Formation of Water Quality of Surface Water Bodies Used in the Material Processing

In the process of production or processing of materials by various methods,there is a need for a large volume of water of the required quality.Today in many regions of the world,there is an acute problem of providing industry with water of a required quality.Its solution is an urgent and difficult task.The water quality of surface water bodies is formed by a combination of a large number of both natural and anthropogenic factors,and is often significantly heterogeneous not only in the water area,but also in depth.As a rule,the water supply of large industrial enterprises is located along the river network.Mergers are the most important nodes of river systems.Understanding the mechanism of transport of pollutants at the confluence of rivers is critical for assessing water quality.In recent years,thanks to the data of satellite images,the interest of researchers in the phenomenon of mixing the waters of merging rivers has increased.The nature of the merger is influenced by the formation of transverse circulation.Within the framework of this work,a study of vorticity,as well as the width of the mixing zone,depending on the distance from the confluence,the speeds of the merging rivers and the angle of confluence was carried out.Since the consumer properties of water are largely determined by its chemical and physical indicators,the intensity of mixing,determined largely by the nature of the secondary circulation,is of fundamental importance for assessing the distribution of hydrochemical indicators of water quality in the mixing zone.These characteristics are important not only for organizing water intake for drinking and technical purposes with the best consumer properties,but also for organizing an effective monitoring system for confluence zones.

Quality Management Research on the Purchasing of Food Processing Enterprises

In order to improve the purchased goods quality management level of food processing enterprises, the causes of quality management problems were ana- lyzed, which were classified into four categories, namely, natural toxins in raw ma- terials, quality problems in planting and breeding, quality problems in transportation, quality problems in delivery acceptance. Then, based on the causes, eight measures to improve goods purchasing management were put forward, and graphs were used to illustrate the corresponding countermeasure to each cause. This study is of theo- retical significance for the food processing enterprises to improve the quality man- agement of purchased goods through formulating improvement measures based on their operating states.

Quality prediction of batch process using the global-local discriminant analysis based Gaussian process regression model

The conventional single model strategy may be ill- suited due to the multiplicity of operation phases and system uncertainty. A novel global-local discriminant analysis （GLDA） based Gaussian process regression （GPR） approach is developed for the quality prediction of nonlinear and multiphase batch processes. After the collected data is preprocessed through batchwise unfolding, the hidden Markov model （HMM） is applied to identify different operation phases. A GLDA algorithm is also presented to extract the appropriate process variables highly correlated with the quality variables, decreasing the complexity of modeling. Besides, the multiple local GPR models are built in the reduced- dimensional space for all the identified operation phases. Furthermore, the HMM-based state estimation is used to classify each measurement sample of a test batch into a corresponding phase with the maximal likelihood estimation. Therefore, the local GPR model with respect to specific phase is selected for online prediction. The effectiveness of the proposed prediction approach is demonstrated through the multiphase penicillin fermentation process. The comparison results show that the proposed GLDA-GPR approach is superior to the regular GPR model and the GPR based on HMM （HMM-GPR） model.

Combined Insights from Leachate Structure and Microstructure Characteristics for Eating Quality of Convenience Rice Processed by Super-Heated and Pressurized Steam Technologies

Convenience rice has become widely popular due to its easy availability for cooking. This study investigated the starch structure and composition of leachate and the microstructure of reheated convenience rice using novel processing technologies: super-heated steaming(SHS), auto-electric cooking(AEC), and pressurized-steam cooking(PSC). Additionally, the effect of two different target water contents(58% and 63%) was also evaluated. The PSC_63% sample had the highest total solids and amylopectin amount in the leachate. The amylopectin amount in the leachate differed significantly based on the targeted water content. Morphological characterization revealed that the swelling of starch and the coated layer on the surface of rice grains were most pronounced in the PSC_63% sample due to the pressure processing. The textural hardness of the AEC_58% sample was much higher than that of the other samples. The PSC_63% sample had the highest textural adhesiveness value, which can be attributed to the highest amylopectin amount in the leachate. Sensory characterization showed that the PSC_63% sample had the highest glossiness, whiteness, moistness, and overall acceptability. The principal component analysis score plots presented substantial differences in the leachate and textural and sensory characteristics of reheated convenience rice among the different processing technologies.

The meat of the matter: plant-based meat analogue versus traditional meat product nutritional quality

Plant-based meat analogues(PBMA)are formulated to mimic the sensory characteristics of traditional meat products(TMP)using vegetarian ingredients and are increasingly popular with the trend towards plantbased diets,even among meat-eating consumers.This narrative review compared the nutritional quality of PBMA and TMP to broaden the discussion on the suitability of simulated meat products to substitute TMP,while exploring other attributes for their comparison.The complexity of PBMA and TMP means they are not entirely interchangeable.Importantly,PBMA health effects extend beyond their basic nutrient content and quality.Postprandial metabolism and satiety,for example,can be affected by product formulation,ingredient interactions,and thermomechanical processing involved in producing organoleptically acceptable PBMA.There are specific opportunities for low-sodium PBMA products to contribute to a healthy shift toward plantbased diets.In conclusion,PBMA cannot be assumed to be healthier than TMP.They should be designed with comprehensive consideration of composition and processing to ensure they support consumers who are adopting plant-based diets in realizing the theoretical health benefits.

Study Progress Analysis of Effluent Quality Prediction in Activated Sludge Process Based on CiteSpace

In this paper, CiteSpace, a bibliometrics software, was adopted to collect research papers published on the Web of Science, which are relevant to biological model and effluent quality prediction in activated sludge process in the wastewater treatment. By the way of trend map, keyword knowledge map, and co-cited knowledge map, specific visualization analysis and identification of the authors, institutions and regions were concluded. Furthermore, the topics and hotspots of water quality prediction in activated sludge process through the literature-co-citation-based cluster analysis and literature citation burst analysis were also determined, which not only reflected the historical evolution progress to a certain extent, but also provided the direction and insight of the knowledge structure of water quality prediction and activated sludge process for future research.

Research on the prognostic value of adjusting intraperitoneal threedimensional quality evaluation mode in laparoscopic cholecystectomy patients

BACKGROUND Benign gallbladder diseases have become a high-prevalence condition not only in China but also worldwide.The main types of benign gallbladder diseases include gallbladder polyps,acute and chronic cholecystitis,and gallstones,with gallstones being the most common,accounting for over 70%of cases.Although the mortality rate of benign gallbladder diseases is low,they carry obvious potential risks.Studies have shown that an increased incidence of benign gallbladder diseases can increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases and gallbladder cancer,resulting in a substantial disease burden on patients and their families.AIM To assess the medical utility of the Configuration-Procedure-Consequence(CPC)three-dimensional quality evaluation model in modulating the prognosis of laparoscopic cholecystectomy patients.METHODS A total of 98 patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy in our hospital from February 2020 to January 2022 were selected as the subjects.According to the random number table method,they were divided into a study group and a control group,with 49 patients in each group.The control group received routine perioperative care,while the study group had the addition of the CPC three-dimensional quality evaluation.The postoperative recovery-related indicators(time to first flatus,time to oral intake,time to ambulation,hospital stay),stress indicators(cortisol and adrenaline levels),distinctions in anxiety and RESULTS The time to first flatus,time to oral intake,time to ambulation,and hospital stay of the study group patients were obviously lower than those of the control group patients,with statistical significance(P<0.05).On the 1st day after admission,there were no obvious distinctions in cortisol and adrenaline levels in blood samples,as well as in the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale(SAS)and Self-Rating Depression Scale(SDS)scores between the study group and the control group(P>0.05).However,on the 3rd day after surgery,the cortisol and adrenaline levels,as well as SAS and SDS scores of the study group patients,were obviously lower than those of the control group patients(P<0.05).The study group had 2 cases of incisional infection and 1 case of pulmonary infection,with a total incidence of complications of 6.12%(3/49),which was obviously lower than the 20.41%(10/49)in the control group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Implementing the CPC three-dimensional quality evaluation model for patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy can help accelerate their perioperative recovery process,alleviate perioperative stress symptoms,mitigate anxiety,depression,and other adverse emotions,and to some extent,reduce the incidence of perioperative complications.

Formation mechanism of hydrochemical and quality evaluation of shallow groundwater in the Upper Kebir sub-basin,Northeast Algeria

This study investigates the hydrochemical formation mechanism of shallow groundwater in the Upper Kebir upstream sub-basin(Northeastern Algeria).The objective is to evaluate water quality suitability for domestic purposes through the application of water quality index(WQI).A total of 24 water points(wells and borewells)evenly distributed in the basin were collected and analyzed in the laboratory for determining the major ions and other geochemical parameters in the groundwater.The groundwater hydrochemical types were identified as Cl–Na and Cl–HCO_(3)^(–)Na,with the dominant major ions were found in the order of Na^(+)>Ca^(2+)>Mg^(2+)for cations,and Cl^(−)>SO_(4)^(2−)>HCO_(3)^(–)>NO_(3)^(−)for anions.Results suggest that weathering,dissolution of carbonate,sulfate,salt rocks,and anthropogenic activities were the major contributors to ion content in the groundwater.The Water Quality Index(WQI)was calculated to assess the water quality of potable water.Approximately 50%of the sampled sites exhibited good water quality.However,the study highlights significant NO_(3)contamination in the study area,with 50%of samples exceeding permissible limits.Therefore,effective treatment measures are crucial for the safe consumption of groundwater.

Digital Twin-based Quality Management Method for the Assembly Process of Aerospace Products with the Grey-Markov Model and Apriori Algorithm

The assembly process of aerospace products such as satellites and rockets has the characteristics of single-or small-batch production,a long development period,high reliability,and frequent disturbances.How to predict and avoid quality abnormalities,quickly locate their causes,and improve product assembly quality and efficiency are urgent engineering issues.As the core technology to realize the integration of virtual and physical space,digital twin(DT)technology can make full use of the low cost,high efficiency,and predictable advantages of digital space to provide a feasible solution to such problems.Hence,a quality management method for the assembly process of aerospace products based on DT is proposed.Given that traditional quality control methods for the assembly process of aerospace products are mostly post-inspection,the Grey-Markov model and T-K control chart are used with a small sample of assembly quality data to predict the value of quality data and the status of an assembly system.The Apriori algorithm is applied to mine the strong association rules related to quality data anomalies and uncontrolled assembly systems so as to solve the issue that the causes of abnormal quality are complicated and difficult to trace.The implementation of the proposed approach is described,taking the collected centroid data of an aerospace product’s cabin,one of the key quality data in the assembly process of aerospace products,as an example.A DT-based quality management system for the assembly process of aerospace products is developed,which can effectively improve the efficiency of quality management for the assembly process of aerospace products and reduce quality abnormalities.

Effect of Storage Conditions on the Sensory Quality, Colour and Texture of Fresh-Cut Minimally Processed Cabbage with the Addition of Ascorbic Acid, Citric Acid and Calcium Chloride

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of storage conditions on the sensory quality, colour and texture of fresh-cut cabbage during the addition of ascorbic acid, citric acid and calcium chloride. Ascorbic acid maintained the overall quality for 14 days at 0℃ and 7 days at 5℃;no difference, however, was observed regarding browning of cut surface compared to the control sample at both storage temperatures. Calcium chloride maintained the overall quality and cut surface browning for 14 days at both storage temperatures. It was also found that citric acid 1% can be used for minimally processed cabbage. Soaking with citric acid helped retain the color and increased the overall acceptance and organoleptic quality of fresh cut cabbage;it reduced browning of the cut surface and protected against formation of black specks. Citric acid treatment combined with low temperature storage (0℃) prolonged the shelf life of minimally processed cabbage for 22 days, time sufficient for acceptable marketing of the product. The lightness of minimally processed cabbage decreased linearly from 70.94 ± 6 to 63.8 ± 8.5 - 61.3 ± 8 units for the chemical treatments during 22 days of storage at 0℃. Hue angle values during storage time were also significantly influenced by chemical treatments mainly at 0℃.

The development of Fructus corni quality standard considering the effects of processing

The quality standards for Fructus Comi have been established based on the effects of the manufacturing processes.Three critical process parameters(CPPs)of extraction,filtration,and concentration to prepare Fructus Comi concentrate were identified by Plackett-Burman design with a single batch of Fructus Corni,which were heating medium temperature,extraction time,and water addition.Morroniside yield,loganin yield,and dry matter yield were process critical quality attributes(CQAs).CPPs arranged with a Box-Behnken design were applied to treat different batches of Fructus Comi After constructing a model that included CPPs,material propertie s,and process CQAs,loganin content was found to be the critical material attribute(CMA).The design space was calculated with a probability method.According to the limits of process CQAs,the minimum content of loganin in Fructus Corni was calculated with an error propagation method,which was 6.92 mg·g^(-1).When the content of loganin in Fructus Corni reaches up to 6.92 mg·g^(-1),the material is considered high-quality and is most suitable for the process.High-quality material can be used for production of Fructus Comi concentrate.This method can also be used to set material quality standards for other Chinese medicines.

Relationships between the surface quality of a single crystal copper ingot and the process parameters of a heated mould continuous casting method

The relationships between the surface quality of a single crystal copper ingot and the process parameters of heated mould continuous casting method were studied experimentally using our own design of horizontal heated mould continuous casting apparatus, and the mechanism by which process parameters affect the surface quality of a single crystal copper ingot is analyzed in the present paper. The results show that the process parameters affect the surface quality of a pure copper ingot by affecting the position of the liquid-solid interface in the mould. The position of the liquid-solid interface in the mould must be controlled carefully within an appropriate range, which is determined through a series of experiments, in order to gain a single crystal copper ingot with good surface quality.

Effect of Processing Methods on the Quality of Tomato Products

Tomatoes are one of the most important specialty crops in United States and tomato products constitute a significant part of the food industry. The quality of tomato paste and juice is evaluated through their viscosity, color, flavor and nutritional value. Four processing methods were selected for this study, in-cluding conventional hot break, waring blender with steam, steam injection, and high temperature with shear (HTS) in a twin-screw continuous processor. The HTS method applies high temperature with shear mixer during hot-break tomato processing that improves the efficiency of the extraction process and the resultant tomato products possessed higher consistency, viscosity, and ly-copene content. Lycopene is an excellent antioxidant with cancer-preventing properties. This work showed that HTS method, utilizing whole tomatoes, produced a superior tomato product with a better color, higher viscosity, and improved bioactive properties.

Effect of the desolventizing/toasting process on chemical composition and protein quality of rapeseed meal

Background： During processing in a desolventizer/toaster（DT）, rapeseed meal（RSM） is heated to evaporate the hexane and to reduce the level of heat-labile anti-nutritional factors such as glucosinolates（GSL）. However, excessive heat treatment may reduce amino acid（AA） content in addition to lower AA digestibility and availability in RSM. The objective of the present study was to produce from one batch of a 00-rapeseed variety（17 μmol GSL/g dry matter（DM）, seed grade quality） five differently processed RSM under standardized and defined conditions in a pilot plant,and to determine the impact of these different treatments on protein solubility and chemical composition, in particular with regard to contents of AA including reactive Lys（rL ys） and levels of total and individual GSL.Methods： Four RSM were exposed to wet toasting conditions（WetT C） with increasing residence time in the DT of 48,64, 76, and 93 min. A blend of these four RSM was further processed, starting with saturated steam processing（〈 100 °C）and followed by exposure to dry toasting conditions（DryT C） to further reduce the GSL content in this RSM.Results： The contents of neutral detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber bound crude protein（CP） increased linearly（P 〈 0.05）, as residence time of RSM in the DT increased from 48 to 93 min, whereas contents of total and most individual GSL and those of Lys, rL ys, Cys, and the calculated ratio of Lys：CP and r Lys：CP decreased linearly（P ≤ 0.05）.The combination of wet heating and DryT C resulted in the lowest GSL content compared to RSM produced under WetT C, but was associated with lowest protein solubility.Conclusions： It can be concluded that by increasing residence time in the DT or using alternative processing conditions such as wet heating combined with DryT C, contents of total and individual GSL in RSM can be substantially reduced.Further in vivo studies are warranted to elucidate if and to which extent the observed differences in protein quality and GSL content between RSM may affect digestibility and bioavailability of AA in monogastric animals.

Review and Reflection on the Development Process of Soil Environmental Quality Standards in China

In this paper,the development process of the construction of soil environmental quality standards in China is reviewed,and the construction situation of soil environmental quality standards in typical developed countries is introduced.According to characteristics of soil environment and practice of soil environment management in China,the relevant suggestions are discussed,thereby further perfecting construction work of soil environmental quality standards in China.

The Multiplicative Analytic Hierarchy Process (MIAHP) as a Quality Criterion Determining the Technological Value of the Egyptian Cotton Varieties

This study was undertaken to develop a numerical process that can be used as a quality criterion to determine the technological value of the Egyptian cotton varieties, which in turn would denote the end-use of their fibers. However the material used in the study comprised the 6 Egyptian cotton varieties Giza70, Giza80, Giza86, Giza88, Giza90 and Giza92. According to the local practice in Egypt, Giza70, Giza88 and Giza92 belong to the Extra-Long Staple (ELS) category, while Giza80, Giza86 and Giza90 are included under the Long Staple (LS) category. The regression analysis of the relationships between fiber properties and yarn skein strength (lea product) of the 2 carded ring counts 40 and 50 Ne, was employed to drive an equation for calculating the Multiplicative Analytic Hierarchy Process (MIAHP) values. The values of the MIAHP have been used as numerical determinations of the technological values of the Egyptian cotton varieties. Nevertheless, the findings of this study clarified that with respect to the criteria weights, the pair-wise comparisons denoted that fiber length properties of Egyptian cotton ranked first where they revealed the most dominant effect on yarn strength, while tensile properties ranked second with a relative weight close to that of fiber length. On the contrary, the relative weight of fiber fineness (micronaire reading) was found to be marginal. With regard to the relative weight of sub-criterion, the pair-wise comparisons indicated that the role of fiber tenacity as a determinant of yarn strength is much superior to that of fiber elongation. Further the global weights of the sub-criterion of fiber length pointed out that the UHML (upper half mean length) plays an important role in determining yarn strength of the Egyptian cotton comparing with either the UI (uniformity index) or the SFC (short fiber content). In conformity with the values of the MIAHP, it was found that in the order of descending rank, Giza88 ranked first, followed by Giza92, Giza70, Giza86, Giza80 and finally Giza90.

Optimal control of a quality supervision profit model for the electronic intermediary

Online customers execute transactions without inspecting products could expect to encounter risks of receiving products with unsatisfactory qualities,especially in food trans-actions.Thus quality supervision plays a key role in the establishment of trust as well as in the management of risk between online customers and sellers.Most papers in this field are in qualitative nature.In this paper,a quality supervision profit(QSP)model is formulated as a discrete-time optimal control problem.It is a quantitative approach,and it broadens the scope.of current research in the area.The quality efort level of online sellers(QELa)and the quality supervision level of the electronic intermediary(QSLm)are considered together with their cor-responding profit in the proposed model.The aim is to optimize an overall profit.A case study arising from Suichang's food traceability system(FTS)of farm produce online transaction is carried out in details.The results reveal that QELs,QSLm and the profit distribution coeffi-cient have a strong influence upon the profits of both sides.Finally,some concluding remarks,including potential further research topics,are given.

Hydrogeochemical processes and multivariate analysis for groundwater quality in the arid Maadher region of Hodna,northern Algeria

This study focused on water quality and hydrogeochemical processes(evolution,origin)in the Maadher region,central Hodna in Algeria.In recent decades,the excessive exploitation of this resource due to urbanization,irrigation,and the effect of climate change reaching the countries of northern Africa have caused a decline in water levels and hydrochemical changes in the aquifer.The sampling campaign in 2019 based on 13 physicochemical parameters was carried out on the water from 32 boreholes in the study area,compared to data archives of both sampling campaigns in 1967 and 1996.The result revealed that the groundwater as a whole has moderate freshwater quality,due to its total dissolved solids(TDS)content and other dissolved ions of concern(nitrate NO),which exceed WHO standards.In addition,Piper diagram indicates that the hydrochemical facies of sulfate–chloride–nitrate–calcium(SO–Cl–NO–Catype),which globally characterizes the study area and these elements are the dominant dissolved ions.Principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis(HCA)methodologies are applied in order to define the major control factors that affect the hydrochemistry of Maadher plain.Three distinct water groups were found,illustrating a different evolution of salinity(EC and TDS).The HCA indicated an interesting cluster with a distinct contamination signature and most likely with significantly higher sulfate,chloride,and nitrate concentrations.Anthropogenic processes also play an important role in the study area.The water resource comes from Bousaada Wadi,the exchange at the aquifer depth and the agricultural practices contribute to the deterioration of the quality.

Application of Statistical Process Control for Setting Action Thresholds as Quality Assurance of Dose Verifications in External Beam Radiotherapy

Purpose: To test the concept of Statistical Process Control (SPC) as a Quality Assurance (QA) procedure for dose verifications in external beam radiation therapy in conventional and 3D Conformal Radiotherapy (3D-CRT) treatment of cervical cancer. Materials and Methods: A study of QA verification of target doses of 198 cervical cancer patients undergoing External Beam Radiotherapy (EBRT) treatments at two different cancer treatment centers in Kenya was conducted. The target doses were determined from measured entrance doses by the diode in vivo dosimetry. Process Behavior Charts (PBC) developed by SPC were applied for setting Action Thresholds (AT) on the target doses. The AT set was then proposed as QA limits for acceptance or rejection of verified target doses overtime of the EBRT process. Result and Discussion: Target doses for the 198 patients were calculated and SPC applied to test whether the action limits set by the Process Behavior Charts could be applied as QA for verified doses in EBRT. Results for the two sub-groups of n = 3 and n = 4 that were tested produced action thresholds which are within clinical dose specifications for both conventional AP/PA and 3D-CRT EBRT treatment techniques for cervical cancer. Conclusion: Action thresholds set by SPC were within the clinical dose specification of ±5% uncertainty for both conventional AP/PA and 3D-CRT EBRT treatment techniques for cervical cancer. So the concept of SPC could be applied in setting QA action limits for dose verifications in EBRT.

Study on Selection of Wheat Varieties for Noodle Production in Hebei Province and Factors Affecting the Processing Quality

[Objectives]To screen out the specific wheat varieties for noodle production in Hebei Province and analyze the factors affecting the processing quality of noodle.[Methods]The quality characteristics of grains,flour and noodle of major medium gluten wheat varieties in Hebei Province were detected and analyzed.[Results]The sensory score of noodle is significantly positively correlated with wet gluten content of medium gluten wheat flour,and extensile length,cohesiveness,resilience,elasticity,gumminess,chewiness and extensile distance of TPA of noodle,and is significantly negatively correlated with softening degree.TPA of noodle can indirectly reflect sensory quality of noodle.[Conclusions]Han 7086,Xingmai 4,Liangxing 66,Shiyou 17,Heng 5229 and Liangxing 99 are suitable for producing high-quality noodle,and they can be used as noodle-specific varieties for promoting in Hebei Province.