Study on the Influence of Informal institution on Rural Legal Construction in Northwest Ethnic Minority Region

The Informal institution in Northwest Ethnic Minority Region has dual effects on rural legal construction. In the process of rural legal construction,it can make up for the defects of formal institution to reduce the cost of legal construction,and increase benefit. It also has negative influence on social function,and can't be conducive to the social stability,development and harmony. Civil law is to be more valued,thus avoiding and hampering the implementation of national laws and even covering the operation of national laws,so it is impossible to achieve rule of law. The coordinated development of Informal institution and socio-economic development in Northwest Ethnic Minority Region will contribute to stable and harmonious social development in Northwest Region.

THE REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN A MULTI-CULTURAL BACKGROUND──The Studies of Minority Regions in the Western China

China is a country with many nationalities. Each of them has formed its own special culture, which is different from the mainstream of majority Han nationality, by adapting to geo-environment during history. Due to different backgrounds, the regional developmental model of minorities in the western China is different from the Han nationality and western countries. Combining a knowledge-based civilization and sustainable development, the minority areas can seek the systematic integration of culture-economy-ecology. Based on this, the paper suggests that the minority areas in western China should take the way of emphasizing developmental quality rather than developmental quantity for a harmonious system of culture-economy-ecology. Some approaches for developing minority areas in western China have been put foreword.

Protection and Utilization of Cultural Landscape in a Forest Park in Ethnic Minority Region ——With a Case of Zhangjiajie

Presently, more and more attention is paid to cultural landscapes by peo-ple at travel ing, especial y for folk culture in ethnic minority regions where rich hu-man landscapes could be ful y made use of to improve landscape quality. In the research, cultural landscapes in Zhangjiajie National Forest Park were surveyed and evaluated to analyze characters of cultural utilization, as wel as problems existing in the Park. In addition, highlights were given to protection on cultural landscapes in a forest park construction, presentation of ethnic minority culture, and ful development of tourism products.

Spatial differentiation pattern of interregional migration in ethnic minority areas of Yunnan Province, China

Interregional migration has broad and far-reaching impacts on regional urbanization process in ethnic minority areas of Southwest China.The previous literature of interregional migration paid less attention on the ethnic minority areas with fragile geographical feature and marginal socio-economic context in the developing world due to the dearth of reliable data.Based on the 2015 national 1%population sampling survey at the village/community scale,taking Yulong Naxi Autonomous County,Yunnan Province,China as the case study,this paper analyzed the spatial differentiation pattern.The results showed that:(1)migration in Yulong Naxi Autonomous County exhibited obvious spatial differentiation characteristics in terms of population aggregation,population loss,migration direction,and migration activity;(2)the overall spatial differentiation of migration exhibited a"layer+sector"pattern in Yulong Naxi Autonomous County:the first layer was active areas with net inflows(<20 km from the seat of the county government),the second layer was inactive areas(within 20–60 km of the seat of the county government),and the third layer was a mixed"layer+sector"zone(>60 km to the seat of the county government),comprised of inactive areas and active areas with net outflows;(3)the spatial differentiation pattern of migration was highly correlated with the regional contexts including the regional economic development,regional transportation accessibility and regional social development,while regional physical geographical factors had insignificant relationships with the migration pattern.

Influence of Urbanization on Growth of Rural Residents' Consumption in Western Ethnic Minority Areas of China

To make clear the relation between urbanization and growth of rural resident consumption in western ethnic minority areas of China,this paper selected cross-sectional area of 12 provinces( cities) in western ethnic minority areas in 2005- 2013 and made an empirical analysis through building panel data of influence of urbanization on rural resident consumption. Results indicate that there is positive correlation between urbanization and rural resident consumption growth in western ethnic minority areas. Urbanization increases income level of rural residents,strengthens demonstration effect of urban residents on rural resident consumption,and accordingly promotes rural resident consumption growth in western ethnic minority areas. Therefore,it is required to accelerate urbanization development,expand channels of increasing farmers' income,improve resident consumption environment,and bring into play promotion function of counties,to drive rural resident consumption growth in western ethnic minority areas.

Demand of Rural Public Goods in Western Ethnic Minority Areas

In the context of Development of the West Regions and the construction of new countryside,on the basis of defining the concept of public goods,this article analyzes the status quo and layers of demand of rural public goods in western ethnic minority areas:the demand of rural public goods in ethnic minority areas shows "pyramid" structure,that is,the most basic layer is production-based rural public goods,followed by life-based rural public goods and democratic-management-based rural public goods.Finally the countermeasures for achieving effective demand of rural public goods are put forward as follows:adhere to customers(farmers)-oriented principle;innovate upon the rural residents' demand expression mechanism of public goods in ethnic minority areas;achieve diversification of supply subject of rural public goods in ethnic minority areas.

Development in China's Ethnic Minority Regions:Progress, Inadequacies and Solutions

Since the dawn of the new era, significant progress has been made in the economic, political, cultural, social and ecological development of China's ethnic minority regions under the strategy to "build a moderately prosperous society in all respects,deepen reform, implement the rule of law, and strengthen Party discipline." Nevertheless,in order to fully satisfy the growing needs of people in ethnic minority regions, China must continuously promote endogenous development, rural income growth, skills training,urbanization, poverty reduction effectiveness, social governance and the common values of the Chinese nation, and address the issues related to imbalanced and insufficient development. In light of China's goal to complete the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects for people of all ethnic groups and regions, this paper raises policy recommendations to enhance skills training and vocational education, promote fair access to basic public services, enhance targeted poverty reduction in deeply poor regions, create a public cultural service system involving diverse stakeholders, increase the fairness of ethnic policy for people of different ethnic groups and regions, and balance the relationship between ecological protection and economic development in ethnic minority regions.

The Status Quo, Opportunity and Approach——the Development of Ethnic Minorities in the Context of the Belt and Road Initiative

Currently, China is advancing the Belt and Road Initiative, which creates a new opportunity of historical significance and provides guidance for the economic and social development of ethnic minority communities(particularly those in western China). Under the new historical conditions, it is necessary to innovate and improve China's regional aid policies and regional development strategies such as the "pairing assistance" and the Western Development, and organically combine them with the Belt and Road Initiative. In the meantime, China should revolve tightly around the internal and external "connectivity," and give full play to the functions of the "pairing assistance" policy and the "Western Development" strategy in a bid to boost the ethnic development of contemporary China within the framework of the Belt and Road Initiative.

Regional Autonomy of China's Ethnic Minorities

The aggregate population of ethnic minorities has never accounted for more than 9 percent of China’s total, currently approaching 1.3 billion. Yet their development and prosperity have always been high on the agenda of the leaders of the People’s Republic. One of the first things Chinese leaders did after New China was founded in 1949 was to conduct large-scale studies to identify the country’s ethnic groups and name them properly, based on scientific

Lessons on malaria control in the ethnic minority regions in Northern Myanmar along the China border, 2007–2014

Background:For many countries where malaria is endemic,the burden of malaria is high in border regions.In ethnic minority areas along the Myanmar-China border,residents have poor access to medical care for diagnosis and treatment,and there have been many malaria outbreaks in such areas.Since 2007,with the support of the Global Fund to Fight AIDS,Tuberculosis and Malaria(GFATM),a malaria control project was introduced to reduce the malaria burden in several ethnic minority regions.Methods:A malaria control network was established during the period from 2007 to 2014.Multiple malaria interventions,including diagnosis,treatment,distribution of LLINs and health education,were conducted to improve the accessibility and quality of malaria control services for local residents.Annual cross-sectional surveys were conducted to evaluate intervention coverage and indicators of malaria transmission.Results:In ethnic minority regions where a malaria control network was established,both the annual malaria incidence(19.1 per thousand per year,in 2009;8.7,in 2014)and malaria prevalence(13.6%in 2008;0.43%in 2014)decreased dramatically during the past 5–6 years.A total of 851393 febrile patients were detected,202598 malaria cases(including confirmed cases and suspected cases)were treated,and 759574 LLINs were delivered to populations at risk.Of households in 2012,73.9%had at least one ITNs/LLINs(vs.28.3%,in 2008),and 50.7%of children less than 5 years and 50.3%of pregnant women slept under LLINs the night prior to their visit.Additionally,malaria knowledge was improved in 68.4%of residents.Conclusion:There has been great success in improving malaria control in these regions from 2007 to 2014.Malaria burdens have decreased,especially in KOK and WA.The continued maintenance of sustainable malaria control networks in these regions may be a long-term process,due to regional conflicts and the lack of funds,technology,and health workers.Furthermore,information and scientific support from the international community should be offered to these ethnic minority regions to uphold recent achievements.

脱贫民族地区韧性乡村建设:逻辑、测度与进路

基于脱贫民族地区乡村社会所处的战略意境、风险环境和问题情境,以生计韧性、产业韧性、生态韧性、文化韧性、组织韧性五大要素构建韧性乡村评价体系,并运用熵值法、多因素综合评价法对2011—2020年大湘西地区韧性乡村建设水平进行综合测度。研究发现:样本地区韧性乡村建设水平持续提升并呈现阶段性特征,“十三五”时期提升幅度较为显著;各维度韧性贡献力呈不均衡发展趋势且建设水平差异明显,文化韧性、生计韧性和产业韧性是推动韧性乡村建设水平持续提升的主要动力源泉;空间分异特征显著,总体呈现出以“芷江侗族自治县-中方县-溆浦县”一线为分界线且南高北低的空间分布格局。脱贫民族地区应厚植内生性韧性治理理念,构筑高质量韧性乡村要素体系,完善多元化韧性乡村系统功能,打造一体化韧性乡村空间协同机制,促进韧性乡村建设向更高层次、更高水平和更高质量迈进。

数字金融发展提升“两山”转化水平了吗?——来自西部民族地区的经验证据

在数字经济的大背景下,利用数字金融打破“资源诅咒”效应,提升西部民族地区“两山”转化水平,将“生态高地”转变为“经济高地”,对于实现全体人民共同富裕至关重要。本文利用2011—2020年我国西部民族地区省际面板数据,实证考察了数字金融发展对“两山”转化水平的影响和作用机制。基准回归结果表明,数字金融发展显著提升了我国西部民族地区“两山”转化水平。从分项指标来看,数字金融发展对“金山银山”的提升作用显著大于其对“绿水青山”的影响。异质性分析结果表明,在市场一体化程度更深、人力资本水平更高和资源禀赋更好的地区,数字金融发展对“两山”转化水平的提升作用更明显。机制分析结果表明,数字金融发展可以通过提高技术创新能力和促进产业结构优化升级提升“两山”转化水平。本文的研究为进一步提升我国西部民族地区“两山”转化水平,实现全体人民共同富裕提供了决策参考。

明清民国时期茶叶在边疆少数民族地区的传播研究

西藏等边疆少数民族人民“恃茶”行为的生成,与茶对身体的保健疗救作用密不可分,这种身体的习惯是唐代以来中原王朝以“茶”羁縻诸番的基础,亦是民间茶马贸易由来已久的重要成因。明清民国时期,一方面,“茶”以其特殊的物质及精神内涵被上层阶级塑造成不可或缺之物和代表上流生活的文化意象,引起了民间的追慕和效仿。统治阶级便以茶为契机,较为委婉与和缓地实施其政治与经济上的羁縻意图,在一定程度上减轻了权力直接席卷而来时带来的激烈冲突,有利于加强不同民族、不同地区间的交流与发展;另一方面,普通民众又依据身体及日常生活的需要对茶的使用与传播进行了改造与扩展,进一步丰富了茶文化的精神内涵。

湖南民族地区乡村旅游驱动乡村振兴的内在机理与发展策略

依托民族地区的资源优势,加快湖南民族地区乡村旅游发展,是助力乡村振兴的重要抓手。湖南民族地区乡村旅游驱动乡村振兴还存在一定困境,商业化趋势过于明显,乡村旅游品牌不突出,旅游从业者素质不高,与其他政策衔接不紧密。需要挖掘地域特色,赋能产业振兴,构建特色品牌,提升旅游效益,加强人员培训,优化服务水平,强化政策衔接,优化制度保障。以此达到乡村旅游驱动乡村产业兴旺、生态宜居、乡村治理、乡风文明和生活富裕的目的,建设民族地区乡村振兴示范区。

桂西少数民族文献阅读推广工作实践研究--基于河池、百色、崇左三市公共图书馆的调查

文章在借鉴国内成功经验及学界最新理论成果的基础上,通过文献梳理、问卷调查、电话访谈等方式,系统地研究桂西河池、百色、崇左三市少数民族文献及当地31家公共图书馆对此展开的一系列阅读推广工作,分析总结阅读推广实践工作现状及困难,提出桂西公共图书馆应从制定规范统一的划分标准、加强多方面合作、大力培养专业技术人才、加大宣传力度、创新推广形式等方面努力开展好民族文献阅读推广工作。该项研究在理论方面有助于进一步充实和丰富民族文献阅读推广、少数民族文化传承与创新等知识内容,也为促进图书馆阅读推广工作提供科学的理论和方法依据。

少数民族地区非遗保护的地方立法研究(一)——必要性与可行性

少数民族地区的非物质文化遗产不仅是民族历史文化和精神特质传承的载体,也是开发文旅产业的宝贵资源。《中华人民共和国非物质文化遗产法》的颁布,为少数民族地区非遗的保护传承和开发利用提供了制度指引,而少数民族非遗保护与传承所面临的困难、少数民族非遗的多样性和差异性特征以及少数民族地区对非遗进行开发利用的期望则彰显了在国家非遗法框架下以少数民族地区自治立法推进非遗工作的必然性。这样的立法具有上位法的制度空间、也有大量先行实践的立法先例、更有非遗保护的实践经验作为参考,具有切实的可行性。

我国民族八省区旅游发展与区域韧性耦合协调关系研究

文章以2010-2020年我国民族八省区经济、社会、生态、旅游的相关指标数据建立旅游发展与区域韧性综合评价体系,利用耦合协调度模型分析了民族八省区旅游发展与区域韧性的耦合协调关系,并利用障碍度模型探索了影响其耦合协调发展的障碍因子。研究结果表明:(1)民族八省区旅游发展水平逐年上升,各省区旅游发展综合值大致相近,且均在2019年达到峰值;(2)民族八省区的经济韧性、社会韧性、生态韧性逐年上升,且社会韧性增长速度高于经济韧性和生态韧性;(3)民族八省区旅游发展与经济韧性、社会韧性、生态韧性的耦合协调度整体呈上升趋势,经济韧性和社会韧性是旅游与区域韧性耦合协调发展的主要障碍。基于此,我国民族八省区应积极发展第三产业、优化和调整产业结构,大力发展社会经济、努力提高就业率,积极推动绿色产业和绿色经济发展、加强环保建设,依托自身地质资源和环境优势努力发展旅游产业、打造完整的旅游产业链。

少数民族教师国家通用语职业应用能力培训中学习共同体建构研究

当前,提升我国民族地区少数民族教师的国家通用语职业应用能力亟待一条系统化、可操作的实践路径支持。针对当前少数民族教师在国家通用语职业应用能力上的不足,在培训中以学科为依托构建学习共同体是一条可行的路径。具体包括培训前期的测评与分班、创设真实情境、提升学科专家语言训练能力、评估学习效果、强化情感纽带、建立契约与责任机制等。基于内容的语言学习理念,通过线上线下相结合的模式,强调学科内容与语言学习的深度融合,旨在通过系统化的机制和持续的支持,全面提升我国少数民族教师的国家通用语职业应用能力。

云南边疆少数民族地区文化安全体系构建研究

云南边疆民族地区文化安全具有复杂性和特殊性。西南民族地区面临文化安全的法治体系不完善、境外势力针对性渗透加剧、文化安全外部环境风险上升、宗教势力影响不断扩张、民族文化产业发展不充分等诸多威胁风险,严重侵蚀腐化我国主流文化地位。美西方文化帝国主义和文化霸权是文化安全威胁的根源,必须自觉把地区文化安全工作放到国家文化安全大局中谋划,建立“国家安全综合体”和文化安全风险管控体系,充分调动全民参与文化安全建设,铸牢中华民族共同体意识思想根基,增强“五个认同”,构建完善的“国门教育”体系,壮大民族文化产业体系,繁荣网络文化,丰富边疆民族地区公共文化服务供给,巩固和拓展国家文化安全的国际空间,打好跨境文化安全主动战。

西南少数民族边棱音管乐器定名习惯探讨

一套逻辑严密、指向明确、标准统一的乐器定名原则对于少数民族乐器研究具有至关重要的意义。西南少数民族边棱音管乐器的定名习惯,主要可以分为民间习俗定名、专有名词定名、民族语言释义定名三大类。其中,专有名词定名类中又包含语言昵称类、演奏方式类、乐器形制类。总体上看,西南少数民族边棱音管乐器的定名习惯呈现出多样化的特点。作者根据田野实践,总结乐器定名习惯与分类结果,对方言语调与演奏方式对乐器称谓的影响进行阐释,认为西南少数民族边棱音管乐器定名习惯具有随意性较强的特点。