A Case-Control Study on Leisure Time Physical Activity (LTPA) during the Last Three Months of Pregnancy and Foetal Outcomes in Italy

The association between Leisure Time Physical Activity (LTPA) during pregnancy and foetal outcomes has been extensively investigated. However, epidemiological studies specifically referred to LPTA in the last months of pregnancy are scarce. We evaluated the association between LPTA and the risk of both preterm delivery and small for gestational age (SGA) during the last three months of pregnancy in Italy. A nationwide case-control study was performed in nine Italian cities. A total of 299 preterm delivery, 364 SGA and 855 controls were enrolled in the study. A self-administered questionnaire was used to assess socio-demographic variables, medical and reproductive history, life-style habits and LTPA referred to the last three months of pregnancy. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed in order to estimate Odds ratios and 95% CI. LTPA during the last three months of pregnancy decreases the risk of preterm delivery (adjusted OR = 0.56;95% CI 0.39 - 0.79). Among the different types of physical activity, walking, the most frequently referred activity, appears significantly protective against preterm delivery (adjusted OR = 0.53;95% CI 0.36 - 0.81). Moreover, a small protective effect of walking was evidenced against SGA (adjusted OR = 0.72;95% CI 0.51 - 1.00). In conclusion, a mild physical activity such as walking in the last three months of pregnancy seems to reduce the risk of preterm delivery and, at a lesser extent, of SGA, confirming the beneficial effects of physical activity along the whole pregnancy.

Pregnancy Rate of Bunaji Cows in a Fixed Time AI Synchronization Protocol Using Ovatide

This study accessed the reproductive performance of Bunaji cows in an Ovsynch protocol involving ovatide.Bunaji cows(n=16)aged 4-6 years and weighing between 250-350 kg with body condition scores(BCS)of 2.5-3.5 were used.There were two treatment groups for synchronization of ovulation.Treatment group 1 comprising Bunaji(n=8)received 50μg of gonadotropin releasing hormone(GnRH)(Cystorelin)and 25 mg of PGF2α.While,treatment group 2 comprising Bunaji(n=8)received 50μg of ovatide and 25 mg of PGF2α.All cows from both treatment groups were inseminated at 16 h after each second GnRH or ovatide injections.Cows that showed mucus discharge from the vagina on the day of artificial insemination(AI)were recorded as well as those that had patent cervix.Cervical dilation was measured by taking note of the cows that had mid cervix insemination due to non-passage of the AI gun through the cervix.Transrectal palpation was conducted twice at a month interval to select cycling cows within 5-12 d of the estrous cycle before initiating Ovsynch protocol.It was repeated on day 45 post AI to confirm pregnancies in animals.Results showed that the rate of mucus discharge from the vagina was 37.5%and 87.5%for ovatide and Cystorelin,respectively;while the rate of cervical dilation were 75%and 87.5%for ovatide and Cystorelin,respectively(p>0.05),and pregnancy rates were 0%and 12.5%for ovatide and Cystorelin,respectively.There were no significant differences between the two groups.It was concluded that treatment of Bunaji cows with 50μg ovatide in Ovsynh protocol has heat and ovulation synchronization potentials and zero pregnancy rate.It was recommended that further studies be carried out using graded doses of 50,100 and 150μg of ovatide in a fixed time AI synchronization protocol in Bunaji cows,to tap the potentials of the hormone in manipulation of bovine reproduction.

The effect of urine pregnancy testing on timing of accessing antenatal care and abortion services in Western Nigeria

Objective: Effective confirmation of pregnancy is a basic component of reproductive health services. It is a determinant for accessing antenatal care (ANC) if the pregnancy is wanted and abortion services if the pregnancy is unwanted. This study examined the effect of urine pregnancy testing in the timing of presentation for pregnancy care. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 320 women presenting for antenatal care and 300 women presenting for abortion at private sector clinics in Western Nigeria. Results: The median age at first presentation was 20 weeks for ANC clients and 8 weeks for abortion clients. Obtaining urine pregnancy test of one’s accord was associated with a decrease in the gestational age at presentation of 3.7 weeks and 1.5 weeks for antenatal and abortion clients, respectively, independent of all other factors. Conclusion: Bearing in mind that the clinical benefit and public health impact of early presentation for antenatal and abortion services are unequivocal, strategies aimed at decreasing gestational age at presentation for pregnancy care should be given priority. “Fast-track” urine pregnancy testing services should be promoted in the private and public clinics in Nigeria.

Maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy and reproductive health in children： a review of epidemiological studies

Maternal cigarette smoking may affect the intrauterine hormonal environment during pregnancy and this early fetal exposure may have detrimental effects on the future trajectory of reproductive health. In this review, we discuss the epidemiological literature on the association between prenatal exposure to maternal cigarette smoking and several aspects of reproductive health. The literature points towards an increased risk of the urogenital malformation cryptorchidism, but a potential protective effect on the risk of hypospadias in sons following prenatal cigarette smoking exposure. Studies on sexual maturation find a tendency towards accelerated pubertal development in exposed boys and girls. In adult life, prenatally exposed men have impaired semen quality compared with unexposed individuals, but an influence on fecundability, that is, the biological ability to reproduce, is less evident. We found no evidence to support an association between prenatal cigarette smoking exposure and testicular cancer. Among adult daughters, research is sparse and inconsistent, but exposure to cigarette smoking in utero may decrease fecundability. In conclusion, prenatal exposure to cigarette smoking may cause some long-term adverse effects on the reproductive health.

Surgical management of pituitary adenoma during pregnancy

BACKGROUND Although conservative treatment is typically recommended for pregnant patients with pituitary adenoma(PA),surgical treatment is occasionally necessary for those with acute symptoms.Currently,surgical interventions utilized among these patients is poorly studied.AIM To evaluate the surgical indications,timing,perioperative precautions and postoperative complications of PAs during pregnancy and to provide comprehensive guidance.METHODS Six patients with PAs who underwent surgical treatment during pregnancy at Peking Union Medical College Hospital between January 1990 and June 2021 were recruited for this study.Another 35 pregnant patients who were profiled in the literature were included in our analysis.RESULTS The 41 enrolled patients had acute symptoms including visual field defects,severe headaches or vision loss that required emergency pituitary surgeries.PA apoplexies were found in 23 patients.The majority of patients(55.9%)underwent surgery in the second trimester of pregnancy.A multidisciplinary team was involved in patient care from the preoperative period through the postpartum period.With the exception of 1 patient who underwent an induced abortion and 1 fetus that died due to a nuchal cord,39 patients delivered successfully.Among them,37 fetuses were healthy until the most recent follow-up.CONCLUSION PA surgery during pregnancy is effective and safe during the second and third trimesters.Pregnant patients requiring emergency PA surgery require multidisciplinary evaluation and healthcare management.

Clinical Study on the Relationship between the HCG Levels during the Late Pregnancy and the Delivery Mechanism

Objective： The relationship between the HCG levels during the late pregnancy and the delivery mechanism was discussed. Method： If the HCG levels during the late pregnancy were related to the delivery mechanism was studied by using the β -HCG changes of 100 women pregnant for 36 weeks, 37 weeks, 38 weeks, 39 weeks, 40 weeks, and 41 weeks, and also the [3 -HCG changes when their uterine orifice was opened for 3cm near the time of labor as the clinical data. All these cases were found to suffer no clinical complications. Result： The difference in HCG changes during the late pregnancy was of no statistical significance （P〉0.05）. Conclusion： The β-HCG levels change during the late pregnancy is not significantly correlated with the labor onset time, and the labor onset time is unpredictable with the monitoring of the HCG levels change during the late pregnancy.

Evaluation on the Influence of the Timing of Twin Pregnancy Termi­nation on the Outcome of Mother and Infants

Objective:Objective:To observe the maternal and infant outcomes of pregnant women with twins terminating their pregnancy at different timings.Methods:Among the twin pregnant women admitted to our hospital from August 2019 to August 2020,50 primiparous women who opted to terminate their pregnancies at 5 different timings of“34--34^(+6) weeks”,“35--35^(+6) weeks”,“36--36^(+6) weeks”,“37--37^(+6) weeks”,“38--38^(+6) weeks”were selected as the research subjects.According to the timing of pregnancy termination,they were divided into 5 groups,each with 10 cases of pregnant women,and the impact of the timing of pregnancy termination on the outcome of the mothers and infants were compared.Results:The“37--37^(+6) weeks”group had the largest amount of postpartum hemorrhage,and the difference in Hb level before and after delivery was the largest.With the increase in gestational week,the weight of both large and small fetuses increased.In terms of neonatal diseases,the comparison between“34--34^(+6) weeks”,“35--35^(+6) weeks”,“36--36^(+6) weeks”and“37--37^(+6) weeks”,“38--38^(+6) weeks”,P<0.05,the comparison between“37--37^(+6) weeks”and“38--38^(+6) weeks”,P>0.05.Conclusions:The extension of the gestational week of twin pregnancies has no effect on postpartum hemorrhage,but it can improve the outcome of infants.

Time-lapse培养与常规培养卵裂期胚胎移植的妊娠及新生儿结局分析

目的比较时差成像(time-lapse,TL)系统培养与常规培养卵裂期胚胎移植的妊娠和新生儿出生结局,评价TL技术的安全性。方法回顾性分析2016年1月至2019年3月在本中心行体外受精/卵胞浆内单精子注射-胚胎移植(IVF/ICSI-ET)助孕治疗的1999周期临床资料,根据胚胎培养方式,分为time-lapse组(n=871)和常规组(n=1128),比较两组的妊娠和新生儿结局。结果两组移植日内膜、异位妊娠率、早期流产率、晚期流产率、多胎率、早产率、不良新生儿结局、低体质量儿、极低体质量儿、巨大儿、分娩孕周、新生儿体重、畸形率及男女性别比之间差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);TL组的移植胚胎数明显少于常规组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);TL组的临床妊娠率、着床率、活产率及抱婴回家率明显高于常规组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论TL培养可改善IVF妊娠结局,对新生儿出生结局无不良影响,该技术是胚胎培养的安全有效方法。

应用Time-lapse优选胚胎观察胚胎发育速度对单胚胎移植妊娠结局的影响

目的应用时差成像系统(Time-Lapse Imaging,TLI)基于分层筛选模型优选胚胎行Day3单胚胎移植,探讨移植胚胎发育速度对妊娠结局的影响。方法选取2014年4月至2017年5月在南京鼓楼医院生殖中心行Day3单分裂胚胎移植的234例患者的胚胎进行动态观察,对符合挑选参数的移植胚胎进一步分析,根据细胞发育速度分为8~9细胞组(n=168)、10~11细胞组(n=36)、12~16细胞组(n=30)三组;根据移植胚胎的卵裂球数目奇偶数分为奇数组(n=52)和偶数组(n=182)两组;将卵裂球数目为偶数的胚胎根据其胚胎发育速度分为8细胞组(n=137)、10细胞组(n=22)、12~16细胞组(n=23)三组。回顾性分析胚胎的发育速度对妊娠结局的影响。结果8~9细胞组、10~11细胞组、12~16细胞组三组的种植率依次是61.90%、53.80%和53.33%,活产率依次是58.33%、50.00%和50.00%,流产率分别为5.76%,5.26%和6.25%,各项数据均无统计学差异(P>0.05)。奇数组与偶数组相比,种植率(38.46%vs.65.38%)、流产率(10.00%vs.5.04%)、活产率(34.62%vs.62.08%)三个方面均较差,且在种植率与活产率方面具有显著性差异(P<0.05)。移植胚胎卵裂球数目为偶数的胚胎中,8细胞组、10细胞组、12~16细胞组在种植率、流产率、活产率方面均无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论通过Time-lapse挑选发育速度较快的胚胎移植仍可获得较好的妊娠结局,此结果为移植当日无正常发育速度胚胎患者的胚胎选择提供了新思路。

使用time-lapse筛选早期IVF/ICSI胚胎及其临床结局

目的通过比较使用time-lapse（延迟摄像）和传统形态学方法筛选IVF/ICSI胚胎的临床结局,评价time-lapse用于早期胚胎观察和筛选的价值。方法回顾性分析139个IVF/ICSI周期的资料,根据胚胎的筛选方法,分为time-lapse monitoring组（TLM组）（n=68）和对照组（n=71）,比较两组间的βHCG阳性率、临床妊娠率和胚胎着床率,并根据女方年龄、受精方式进行亚组分析。结果 TLM组的βHCG阳性率、临床妊娠率、胚胎着床率分别为：66.2%、61.8%、47.1%;对照组的βHCG阳性率、临床妊娠率、胚胎着床率分别为：47.9%、43.7%、30.3%;TLM组的βHCG阳性率、临床妊娠率、胚胎着床率均高于对照组,且差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。亚组分析显示：相较于年龄≤30岁的患者,年龄31~35岁的患者利用time-lapse更能明显改善临床结局;利用time-lapse能明显提高IVF周期的βHCG阳性率、临床妊娠率、胚胎着床率,但对于ICSI和TESA周期,效果则不理想。结论使用time-lapse动态监测胚胎并根据胚胎的形态动力学参数对胚胎进行评价和筛选,与传统方法相比,能获得更好的临床结局;年龄较大的（〉30岁）或者是进行IVF周期的患者更能从中获益。

利用Time-lapse技术筛选早期胚胎对IVF-ET妊娠结局的影响

目的探索利用Time-lapse系统筛选早期胚胎的临床应用价值。方法回顾性分析本中心2016年7月至2017年12月,第一次新鲜或复苏周期D3卵裂期胚胎移植的患者资料,根据胚胎评估方法分为Time-lapse系统组(TLM组,n=74)和传统形态学评分组(CMA组,n=951),比较这两种不同胚胎筛选方法对临床结局的影响。结果患者的不孕年限、体重指数、基础FSH、基础LH、E2、AMH、窦卵泡数、内膜厚度和周期类型等一般情况,在TLM组和CMA组均无显著差异(P均>0.05);TLM组年龄显著高于CMA组[(31.8±4.2)vs.(30.8±4.4),P<0.05],而平均移植胚胎数显著少于CMA组[(1.7±0.5)vs.(1.9±0.3),P<0.05];患者的临床结局,包括临床妊娠率、种植率、流产率、宫外孕率、双胎率和移植两个胚胎的双胎率等在两组间均无显著差异(P均>0.05)。进一步按照年龄分层分析,在<35岁患者,患者的一般情况在两组间均无显著差异(P均>0.05),TML组的平均移植胚胎数显著少于CMA组[(1.7±0.5)vs.(1.9±0.3),P<0.05],而患者临床结局在两组间亦无显著差异(P>0.05);在≥35岁患者,TML组的平均移植胚胎数显著少于CMA组[(1.7±0.5)vs.(1.9±0.4),P<0.05],而患者的一般情况和临床结局在两组间亦无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论利用Time-lapse技术选择早期胚胎,可以在显著减少移植胚胎数的基础上,维持稳定的临床妊娠结局。因此,认为Time-lapse技术可以在一定程度上优选出更具发育潜能的胚胎,为早期胚胎单胚胎移植提供新方法。

Diagnosis of Toxoplasma gondii infection in pregnant women using automated chemiluminescence and quantitative real time PCR

Objective: To identify serodiagnosis and quantification of Toxoplasma gondii(T. gondii) infection among pregnant women in Salmas, northwest of Iran. Methods: In this crosssectional study, 276 blood samples were collected from pregnant women referred to the health care centers in Salmas city. The demographic variables were also recorded. Titers of antiToxoplasma IgM and IgG antibodies(Ab) were determined using the chemiluminescence immunoassay. Quantitative real-time PCR targeting the T. gondii repeated element gene was also performed on the blood sample. Results: Out of all, 19.92%(55/276) and 2.17%(6/276) patients were seropositive for anti-Toxoplasma IgG and IgM Ab, respectively. Moreover, the presence of T. gondii DNA was observed in 12.31%(34/276) blood samples. A significant relationship was observed between the IgG Ab seropositivity and contact with the cat as a risk factor(P=0.022). Conclusions: The seroprevalence rate of T. gondii infection in pregnant women is relatively low. Consequently, the seronegative pregnant women are at risk, and a considerable rate of positive blood samples for the presence of parasite's DNA should not be ignored. Besides, quantitative real-time PCR could be considered as an accurate method for diagnosis of acute toxoplasmosis especially when the precise results are of the most importance in pregnancy. Limiting contact with cats is also suggested for pregnant women.

Time-lapse技术联合一步法培养对胚胎发育及妊娠结局的影响

目的比较时差成像(Time-lapse imaging TLI)系统培养与常规低氧培养的胚胎发育情况和妊娠结局的差异。方法回顾性分析2020年12月至2022年5月在广东医科大学附属医院生殖中心接受体外受精或卵胞浆内单精子注射-胚胎移植(IVF/ICSI-ET)治疗的年轻患者(20≤年龄≤35岁)的临床资料,根据胚胎培养方式分为TLI系统培养组(TLI组,n=254)和常规培养组(常规组,n=317),比较两组患者间基本资料及胚胎发育情况;再根据胚胎移植类型分为D3卵裂期胚胎移植(TLI组127例,常规组127例)和D5囊胚移植(TLI组99例,常规组143例)亚组,分别统计不同胚胎移植类型下两种培养方式的临床妊娠结局差异。结果两组患者的基本资料比较均无显著性差异(P>0.05);常规组的成熟卵母细胞率(87.2%vs.85.5%)、总受精率(77.1%vs.73.1%)、2PN卵裂数[9(6.0,13.5)vs.9(6.0,12.0)]、优胚率(38.7%vs.36.1%)均显著高于TLI组(P<0.05);两组患者间的优胚数、囊胚数、MⅡ卵母细胞数、受精总数、2PN数、卵裂总数、囊胚形成率、2PN率、2PN卵裂率、卵裂胚胎利用率的差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。D3卵裂期胚胎移植中,常规组的移植胚胎数显著高于TLI组[(1.80±0.11)vs.(1.68±0.47),P<0.05],两种培养方式组间胚胎着床数、种植率、HCG阳性率、临床妊娠率及双胎妊娠率均无显著性差异(P>0.05),但常规组双胎率稍高于TLI组(33.8%vs.20.3%,P>0.05);D5囊胚移植中,两种培养方式组间胚胎着床数、种植率、临床妊娠率均无显著性差异(P>0.05),但TLI组临床妊娠率稍高于常规组(65.7%vs.55.9%,P>0.05)。结论常规培养方式由于其经济、简便,是目前大多数中心的常用有效培养方法;针对年轻不孕妇女,TLI培养可能有效挑选更有种植潜力的胚胎,可能有助于提高种植率、保证妊娠率,且单胚胎移植有效减少多胎妊娠。

Gestational diabetes mellitus:The optimal time of delivery

Gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)is a common pregnancy complication strongly associated with poor maternal-fetal outcomes.Its incidence and prevalence have been increasing in recent years.Women with GDM typically give birth through either vaginal delivery or cesarean section,and the maternal-fetal outcomes are related to several factors such as cervical level,fetal lung maturity,the level of glycemic control still present,and the mode of treatment for the condition.We categorized women with GDM based on the latter two factors.GDM that is managed without medication when it is responsive to nutrition-and exercise-based therapy is considered diet-and exercise-controlled GDM,or class A1 GDM,and GDM managed with medication to achieve adequate glycemic control is considered class A2 GDM.The remaining cases in which neither medical nor nutritional treatment can control glucose levels or patients who do not control their blood sugar are categorized as class A3 GDM.We investigated the optimal time of delivery for women with GDM according to the classification of the condition.This review aimed to address the benefits and harms of giving birth at different weeks of gestation for women with different classes of GDM and attempted to provide an analytical framework and clearer advice on the optimal time for labor.

Time-lapse培养与传统胚胎培养胚胎发育和临床结局比较以及Time-lapse早期胚胎形态动力学参数应用探讨

目的比较Time-lapse及传统胚胎培养对体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)患者胚胎发育情况及临床结局的影响,探讨Time-lapse胚胎形态动力学参数的应用价值。方法选取扬州大学医学院附属淮安市妇幼保健院142对接受IVF-ET治疗的夫妇的临床资料进行回顾性分析,共纳入142个IVF-ET新鲜周期,按照胚胎培养方法分为观察组(n=55)和对照组(n=87)。观察组采用Time-lapse培养箱进行胚胎培养;对照组采用传统培养系统进行胚胎培养。比较两组的获卵数、正常受精数、可移植胚胎数、优质胚胎数、冷冻数及临床妊娠率等指标。比较观察组种植胚胎与未种植胚胎早期胚胎形态动力学参数(t2、t3、t4、t5、cc2及s2),采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评估有差异的时间参数对胚胎种植失败的预测价值。结果观察组可移植胚胎数及囊胚形成数显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。种植胚胎t2、t4、s2、cc2均显著短于未种植胚胎(P<0.05);但t3和t5比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。ROC曲线显示,t2、t4、s2、cc2对胚胎种植失败有预测价值。结论IVF-ET患者胚胎受精后采用Time-lapse培养,能够提高可移植胚胎数及形成囊胚数;部分早期胚胎动力学参数对新鲜周期移植失败具有一定的预测价值。

胚胎冷冻保存时间对首次冻融胚胎移植临床结局和出生子代的影响

目的探讨胚胎冷冻保存时间对首次冻融胚胎移植(FET)妊娠结局和出生子代的影响。方法回顾性分析2014年1月至2022年6月期间在江西省妇幼保健院辅助生殖中心行首次FET的4075例妇女的临床资料。根据胚胎冻存时间分为4组:A组(胚胎冻存≤3个月,n=993)、B组(胚胎冻存4~6个月,n=1757)、C组(胚胎冻存7~12个月,n=880)和D组(胚胎冻存13~24个月,n=445),比较各组患者的一般资料、胚胎移植情况、妊娠结局和新生儿结局,采用多元Logistic回归分析胚胎冻存时间对妊娠结局和新生儿结局的影响。结果4组患者的胚胎冻存时间、女方取卵年龄、体质量指数(BMI)、原发不孕占比等一般资料有显著性差异(P<0.05)。4组患者间获卵数、可利用胚胎数、冷冻年份、内膜准备方案和单胚胎移植率比较有显著性差异(P<0.01),囊胚移植率无显著性差异(P>0.05)。4组患者FET后的临床妊娠率、多胎率、流产率等均无显著性差异(P>0.05);A~D组的活产率分别为50.86%、53.27%、49.55%和51.01%,组间无显著性差异(P>0.05)。单胎活产婴儿的出生结局比较,4组新生儿的早产率、极早产率、低出生体重率、极低出生体重率、巨大儿率、男女性别比和出生缺陷发生率等均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。多元Logistic回归分析结果显示,胚胎冻存时间对活产率、β-HCG阳性率、临床妊娠率、种植率、流产率和早产率等均无显著影响(P>0.05)。结论胚胎玻璃化冻存2年内,胚胎冻存时间不影响首次FET的活产率,也不增加早产、低出生体重和出生缺陷发生风险。

时差成像培养系统对IVF和ICSI卵裂期胚胎移植患者临床结局的影响

目的探讨时差成像(TL)培养和常规培养对体外受精(IVF)和卵胞质内单精子注射(ICSI)卵裂期胚胎移植(ET)患者妊娠结局、新生儿结局的影响。方法纳入淮安市妇幼保健院生殖医学科2018年1月至2022年3月间行IVF-ET/ICSI-ET助孕的1148对夫妇作为研究对象,共计1200个周期。其中,TL培养550周期为TL培养组(n=550),常规培养650周期为常规培养组(n=650)。比较两组患者基线资料、妊娠结局和新生儿结局的差异。结果TL培养组患者临床妊娠率、着床率、活产率均显著高于常规培养组(χ^(2)=13.776,P<0.001;χ^(2)=23.663,P<0.001;χ^(2)=6.886,P=0.011),移植胚胎数显著低于常规培养组(χ^(2)=2.845,P=0.005)。两组患者早产率、不良新生儿结局、新生儿体重、畸形率、新生儿性别比均无显著性差异(χ^(2)=0.190,P=0.738;χ^(2)=0.663,P=0.024;t=0.221,P=0.878;χ^(2)=0.615,P=1.148;χ^(2)=0.335,P=0.284)。结论TL培养系统可显著改善IVF-ET/ICSI-ET患者临床妊娠率、着床率和活产率,对新生儿出生结局无不良影响。

胎盘植入性疾病患者不同终止妊娠时机的母婴结局分析

目的探讨胎盘植入性疾病(PAS)患者不同终止妊娠时机的母婴结局。方法选取2022年2月至2023年10月在我院分娩的PAS患者54例,根据终止妊娠孕周分为34 w≤孕周<35 w(A组)21例、35 w≤孕周<36 w(B组)14例、36 w≤孕周≤37 w(C组)19例。对比3组术中、术后的相关指标;各组新生儿以及产妇预后情况;采用logistic多因素分析影响新生儿以及产妇不良结局的相关因素。结果术中出血量、术后住院时间、急诊手术率:A组<B组<C组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);三组产后出血率、子宫切除率、入住ICU率以及失血性休克率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);Logistic多因素分析显示,术中出血量、剖宫产次数、孕周、胎盘植入、侵入型胎盘植入、完全型胎盘植入是影响产妇不良结局的独立危险因素(P<0.05);三组均无新生儿死亡事件出现,新生儿窒息率、转入NICU率:A组<B组<C组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);孕周、出生时体重、胎盘植入、剖宫产次数、侵入型胎盘植入、完全型胎盘植入是影响新生儿不良结局的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论PAS患者在妊娠34-35w期间终止妊娠是最适宜的终止妊娠时间,可更好的平衡母婴之间的风险,且母婴结局相对更好。

时差成像胚胎培养系统观察精子DNA碎片化指数对卵胞浆内单精子显微注射的胚胎发育及临床结局的影响

目的使用时差成像(time-lapse imagining,TLI)胚胎培养系统观察精子DNA碎片化指数(DNA fragmentation index,DFI)对卵胞浆内单精子显微注射(intracytoplasmic sperm injection,ICSI)的胚胎发育指标及临床结局的影响。方法选取2023年1月至6月在上海交通大学医学院附属国际和平妇幼保健院辅助生殖科接受ICSI技术助孕的392对夫妇为研究对象,分为常规培养组284周期和TLI组108周期,再根据DFI≤15%、>15%~<30%、≥30%进一步分为正常组、临界组、异常组。比较各组的临床资料以及临床妊娠结局。统计学方法采用t检验、单因素方差分析、χ^(2)检验或Fisher确切概率法。结果6组的女方年龄、基础促卵泡激素(follicle stimulating hormone,FSH)、身体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)及获卵数比较,差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05);男方精液常规指标中,浓度和正常形态率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05);常规正常组、常规临界组、常规异常组、TLI正常组、TLI临界组和TLI异常组的前向运动精子率分别为(46.5±16.5)%、(31.0±14.2)%、(14.8±8.4)%、(41.6±16.2)%、(32.5±14.4)%、(19.3±11.1)%,常规异常组和TLI异常组的前向运动精子率分别低于常规正常组、常规临界组、TLI正常组和TLI临界组(P值均<0.05)。6组的卵裂率和囊胚形成率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。常规正常组、常规临界组、常规异常组、TLI正常组、TIL临界组和TLI异常组的受精率分别为(77.3±18.6)%、(78.6±17.1)%、(68.3±22.7)%、(77.4±14.5)%、(74.5±13.1)%、(63.1±25.4)%;常规异常组的受精率低于常规正常组、常规临界组、TLI正常组(P值均<0.05);TLI异常组的受精率低于常规正常组、常规临界组、TLI正常组、TLI临界组(P值均<0.05)。常规正常组、常规临界组、常规异常组的妊娠率分别为57.4%(39/68)、54.5%(24/44)、27.3%(6/22),异常组低于正常组和临界组(P值均<0.05)。TLI正常组、TLI临界组和TLI异常组3组的妊娠率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。常规组3组之间以及TLI 3组之间的早期流产率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论精子DFI值的升高会影响精子前向运动率,还会影响胚胎的受精率,高DFI精子进行ICSI助孕时使用TLI胚胎培养系统可以获得稳定的妊娠率。

妊娠期口腔急症的临床考量

妊娠期是口腔疾病患病和治疗的特殊时期,妊娠期发生的口腔急症需得到恰当的处置。一方面,孕妇生理环境、个人习惯的改变增加了部分口腔疾病的易患性;另一方面,为了保证孕妇和胎儿安全,临床治疗策略局限。孕妇应掌握口腔健康知识、增强口腔保健意识。口腔医生应在“孕前预防,孕期治标,孕后治本”的原则下,根据不同的妊娠时期制定合适的治疗方案,以最安全、简单、有效的手段控制急症、防止疾病进展,避免对孕妇和胎儿的不良影响。防治结合,让孕妇和口腔医生共同维护妊娠期口腔健康。本文围绕妊娠期治疗原则,对妊娠期口腔急症治疗的时机选择、临床管理和不同疾病的治疗策略等进行了总结。