Development of a Sports Safety Promotion Framework Based on KABP Theory and 4M Management

This study explores the significance,current research landscape,and conceptualization of sports safety promotion.Safety in sports is fundamental to youth physical activities,and an excessive focus on or neglect of safety is unwarranted.Globally,numerous countries have extensively researched sports safety promotion and implemented diverse strategies.Drawing from KABP(Knowledge,Attitude,Behavior,Practice)theory and 4M(Man,Machine,Medium,Management)management,this paper presents a conceptual framework for sports safety promotion.It integrates these theories to devise a comprehensive accident prevention model within a sports safety promotion system.The framework prioritizes enhancing students’safety literacy and underscores the practical application of safety knowledge and skills in simulated sports settings following structured safety education.It aims to enhance students’competency and proficiency in averting sports-related injuries.

Questions of Theory and Practice: To Synthesis, Analysis and Evaluation Natural Systems of Pacific Russia Based on Models of Landscape Geosystems

The results of long-term author’s scientific research in the field of geological and geographical study and landscape mapping of large regional links, such as Sikhote-Alinsky, Sakhalinsky, Kamchatsky, Anadyrsky, located in the Pacific landscape belt of Russia, are considered (Starozhilov, 2013). The studies were conducted at the medium scale (1:500,000) and were accompanied by landscape mapping (Starozhilov, 2016). The proposed article discusses the theory and practice of the overall results and the strategic vision of applying the landscape approach with selected examples. The wide range of possibilities of applying the landscape approach in studying the interaction of nature and society is emphasized. The importance and the indisputable need for the synthesis, analysis and assessment of natural systems based on the mapping of landscape geosystems to assess the environmental management of not only regional territories, but also of Pacific Russia as a whole are noted.

Translation Quality Assessment： Bridge the Gap between Theory and Practice

Translation Quality Assessment （TQA） is a central concern for both academic research and translation practice. Yet consensus on the issue has almost never been reached among theorists and practitioners. In this paper, a detailed comparison between academic and professional assessment has been made mainly in terms of text type, assessment criteria and models. It is believed that a ＂one size fits all＂ model across academy and industry is neither possible nor necessary. However, the gaps in between could be narrowed down by increasing communication and cooperation between theorists and practitioners, who are advised to turn their focus to translator＇s competence and evaluation process.

Application of formal safety assessment in planning VTS

To ensure that limited resources are allocated more effectively to reduce marine risks, formal safety assessment (FSA), a proactive method, is introduced in planning a vessel traffic system (VTS). Based on the data of Wuhan port, some new solutions based on risk-indices are put forward. The weighted number of traffic accidents is predicted after the future weighted vessel traffic volume is estimated by analyzing the trend of trade development. To analyze risk acceptability, the as-low-as-reasonably-practicable (ALARP) matrix is transformed into a new model containing two parameters: the future weighted vessel traffic volume and the future weighted number of traffic accidents. The new risk control options (RCOs)can be identified by a revised Domino model with several feedback loops from all system levels to close a limited window of accident opportunity. The results indicate that the four most beneficial RCOs are a wider sub-area 1 channel, a VTS bridges area, a dredging sub-area 2 main route, and a VTS QSX anchorage to the 3rd bridge. The FSA is a method that is effective in evaluating the rationality, necessity and cost-effectiveness of VTS projects.

Handling Uncertainty in Human Cognitive Reliability Method for Safety Assessment Based on DSET

Human Reliability Analysis(HRA)is an important part in safety assessment of a large complex system.Human Cognitive Reliability(HCR)model is a method of evaluating the probability that operators fail to complete during diagnostic decision making within a limited time,which is widely used in HRA.In the application of this method,cognitive patterns of humans are required to be considered and classified,and this process often relies on the evaluation opinions of experts which is highly subjective and uncertain.How to effectively express and process this uncertain and subjective information plays a critical role in improving the accuracy and applicability of HCR.In this paper,a new model was proposed to deal with the uncertain information which exists in the processes of cognitive pattern classification in HCR.First,an evaluation panel was constructed based on expert opinions and processing including setting corresponding anchor points and qualitative indicators of different cognitive patterns,and mapping them to fuzzy numbers and unit intervals.Second,based on the evaluation panel,different analysts judge the cognitive pattern types of actual specific events and provide the level of confidence he or she has in the judgments.Finally,the evaluation opinions of multiple analysts were expressed and fused based on the Dempster-Shafer Evidence Theory(DSET),and the fused results were applied to the HCR model to obtain the Human Error Probability(HEP).A case study was used to demonstrate the procedure and effectiveness of the proposed method.

Flight Safety System Evaluation and Optimal Linear Prediction

The complexity of flight safety system is usually affected by a variety of uncertainties.The uncertainty of overall security situation of flight safety system are hardly determined.In this work,flight safety assessment index system is firstly established based on software hardware environment liveware management(SHELM)model.And flight safety assessment is also carried out with matter-element theory algorithm to obtain safety state.According to correlation degree values of each evaluation index,key indexes affected flight safety are obtained.Under the assumption that the flight safety system is a linear dynamic system and combining the above evaluation analysis,Kalman filter algorithm is used to carry out prediction analysis on security situation.A simulation analysis is carried out based on an actual flight safety situation of an airline.The results show that the security state of airline flight safety system in a short period of time can be obtained,and main factors affecting flight safety are found out.This provides a viable way for airlines to further strengthen flight safety management.

Risk management modeling and its application in maritime safety

Quantified risk assessment(QRA) needs mathematicization of risk theory.However,attention has been paid almost exclusively to applications of assessment methods,which has led to neglect of research into fundamental theories,such as the relationships among risk,safety,danger,and so on.In order to solve this problem,as a first step,fundamental theoretical relationships about risk and risk management were analyzed for this paper in the light of mathematics,and then illustrated with some charts.Second,man-machine-environment-management(MMEM) theory was introduced into risk theory to analyze some properties of risk.On the basis of this,a three-dimensional model of risk management was established that includes:a goal dimension;a management dimension;an operation dimension.This goal management operation(GMO) model was explained and then emphasis was laid on the discussion of the risk flowchart(operation dimension),which lays the groundwork for further study of risk management and qualitative and quantitative assessment.Next,the relationship between Formal Safety Assessment(FSA) and Risk Management was researched.This revealed that the FSA method,which the international maritime organization(IMO) is actively spreading,comes from Risk Management theory.Finally,conclusion were made about how to apply this risk management method to concrete fields efficiently and conveniently,as well as areas where further research is required.

未确知测度理论在盾构下穿既有隧道安全风险评价中的应用

盾构下穿既有隧道工程施工通常存在较大风险,为了对风险等级做出准确有效的评价,提出了基于未确知测度理论的盾构下穿既有隧道安全风险评价模型。首先,通过对相关规范和现有文献的研究,并结合盾构下穿隧道施工的特点,构建了盾构下穿既有隧道安全风险评价指标体系,包括盾构掘进参数、新建隧道条件、既有隧道条件、地质条件和施工管理条件5个一级指标,以及掘进速度、掘进推力、注浆压力等19个二级指标;其次,将综合安全风险划分为5个等级,并明确了各指标的等级划分标准;然后基于熵权-未确知测度理论构建盾构下穿既有隧道安全风险评价模型,采用熵权法确定指标权重,根据未确知测度理论构建各指标的单指标未确知测度函数,将各指标数据值代入单指标未确知测度函数中得到单指标测度评价矩阵,结合指标权重和单指标测度评价矩阵计算得到多指标测度评价向量,依照置信度准则确定安全风险等级;最后,将提出的模型应用于实际盾构下穿既有隧道工程中,对其进行安全风险等级评价。结果表明,模型评价结果与实际风险等级一致,并通过与模糊层析分析法对比验证了所提模型应用于工程实践的有效性,研究结果可为实际施工安全管理提供决策支持。

优化职业学校学生实习选择权:社会实践理论的应用与策略

采用布迪厄的社会实践理论,考察场域动力学、惯习模式和资本转换三个维度,揭示了实习选择权的社会生态结构。研究发现,教育资源分配的不均衡、学生惯习与社会期望之间的冲突,以及资本积累的不平等问题,是实习选择权面临的主要挑战。对此,提出了构建全面的实习评价与反馈体系、培养职业规划意识、优化实习资源配置和深化校企合作等策略。

护理专升本《基础护理理论与实践》课程教学研究

目的了解护理专升本学生对《基础护理理论与实践》课程教学的感受,为提高教学和学习效果提供参考依据。方法选取2021年3—7月新疆医科大学698名专升本护生为调查对象,采用问卷调查的方式,探讨《基础护理理论与实践》课程的授课内容、教学方法及考核方式等。结果1)在护理专升本学生中,女生609名(87.25%)占比大于男生89名(12.75%);北疆379名(54.30%)高于南疆271名(38.83%)和疆外48名(6.88%);对专业感兴趣的为481名(68.91%),不感兴趣的为75名(10.74%)。2)在理论学习方面,学生认为排列在前3位的重要内容为:静脉输液与输血633名(90.69%)、病情观察及危重症患者的管理607名(86.96%)、给药598名(85.67%)。实验项目中,学生认为心肺复苏最重要626名(89.68%),其次为静脉输液620名(88.83%)及各种注射法616名(88.25%)。3)授课方式方面:理论授课中选择案例式教学法最多623名(89.26%),实验授课中选择演示法最多607名(86.96%)。4)在考核评价方式方面:选择线上考核的形式的学生最多,共565名(80.95%)。结论专升本的学生在性别、生源地、对专业的兴趣度及选择专升本的原因存在多元化,学生在学习中对教学内容、教学方法及考核评价方式的选择存在差异,教师应根据学生实际情况,调整教学内容、教学方法及考核评价方法,以提高教学效果。

基于变权物元可拓的中小机场空管运行安全态势评估

在建立了由人员因素、设备因素、环境因素、管理因素4个一级指标和16个二级指标的评估指标体系的基础上,根据层次分析法确定各指标的初始常权权重,引入变权向量后计算得到变权权重;结合物元可拓评估模型,得到量化的安全态势值。以某空管运行单位为例,得到的结果为“一般”,与专家评估结果和常权法模型评估结果相比较,证明了该评估模型的可行性,并且评估准确度优于传统模型。

基于BWM-DS证据理论的大风浪环境下渔船航行安全评估

为预判渔船在大风浪环境下航行时的安全状况,从人、船、环境和管理等4方面进行分析,结合因果分析图法建立渔船在大风浪环境下航行的安全评估指标体系。运用最优最劣法(BWM)确定各指标的权重,采用D-S证据理论的合成标准融合各评价指标的权重,通过基本信任函数赋值的方法得到基本可信度值,确定其风险,得到基于BWM-DS证据理论的渔船安全评估新模型。运用该模型对渔船“粤阳江渔07128”在大风浪环境下翻沉的事故进行评估,验证该模型的有效性。评估结果表明,采用该模型评估所得结果与事故实际情况和专家主观评估结果相符,证明该模型能有效评价渔船在大风浪环境下的安全航行状况。

食品安全网络舆情信息传播风险影响因素研究

[研究目的]近年来社会高度关注食品安全问题,由食品安全事件引发的网络舆情风险递增,对社会稳定产生负面影响。因此,通过构建食品安全网络舆情信息传播风险评估模型,分析影响风险类型的关键因素,以帮助相关部门及时发现和评估舆情风险,提高风险预警能力。[研究方法]基于言语行为理论,将舆情信息内容作为研究对象,由说话者言语信息构建舆情信息传播风险影响因素特征集,由受话者言语信息构建风险类型的多标签标注体系,并借助稀疏性多标签学习模型对关键特征进行选择,实现对网络舆情信息传播风险影响因素的研究。[研究结论]实验结果表明,该模型可有效提取影响信息传播风险类型的关键特征,为食品安全网络舆情的风险监测与预警提供决策依据。

富水软土深基坑多元信息模糊可拓风险评估模型及应用

富水软土地层地铁车站深基坑施工难度大,施工环境复杂,安全风险高。依托广州某地铁车站深基坑工程,采用WBS-RBS(Work Breakdown Structure-Risk Breakdown Structure)法建立富水软土深基坑施工安全风险辨识的多元指标评价体系。通过资料收集和现场施工调研,将车站主体结构中的施工质量风险、监控风险、人员与设备风险、周边环境风险、自然环境风险作为一级风险指标。采用改进模糊层次分析法计算指标权重,物元可拓模型确定关联度及等级,并将各指标权重与关联度结合构建风险量化模型。研究显示,基坑施工质量风险大于周边环境风险,其中地下连续墙接缝渗漏水和坑内涌水对基坑的影响较大。根据评估结果采取措施,计算结果与实际工程相符,表明多元信息模糊可拓法可以推广应用于类似工程。

模糊DBN的室内燃气泄漏动态风险评估方法研究

为有效分析并评估室内燃气泄漏风险,运用蝴蝶结模型对室内燃气事故危险源进行识别;并利用模糊集理论改进动态贝叶斯模型,弥补因数据缺失带来的误差,实现风险评估从静态到动态的转变,从而构建一种基于蝴蝶结(Bow-Tie,BT)模型模糊动态贝叶斯网络(Dynamic Bayesian Network,DBN)的室内燃气事故动态风险评估方法,并结合实际案例验证模型有效性和可行性。结果表明:依据该模型得到的关键风险因子能够为居民燃气安全风险防控提供参考;同时,该方法能够分析原因事件失效后各事故后果发生概率在各时间片的变化,模拟结果与实际相吻合。

高压变电站涉鸟故障风险评估方法研究

近年来,高压变电站涉鸟故障频发,严重威胁变电站的安全稳定运行。为评估高压变电站涉鸟故障风险,从故障机理、故障敏感性、故障后果三个维度构建了变电站涉鸟故障风险评估体系,提出了一种基于球形模糊理论组合赋权和逼近理想解排序法(Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution,TOPSIS)的变电站涉鸟故障风险评估方法,采用此方法对江西省内88座变电站进行风险评估并划分为三个风险等级。结果表明:球形模糊理论改进的层次分析法削弱了非必要的主观特性,基于最小离差函数的组合赋权法兼顾了主观判断和数据信息,得到的结果相比于单一主、客观赋权更合理;引入马氏距离和灰色关联度的TOPSIS克服了欧氏距离的缺陷,提高了评估准确性,并通过历史涉鸟故障数据进行了验证。结果可指导变电站涉鸟故障差异化防治。

主机吊装出舱结构安全性评估方法研究

文章提出基于目标船主机吊装出舱方案及工装设计。通过梳理主机吊装出舱过程中安全评估涉及的相关规范,提出了吊装过程中船体结构计算和评估方法。针对多根吊索在交替使用过程中,容易发生吊索失效或受力不均的问题,提出了确定意外载荷系数的方法,并与有限元直接计算方法对比,对单跨梁和三跨梁理论的适用性做了论证,为指导主机吊装作业提供了理论依据。

“食品安全与检测”课程理论与实践融合教学模式探索

文章通过对“食品安全与检测”课程“理论与实践融合教学模式”的探索与实践,夯实了学生的专业知识与技能,强化了当代大学生的职业道德教育。实践证明,“食品安全与检测”课程理论与实践的融合,不仅使学生们对专业知识更感兴趣,还能增强其自主学习意识,提高职业道德素养。

面向复杂空域的多航空器交互风险评估方法

为评估复杂交通场景下的多航空器的交互风险,由空中交通风险与势场理论的相似性,创新性地提出了“多航空器与空域环境的交互势场”概念。构造以航空器、空域点关键及航路为势场源的交互势场,并分别提出了航空器、空域关键点及航路交互势场的生成函数模型;构造随时间变化的历史航迹势场模型,提出考虑历史航迹的短期影响效应的交互势场修正方法;考虑航空器在水平与垂直维度的多场景安全间隔标准,求解满足安全间隔标准的交互势场生成函数参数;考虑多势场源的交互特征,提出了航空器、空域关键点及航路交互势场的融合机制。借鉴势场力与势能的转化关系,提出了基于势能的航空器交互风险指标R_(PE),从能量的角度,揭示了多航空器交互以及航空器与空域环境交互的风险变化过程。为验证评估方法的有效性,以国内某真实扇区为场景开展仿真实验,结果表明:①与其他风险表征指标相比,所提的交互风险指标R_(PE)更接近于空中交通管制员感知到的风险指数;②在某些区间,R_(PE)表现的更为灵敏,平均绝对误差为0.077,明显低于传统基于冲突时间的风险指数RATSR。综上,本文所提出的交互风险评估方法有望为未来空中复杂交通场景的风险管理提供更加精确的决策支撑。