This paper discusses the important role that flux profile relations play in momentum flux, sensible heat flux, and latent heat flux simulations in CoLM （Common Land Model） and compares the application of three flux ...This paper discusses the important role that flux profile relations play in momentum flux, sensible heat flux, and latent heat flux simulations in CoLM （Common Land Model） and compares the application of three flux profile relation schemes in CoLM by means of the Loess Plateau Land-Atmosphere Interaction Pilot Experiment （LOPEX） of 2005. It reveals that the results simulated by the model barely changed in the original flux profile schemes of the models a^er eliminating the very stable condition and the very unstable condition, and there were only tiny changes in numerical values. This indicates that the corrected terms added to fm（ξm）,fh（ξh） were very tiny and can be ignored under very stable and very unstable circumstances. According to a comparison of the three flux profile relations, the simulation results were basically coherent by using any CoLM： the correlation coefficient of the simulation value and the observed value was 0.89, and this bears on the coherence with the numerical procedures for the flux pro- file relations under unstable circumstances. The simulation results were improved considerably by utilizing the Lobocki flux pro- file schemes, which numerical procedures under unstable circumstances differed significantly fi＇om other three flux profile schemes; in this case the correlation coefficient of the value of simulation and the observed value became 0.95. In the next itera- tion of this study, it will be of great importance for the development of the land surface process model to continue experimenting with the application of some novel flux profile schemes in the land surface process models in typical regions.展开更多
A novel efficient semi-quantum private comparison protocol based on the d-dimensional GHZ states is proposed.With the assistance of semi-honest third party,two classical participants can compare the size relation of t...A novel efficient semi-quantum private comparison protocol based on the d-dimensional GHZ states is proposed.With the assistance of semi-honest third party,two classical participants can compare the size relation of their secrets without any information leakage.To reduce the consumption of quantum devices,the qubit efficiency of our protocol is improved by introducing the semi-quantum conception via the existing semi-quantum private comparisons.Furthermore,it is unnecessary to prepare the secure classical authentication channel among participants in advance.It is shown that our protocol is not only correct and efficient,but also free from external and internal attacks.展开更多
Background: Motor competence and health-related fitness are important components for the development and maintenance of a healthy lifestyle in children. This study examined cross-cultural performances on motor compete...Background: Motor competence and health-related fitness are important components for the development and maintenance of a healthy lifestyle in children. This study examined cross-cultural performances on motor competence and health-related fitness between Portuguese and U.S.children.Methods: Portuguese(n = 508; 10.14 § 2.13 years, mean § SD) and U.S.(n = 710; 9.48 § 1.62 years) children performed tests of cardiorespiratory fitness(Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance Run), upper body strength(handgrip), locomotor skill performance(standing long jump), and object projection skill performance(throwing and kicking). Portuguese and U.S. children were divided into 2 age groups(6à9 and 10à13 years) for data analysis purposes. A twoàfactor oneàway analysis of covariance(ANOVA) was conducted with the Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance Run, handgrip, standing long jump scores, kicking, and throwing speed(km/h) as dependent variables.Results: Results indicated that Portuguese children, irrespective of sex, presented better performances in locomotor and cardiorespiratory performance(standing long jump and Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance Run) than U.S. children in both age bands. U.S. children outperformed Portuguese children during throwing and handgrip tests. Kicking tests presented gender differences: Portuguese boys and U.S. girls outperformed their internationally matched counterparts.Conclusion: Cultural differences in physical education curricula and sports participation may impact differences in motor competence and fitness development in these countries.展开更多
To explore the status of undergraduates’WeChat usage and upward social comparison,and analyze the relationship between the above two variables.Totally 754 WeChat undergraduates were selected through poster recruitmen...To explore the status of undergraduates’WeChat usage and upward social comparison,and analyze the relationship between the above two variables.Totally 754 WeChat undergraduates were selected through poster recruitment from 5 colleges in Guangdong Province.They were investigated with Access Frequency to Social Networking Site Scale(AFSNSS),Upward Social Comparison Subscale of Iowa-Nwtherlands Comparison Orientation Measure(INCOM-USCS).The score of overall emotional engagement(OEE)of AFSNSS and the total standard score of INCOM–USCS(TSSI-U)were(22.41±4.70)and(0±4.5),respectively.The correlation between WeChat frequency and TSSI-U was not significant.TSSI-U was significantly positively correlated with the score of OEE and other items of AFSNSS(r=0.161~0.413,P<0.01).Multiple linear regression analysis showed that The scores of item 1,7and 8 of AFSNSS,as well as family economic status,grade ranking of academic performance(GRAP)and the purpose of WeChat use were postively correlated with TSSI-U(β=.104~.234,P<.05).Class cadre or not and origin were negatively correlated with TSSI-U(β=-.089,-.130,P<.05).Conclusion:It suggests that WeChat usage may be a related factor for undergraduates’upward social comparison.展开更多
Treatment of the wet form of age-related macular degeneration(wet AMD) has been revolutionized a decade ago with the introduction of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) blockers that reduce neovascularization and...Treatment of the wet form of age-related macular degeneration(wet AMD) has been revolutionized a decade ago with the introduction of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) blockers that reduce neovascularization and macular edema. Two approved drugs are marketed for the treatment of wet AMD—ranibizumab and aflibercept, but there is a third drug, bevacizumab, which is widely used offlabel; a cancer drug that also blocks VEGF but was never tested in pivotal trials and never approved for ophthalmic indications including wet AMD. Similarity of bevacizumab to ranibizumab led to off-label use and even to government-sponsored studies comparison the approved ranibizumab head-to-head to the offlabel cancer drug bevacizumab in wet AMD, like the Comparison of Age-related Macular Degeneration Treatments Trials(CATT) study, discussed in this perspective paper. Recent publication of 5-year follow-up from the initial 2-year CATT study provided the occasion to discuss the similarities and differences between these two drugs and the lessons learned from the last decade of anti-VEGF therapy for wet AMD. Clinical efficacy is comparable, with an advantage for ranibizumab. Likewise, safety finding favor ranibizumab over bevacizumab in some aspects. The latest addition of approved anti-VEGF drugs for wet AMD, aflibercept, may provide even more benefit to patients. In this perspective we discuss results of CATT and other longterm follow-up and comparative studies. While all demonstrate clinical benefit of anti-VEGF, all reveal that most patients' loose visual acuity(VA) in real-life situations over 5–7 years. This loss is based on—what we believe—significant under-treatment of wet AMD patients, due to economic or practical limitations and overestimation of perceived risks as geographic atrophy. We compare own data that showed more intensive treatment(more than twice the CATT-follow-up injections) with ranibizumab or aflibercept can maintain a sustained gain in VA in wet AMD patients after 6 years. We encourage retina specialists to treat wet AMD patients more aggressively and frequently in order to provide the maximum benefit for their patients.展开更多
目的:中国药典2005年版(chP 2005)中青霉素 V 钾有关物质分析方法与其他药典及文献报道方法在流动相、检测波长、杂质限度等方面存在较大差异,本文比较了几种典型的青霉素 V 钾有关物质分析方法,为完善中国药典中青霉素 V 钾有关物质控...目的:中国药典2005年版(chP 2005)中青霉素 V 钾有关物质分析方法与其他药典及文献报道方法在流动相、检测波长、杂质限度等方面存在较大差异,本文比较了几种典型的青霉素 V 钾有关物质分析方法,为完善中国药典中青霉素 V 钾有关物质控制方法提供科学依据。方法:采用 SinoChrom ODS-BP 柱(150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),柱温35℃,以青霉素 V 钾及其杂质的分离情况为指标,比较了 ChP 2005方法和文献报道方法[流动相组成同欧洲药典5.1版方法,但采用等度洗脱]的专属性;由于在 pH 3.5时,醋酸盐缓冲系统的缓冲能力优于磷酸盐缓冲系统,故考察了将文献报道方法中 pH 3.5磷酸盐缓冲液换为 pH 3.5醋酸盐缓冲液后系统的专属性变化;比较了青霉素 V 钾及其有关物质的 UV 图谱,为检测波长的合理选择提供依据。结果:文献报道方法的专属性优于 ChP 2005方法,能将青霉素 V 钾及其有关物质较好地分离;将 pH 3.5磷酸盐缓冲液换为 pH 3.5醋酸盐缓冲液后,方法的专属性无明显改变;除青霉素外,青霉素 V 及其杂质的 UV 吸收值均为:A(254 nm)<A(268 nm)<A(220 nm),但考虑到220 nm 接近 UV 末端检测,容易受到试剂等因素的影响,故建议青霉素 V 钾有关物质控制采用268 nm 检测。结论:基于本文结果,为完善 ChP 2005中青霉素 V 钾质量标准,建议:(1)将青霉素 V 钾原料及制剂中有关物质检查方法中的流动相改为专属性更好的文献方法流动相或者改进后的流动相,检测波长仍采用原方法的268 nm 检测;(2)为促进青霉素 V 钾原料及制剂产品质量的提高,建议有关物质检查项中增加单一杂质的限度,采用外标法或者校正因子法控制单一杂质。展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41005009,41375001,and 41175009)
文摘This paper discusses the important role that flux profile relations play in momentum flux, sensible heat flux, and latent heat flux simulations in CoLM （Common Land Model） and compares the application of three flux profile relation schemes in CoLM by means of the Loess Plateau Land-Atmosphere Interaction Pilot Experiment （LOPEX） of 2005. It reveals that the results simulated by the model barely changed in the original flux profile schemes of the models a^er eliminating the very stable condition and the very unstable condition, and there were only tiny changes in numerical values. This indicates that the corrected terms added to fm（ξm）,fh（ξh） were very tiny and can be ignored under very stable and very unstable circumstances. According to a comparison of the three flux profile relations, the simulation results were basically coherent by using any CoLM： the correlation coefficient of the simulation value and the observed value was 0.89, and this bears on the coherence with the numerical procedures for the flux pro- file relations under unstable circumstances. The simulation results were improved considerably by utilizing the Lobocki flux pro- file schemes, which numerical procedures under unstable circumstances differed significantly fi＇om other three flux profile schemes; in this case the correlation coefficient of the value of simulation and the observed value became 0.95. In the next itera- tion of this study, it will be of great importance for the development of the land surface process model to continue experimenting with the application of some novel flux profile schemes in the land surface process models in typical regions.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62161025 and 61871205)the Project of Scientific and Technological Innovation Base of Jiangxi Province,China(Grant No.20203CCD46008)the Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Fusion and Information Control,China(Grant No.20171BCD40005).
文摘A novel efficient semi-quantum private comparison protocol based on the d-dimensional GHZ states is proposed.With the assistance of semi-honest third party,two classical participants can compare the size relation of their secrets without any information leakage.To reduce the consumption of quantum devices,the qubit efficiency of our protocol is improved by introducing the semi-quantum conception via the existing semi-quantum private comparisons.Furthermore,it is unnecessary to prepare the secure classical authentication channel among participants in advance.It is shown that our protocol is not only correct and efficient,but also free from external and internal attacks.
基金supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health (1R15HD071514-01A1 and R21HD05562101A2)the National Association for Sport and Physical Education Research Grant Program
文摘Background: Motor competence and health-related fitness are important components for the development and maintenance of a healthy lifestyle in children. This study examined cross-cultural performances on motor competence and health-related fitness between Portuguese and U.S.children.Methods: Portuguese(n = 508; 10.14 § 2.13 years, mean § SD) and U.S.(n = 710; 9.48 § 1.62 years) children performed tests of cardiorespiratory fitness(Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance Run), upper body strength(handgrip), locomotor skill performance(standing long jump), and object projection skill performance(throwing and kicking). Portuguese and U.S. children were divided into 2 age groups(6à9 and 10à13 years) for data analysis purposes. A twoàfactor oneàway analysis of covariance(ANOVA) was conducted with the Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance Run, handgrip, standing long jump scores, kicking, and throwing speed(km/h) as dependent variables.Results: Results indicated that Portuguese children, irrespective of sex, presented better performances in locomotor and cardiorespiratory performance(standing long jump and Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance Run) than U.S. children in both age bands. U.S. children outperformed Portuguese children during throwing and handgrip tests. Kicking tests presented gender differences: Portuguese boys and U.S. girls outperformed their internationally matched counterparts.Conclusion: Cultural differences in physical education curricula and sports participation may impact differences in motor competence and fitness development in these countries.
文摘To explore the status of undergraduates’WeChat usage and upward social comparison,and analyze the relationship between the above two variables.Totally 754 WeChat undergraduates were selected through poster recruitment from 5 colleges in Guangdong Province.They were investigated with Access Frequency to Social Networking Site Scale(AFSNSS),Upward Social Comparison Subscale of Iowa-Nwtherlands Comparison Orientation Measure(INCOM-USCS).The score of overall emotional engagement(OEE)of AFSNSS and the total standard score of INCOM–USCS(TSSI-U)were(22.41±4.70)and(0±4.5),respectively.The correlation between WeChat frequency and TSSI-U was not significant.TSSI-U was significantly positively correlated with the score of OEE and other items of AFSNSS(r=0.161~0.413,P<0.01).Multiple linear regression analysis showed that The scores of item 1,7and 8 of AFSNSS,as well as family economic status,grade ranking of academic performance(GRAP)and the purpose of WeChat use were postively correlated with TSSI-U(β=.104~.234,P<.05).Class cadre or not and origin were negatively correlated with TSSI-U(β=-.089,-.130,P<.05).Conclusion:It suggests that WeChat usage may be a related factor for undergraduates’upward social comparison.
文摘Treatment of the wet form of age-related macular degeneration(wet AMD) has been revolutionized a decade ago with the introduction of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) blockers that reduce neovascularization and macular edema. Two approved drugs are marketed for the treatment of wet AMD—ranibizumab and aflibercept, but there is a third drug, bevacizumab, which is widely used offlabel; a cancer drug that also blocks VEGF but was never tested in pivotal trials and never approved for ophthalmic indications including wet AMD. Similarity of bevacizumab to ranibizumab led to off-label use and even to government-sponsored studies comparison the approved ranibizumab head-to-head to the offlabel cancer drug bevacizumab in wet AMD, like the Comparison of Age-related Macular Degeneration Treatments Trials(CATT) study, discussed in this perspective paper. Recent publication of 5-year follow-up from the initial 2-year CATT study provided the occasion to discuss the similarities and differences between these two drugs and the lessons learned from the last decade of anti-VEGF therapy for wet AMD. Clinical efficacy is comparable, with an advantage for ranibizumab. Likewise, safety finding favor ranibizumab over bevacizumab in some aspects. The latest addition of approved anti-VEGF drugs for wet AMD, aflibercept, may provide even more benefit to patients. In this perspective we discuss results of CATT and other longterm follow-up and comparative studies. While all demonstrate clinical benefit of anti-VEGF, all reveal that most patients' loose visual acuity(VA) in real-life situations over 5–7 years. This loss is based on—what we believe—significant under-treatment of wet AMD patients, due to economic or practical limitations and overestimation of perceived risks as geographic atrophy. We compare own data that showed more intensive treatment(more than twice the CATT-follow-up injections) with ranibizumab or aflibercept can maintain a sustained gain in VA in wet AMD patients after 6 years. We encourage retina specialists to treat wet AMD patients more aggressively and frequently in order to provide the maximum benefit for their patients.
