The global climate change and intensification of human activities in recent decades have made profound changes in hydrological cycle processes and water resources,and produced serious water problems and water crisis i...The global climate change and intensification of human activities in recent decades have made profound changes in hydrological cycle processes and water resources,and produced serious water problems and water crisis in many areas.The main reason is that the driving force of water cycle,the structure of water cycle,and the parameters of water cycle have dualistically evolved under the influence of human activities,and consequently resulted in reduction of runoff water resources,water pollution,and degradation of natural ecosystems.In order to realize of the safety aim of water supply,water environment,and ecosystem in area which is short of water resources,scientific regulation of water resources must take basin water cycle system as the unified base,and the first scientific basis is the awareness of the internal mechanism and law of water cycle evolution under highly intensive human activities.This article discussed four aspects of dualistic water cycle evolution,including its history in China,its theory,its characteristics in a typical basin,and its description of integral structure,along with the conceptive model system to quantify it.This article can be a reference to the basic cognition of water cycle evolution in a changing environment,and the study of water resources reduction reasons in the contemporary age.展开更多
物种多样性地理分布格局及其成因是生物地理学和宏观生态学研究的核心问题之一。为了解释物种多样性的分布格局,人们提出了多种假说,其中讨论最多的是能量假说。该假说认为,物种多样性的变化受能量控制。根据能量的不同形式及其对物种...物种多样性地理分布格局及其成因是生物地理学和宏观生态学研究的核心问题之一。为了解释物种多样性的分布格局,人们提出了多种假说,其中讨论最多的是能量假说。该假说认为,物种多样性的变化受能量控制。根据能量的不同形式及其对物种多样性的影响机制,能量假说包括以下几种形式:生产力假说(productivity hypothesis)、水分—能量动态假说(water-energy dynamic hypothesis)、环境能量假说(ambientenergy hypothesis)、寒冷忍耐假说(freezing tolerance hypothesis)以及生态学代谢假说(metabolic theory of ecology,MTE)。本文系统介绍了每种能量假说的含义、所使用的能量形式及表征变量,以及对物种多样性的影响机制,并对不同形式的能量假说进行了比较,在此基础上,分析了每种能量假说的优点和缺点以及各自面临的问题。展开更多
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(2006CB403401)the Funds for Creative Research Groups of China(51021006)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(50809076,51009149,and 51279209)
文摘The global climate change and intensification of human activities in recent decades have made profound changes in hydrological cycle processes and water resources,and produced serious water problems and water crisis in many areas.The main reason is that the driving force of water cycle,the structure of water cycle,and the parameters of water cycle have dualistically evolved under the influence of human activities,and consequently resulted in reduction of runoff water resources,water pollution,and degradation of natural ecosystems.In order to realize of the safety aim of water supply,water environment,and ecosystem in area which is short of water resources,scientific regulation of water resources must take basin water cycle system as the unified base,and the first scientific basis is the awareness of the internal mechanism and law of water cycle evolution under highly intensive human activities.This article discussed four aspects of dualistic water cycle evolution,including its history in China,its theory,its characteristics in a typical basin,and its description of integral structure,along with the conceptive model system to quantify it.This article can be a reference to the basic cognition of water cycle evolution in a changing environment,and the study of water resources reduction reasons in the contemporary age.
文摘物种多样性地理分布格局及其成因是生物地理学和宏观生态学研究的核心问题之一。为了解释物种多样性的分布格局,人们提出了多种假说,其中讨论最多的是能量假说。该假说认为,物种多样性的变化受能量控制。根据能量的不同形式及其对物种多样性的影响机制,能量假说包括以下几种形式:生产力假说(productivity hypothesis)、水分—能量动态假说(water-energy dynamic hypothesis)、环境能量假说(ambientenergy hypothesis)、寒冷忍耐假说(freezing tolerance hypothesis)以及生态学代谢假说(metabolic theory of ecology,MTE)。本文系统介绍了每种能量假说的含义、所使用的能量形式及表征变量,以及对物种多样性的影响机制,并对不同形式的能量假说进行了比较,在此基础上,分析了每种能量假说的优点和缺点以及各自面临的问题。
