained for different speeds and rail roughness. The Von Mises stresses are adopted as equivalent stresses in the strength calculation. The results show that maximum stress always has been induced in the bogie bowl also the increase in bogie’s speed has remarkable effect on the increment of applied stresses in the bogie frame.展开更多
Platinum catalyst gauzes have been in use since the moment of development of the process of catalyst oxidation of ammonia for production of nitric acid or hydrocyanic acid.Catalyst gauzes are usually made of platinum ...Platinum catalyst gauzes have been in use since the moment of development of the process of catalyst oxidation of ammonia for production of nitric acid or hydrocyanic acid.Catalyst gauzes are usually made of platinum or its alloys with rhodium and palladium.These precious metals have remarkable properties that make them ideal catalysts for acceleration of the ammonia/oxygen reaction.In 2008,OJSC "SIC 'Supermetal'" and Umicore AG&Co.KG launched a production line for Pt-alloy-based catalyst systems to be used for ammonia oxidation in the production of weak nitric acid.Catalyst systems consist of a pack of catalyst gauzes and a pack of catchment gauzes,which are made using flat-bed knitting machines and wire-cloth looms.Today,up-to-date catalyst systems MKSprecise TM are being manufactured,the basic advantages of which are an individual structure of gauzes and composition of the material,which allows to define precisely the position of each gauze in the catalyst pack,a high activity of the catalyst pack,direct catching of platinum and rhodium in the catalyst system,and a reasonable combination of single-and multilayer types of gauzes.This makes it possible to vary the configuration of the catalyst and select an optimum composition of the system to ensure the maximum efficiency of the ammonia oxidation process.We also produce the catchment systems that allow to find the best decision from the economic point view for each individual case.展开更多
In the SILER （Seismic-Initiated events risk mitigation in LEad-cooled Reactors） Project, it is interesting to apply seismic isolation technology for the reactor assembly of the fixed base reactor building for ADS （...In the SILER （Seismic-Initiated events risk mitigation in LEad-cooled Reactors） Project, it is interesting to apply seismic isolation technology for the reactor assembly of the fixed base reactor building for ADS （Acceleration Driven System） heavy liquid reactor MYRRHA （Multipurpose Hybrid Research Reactor for High-Tech Application） which contains the most critical safety related components, such as reactor vessel, safe shutdown and control rod mechanisms, primary heat exchangers, primary pumps, spoliation target assembly and fuel assemblies, etc. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the possibility of an application of a partial seismic isolation to the safety critical components only, here, the reactor assembly. This paper presents the preliminary analysis results of the isolated reactor assembly and compares these with those of seismic isolated ADS reactor building. The analysis results show the reduction of the seismic acceleration response but the increase of the relative displacement for the reactor assembly. Some safety issues, especially, coolant＇s incapable covering the reactor core make difficult to apply for the partial seismic isolation of the ADS reactor assembly due to large relative displacement occurring the partial isolation system. Further study on the partial seismic isolation application of the critical safety components are also discussed.展开更多
病虫害统防统治能带动农药大面积减量增效,对推进农业高质量发展具有重要意义。基于福建省与浙江省530户茶叶种植户的微观调查数据,采用内生转换模型实证分析了茶农采纳统防统治对农药使用行为的影响及其作用机制。研究结果表明:(1)茶...病虫害统防统治能带动农药大面积减量增效,对推进农业高质量发展具有重要意义。基于福建省与浙江省530户茶叶种植户的微观调查数据,采用内生转换模型实证分析了茶农采纳统防统治对农药使用行为的影响及其作用机制。研究结果表明:(1)茶农统防统治的采纳受到不同因素的影响,茶农年龄越小、身体健康状况越差,越偏好风险和越倾向于采纳统防统治。(2)统防统治的采纳能够显著减少茶农的农药使用量。若已采纳统防统治的茶农不采纳统防统治,每667 m 2的平均农药支出将会增加31.02%;若未采纳统防统治的茶农采纳统防统治,其每667 m 2的平均农药支出将会下降12.32%。(3)统防统治的采纳能够显著增加茶农的收入。若采纳统防统治的茶农不采纳统防统治,其家庭年人均总收入将下降59.23%;若未采纳统防统治的茶农能够采纳统防统治,其家庭年人均总收入将增加32.60%。研究结论对农户采纳统防统治、实现农药减量、推动现代农业绿色高质量发展、实现农户增收具有重要意义。展开更多
基金Supported by National Science and Technology Support Program(2014BAD06B05)
文摘Using smashing ridging tillage machine and smashing ridging technology invented by the authors, transformation test of saline-alkali land by smashing ridging was conducted respectively in Xinjiang and Shaanxi during 2015 -2016. The results showed, in severe saline-alkali soil of Xin-jiang ,after growing cotton by smashing ridging, total salt in soil decreased by 31.31 %, cotton production increased by 48.80%, and salinity level declined from severe to moderate; in mild saline-alkali soil of Shaanxi, after growing summer corn by smashing ridging, total salt in soil decreased by 42.37%, corn yield increased by 34.83%, salinity degree changed from mild desalination to normal farmland ; in Ningxia, Inner Mongolia 7 Gansu ,Jilin, Henan, Hebei, and so on, smashing ridging tillage practice in different types of saline-alkali land was conducted ; according to the salt reduction and yield increase effects of saline-alkali land after smashing ridging, the development prospect of smashing ridging technique in improvement and application of saline-alkali land was proposed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.91751112,41573071,41703075,41807325)the Senior User Project of RV KEXUE(Grant No.KEXUE2018G01)+2 种基金the Key Research Project of Frontier Science(Grant No.QYZDJ-SSW-DQC015)of the Chinese Academy of Sciencesthe Natural Science Foundation(Grant Nos.JQ201608,ZR2016DQ12)the Young Taishan Scholars Program(Grant No.tsqn20161054)of Shandong Province
文摘Conductive mineral nanoparticles, such as magnetite, can promote interspecies electron transfer between syntrophic partners.However, the effect of magnetite has only been inferred in intraspecific electron output. Herein, a hydrogen-producing strain,namely, Clostridium bifermentans, which holds several electron output pathways, was used to study the effect of magnetite on the intraspecific electron output manner. Additionally, insulated amorphous ferrihydrite, which was used as an extracellular electron acceptor, was selected to compare with magnetite. Electrons, which were originally used to generate hydrogen, were shunted with the addition of magnetite and ferrihydrite, which resulted in the reduction of hydrogen production and accumulation of Fe(II). Interestingly, more electrons(39.7% and 53.5%) were extracted by magnetite and ferrihydrite, respectively, which led to less production of butyrate and more acetate. More importantly, the increased electron extraction efficiency suggested that electroactive microorganisms can switch metabolic pathways to adapt to electron budget pressure in intraspecific systems. This work broadens the understanding of the interaction between iron oxides and fermentative hydrogen-producing microbes that hold the capacity of Fe(III) reduction.
文摘Increasing the trains’ speed has always been one of the goals of any railway industry and train manufacturers. Also, the influence of the train speed on bogie’s dynamics has an immense importance. Therefore, it is important to analyze the effect of train speed on the stress distribution in different parts of train structure. In this study the result of the increasing speed on the applied stresses of a biaxial bogie frame has been examined. For this purpose, a biaxial bogie frame has been modeled using finite element analysis. Static and dynamic forces applied on the bogie with biaxial frame have been obtained for different speeds and rail roughness. The Von Mises stresses are adopted as equivalent stresses in the strength calculation. The results show that maximum stress always has been induced in the bogie bowl also the increase in bogie’s speed has remarkable effect on the increment of applied stresses in the bogie frame.
文摘Platinum catalyst gauzes have been in use since the moment of development of the process of catalyst oxidation of ammonia for production of nitric acid or hydrocyanic acid.Catalyst gauzes are usually made of platinum or its alloys with rhodium and palladium.These precious metals have remarkable properties that make them ideal catalysts for acceleration of the ammonia/oxygen reaction.In 2008,OJSC "SIC 'Supermetal'" and Umicore AG&Co.KG launched a production line for Pt-alloy-based catalyst systems to be used for ammonia oxidation in the production of weak nitric acid.Catalyst systems consist of a pack of catalyst gauzes and a pack of catchment gauzes,which are made using flat-bed knitting machines and wire-cloth looms.Today,up-to-date catalyst systems MKSprecise TM are being manufactured,the basic advantages of which are an individual structure of gauzes and composition of the material,which allows to define precisely the position of each gauze in the catalyst pack,a high activity of the catalyst pack,direct catching of platinum and rhodium in the catalyst system,and a reasonable combination of single-and multilayer types of gauzes.This makes it possible to vary the configuration of the catalyst and select an optimum composition of the system to ensure the maximum efficiency of the ammonia oxidation process.We also produce the catchment systems that allow to find the best decision from the economic point view for each individual case.
文摘In the SILER （Seismic-Initiated events risk mitigation in LEad-cooled Reactors） Project, it is interesting to apply seismic isolation technology for the reactor assembly of the fixed base reactor building for ADS （Acceleration Driven System） heavy liquid reactor MYRRHA （Multipurpose Hybrid Research Reactor for High-Tech Application） which contains the most critical safety related components, such as reactor vessel, safe shutdown and control rod mechanisms, primary heat exchangers, primary pumps, spoliation target assembly and fuel assemblies, etc. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the possibility of an application of a partial seismic isolation to the safety critical components only, here, the reactor assembly. This paper presents the preliminary analysis results of the isolated reactor assembly and compares these with those of seismic isolated ADS reactor building. The analysis results show the reduction of the seismic acceleration response but the increase of the relative displacement for the reactor assembly. Some safety issues, especially, coolant＇s incapable covering the reactor core make difficult to apply for the partial seismic isolation of the ADS reactor assembly due to large relative displacement occurring the partial isolation system. Further study on the partial seismic isolation application of the critical safety components are also discussed.
文摘病虫害统防统治能带动农药大面积减量增效,对推进农业高质量发展具有重要意义。基于福建省与浙江省530户茶叶种植户的微观调查数据,采用内生转换模型实证分析了茶农采纳统防统治对农药使用行为的影响及其作用机制。研究结果表明:(1)茶农统防统治的采纳受到不同因素的影响,茶农年龄越小、身体健康状况越差,越偏好风险和越倾向于采纳统防统治。(2)统防统治的采纳能够显著减少茶农的农药使用量。若已采纳统防统治的茶农不采纳统防统治,每667 m 2的平均农药支出将会增加31.02%;若未采纳统防统治的茶农采纳统防统治,其每667 m 2的平均农药支出将会下降12.32%。(3)统防统治的采纳能够显著增加茶农的收入。若采纳统防统治的茶农不采纳统防统治,其家庭年人均总收入将下降59.23%;若未采纳统防统治的茶农能够采纳统防统治,其家庭年人均总收入将增加32.60%。研究结论对农户采纳统防统治、实现农药减量、推动现代农业绿色高质量发展、实现农户增收具有重要意义。
