Present studies in physics assume that elementary particles are the building blocks of all matter, and that they are zero-dimensional objects which do not occupy space. The new I-Theory predicts that elementary partic...Present studies in physics assume that elementary particles are the building blocks of all matter, and that they are zero-dimensional objects which do not occupy space. The new I-Theory predicts that elementary particles do indeed have a substructure, three dimensions, and occupy space, being composed of fundamental particles called I-particles. In this article we identify the substructural pattern of elementary particles and define the quanta of energy that form each elementary particle. We demonstrate that the substructure comprises two classes of quanta which we call “attraction quanta” and “repulsion quanta”. We create a model that defines the rest-mass energy of each elementary particle and can predict new particles. Lastly, in order to incorporate this knowledge into the contemporary models of science, a revised periodic table is proposed.展开更多
针对智能航电系统在非线性耦合运行场景下产生的预期功能安全(safety of the intended functionality,SOTIF)问题,提出一种将系统理论过程分析(systematic theory process analysis,STPA)与决策试验与评价实验法(decision-making trial ...针对智能航电系统在非线性耦合运行场景下产生的预期功能安全(safety of the intended functionality,SOTIF)问题,提出一种将系统理论过程分析(systematic theory process analysis,STPA)与决策试验与评价实验法(decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory,DEMATEL)相结合的致因分析框架。首先,在定义系统级危险的基础上构建安全控制结构,识别其不安全控制行为并提取与智能化缺陷相关的STPA致因要素。接下来,引入毕达哥拉斯模糊加权平均算子和闵可夫斯基距离对传统DEMATEL方法进行优化,专家根据控制反馈回路对致因要素进行评价并计算其中心度与原因度。最后,分析STPA致因要素与SOTIF致因属性之间的映射关系,给出关键致因要素的风险减缓措施。以单一飞行员驾驶(single-pilot operation,SPO)模式下的虚拟驾驶员助理系统为例说明了所提方法的可行性与有效性。研究结果表明,改进的STPA-DEMATEL方法可以有效识别关键致因要素,且能够克服专家评价的模糊性与不确定性,为智能航电系统的安全性设计提供了参考依据。展开更多
传统混凝土养护箱存在着设定条件不足、设备较大、正常使用移动不便等问题,本文基于TRIZ理论(Theory of the solution of inventive problems)中的功能分析、裁剪分析、因果轴分析、物-场分析和技术矛盾分析方法,对混凝土养护箱进行优...传统混凝土养护箱存在着设定条件不足、设备较大、正常使用移动不便等问题,本文基于TRIZ理论(Theory of the solution of inventive problems)中的功能分析、裁剪分析、因果轴分析、物-场分析和技术矛盾分析方法,对混凝土养护箱进行优化设计,并提出了一种可移动拆卸和远程操作设定的混凝土养护箱设计思路。展开更多
Analysis of a four-dimensional displacement vector on the fabric of space-time in the special or general case into two Four-dimensional vectors, according to specific conditions leads to the splitting of the total fab...Analysis of a four-dimensional displacement vector on the fabric of space-time in the special or general case into two Four-dimensional vectors, according to specific conditions leads to the splitting of the total fabric of space-time into a positive subspace-time that represents the space of causality and a negative subspace-time which represents a space without causality, thus, in the special case, we have new transformations for the coordinates of space and time modified from Lorentz transformations specific to each subspace, where the contraction of length disappears and the speed of light is no longer a universal constant. In the general case, we have new types of matric tensor, one for positive subspace-time and the other for negative subspace-time. We also find that the speed of the photon decreases in positive subspace-time until it reaches zero and increases in negative subspace-time until it reaches the speed of light when the photon reaches the Schwarzschild radius.展开更多
为预防失控类事故引发的灾难性后果,选取航空安全网(Aviation Safety Network,ASN)2015—2022年102起失控类事故为样本,以2018年“10·29”印尼客机坠毁事故为例,采用基于系统理论的因果分析(Causal Analysis based on System Theor...为预防失控类事故引发的灾难性后果,选取航空安全网(Aviation Safety Network,ASN)2015—2022年102起失控类事故为样本,以2018年“10·29”印尼客机坠毁事故为例,采用基于系统理论的因果分析(Causal Analysis based on System Theory,CAST)方法从系统角度梳理并识别失控类事故发生过程中涉及的安全控制缺陷。在此基础上,采用故障树分析(Fault Tree Analysis,FTA)法绘制失控类事故故障树模型,并对其进行定性、定量分析,得出失控类事故的主要致因。结果表明:基于CAST模型分析识别出25个系统缺陷;通过故障树定性分析得出16个最小割集;通过定量分析计算出失控类事故在所有事故中发生的概率为0.40086;确定机组操作不当、机组沟通不足、飞机系统缺陷及飞机制造商假设不全、制造商未提供相关文件为失控类事故的主要影响因素。展开更多
Advances on bidirectional intelligence are overviewed along three threads,with extensions and new perspectives.The first thread is about bidirectional learning architecture,exploring five dualities that enable Lmser s...Advances on bidirectional intelligence are overviewed along three threads,with extensions and new perspectives.The first thread is about bidirectional learning architecture,exploring five dualities that enable Lmser six cognitive functions and provide new perspectives on which a lot of extensions and particularlly flexible Lmser are proposed.Interestingly,either or two of these dualities actually takes an important role in recent models such as U-net,ResNet,and Dense Net.The second thread is about bidirectional learning principles unified by best yIng-yAng(IA)harmony in BYY system.After getting insights on deep bidirectional learning from a bird-viewing on existing typical learning principles from one or both of the inward and outward directions,maximum likelihood,variational principle,and several other learning principles are summarised as exemplars of the BYY learning,with new perspectives on advanced topics.The third thread further proceeds to deep bidirectional intelligence,driven by long term dynamics(LTD)for parameter learning and short term dynamics(STD)for image thinking and rational thinking in harmony.Image thinking deals with information flow of continuously valued arrays and especially image sequence,as if thinking was displayed in the real world,exemplified by the flow from inward encoding/cognition to outward reconstruction/transformation performed in Lmser learning and BYY learning.In contrast,rational thinking handles symbolic strings or discretely valued vectors,performing uncertainty reasoning and problem solving.In particular,a general thesis is proposed for bidirectional intelligence,featured by BYY intelligence potential theory(BYY-IPT)and nine essential dualities in architecture,fundamentals,and implementation,respectively.Then,problems of combinatorial solving and uncertainty reasoning are investigated from this BYY IPT perspective.First,variants and extensions are suggested for AlphaGoZero like searching tasks,such as traveling salesman problem(TSP)and attributed graph matching(AGM)that are turned into Go like problems with help of a feature enrichment technique.Second,reasoning activities are summarized under guidance of BYY IPT from the aspects of constraint satisfaction,uncertainty propagation,and path or tree searching.Particularly,causal potential theory is proposed for discovering causal direction,with two roads developed for its implementation.展开更多
In the Einstein field equations, the geometry or the curvature of space-time defined as depended on the distribution of mass and energy principally resides on the left-hand side is set identical to a non-geometrical t...In the Einstein field equations, the geometry or the curvature of space-time defined as depended on the distribution of mass and energy principally resides on the left-hand side is set identical to a non-geometrical tensorial representation of matter on the right-hand side. In one or another form, general relativity accords a direct geometrical significance only to the gravitational field while the other physical fields are not of space time. They reside only in space time. Less well known, though of comparable importance is Einstein’s dissatisfaction with the fundamental asymmetry between gravitational and non-gravitational fields and his contributions to develop a completely relativistic geometrical field theory of all fundamental interactions, a unified field theory. Of special note in this context and equally significant is Einstein’s demand to replace the symmetrical tensor field by a non-symmetrical one and to drop the condition g<sub>ik</sub> = g<sub>ki</sub> for the field components. Historically, many other attempts were made too, to extend the general theory of relativity’s geometrization of gravitation to non-gravitational interactions, in particular, to electromagnetism. Still, progress has been very slow. It is the purpose of this publication to provide a unified field theory in which the gravitational field, the electromagnetic field and other fields are only different components or manifestations of the same unified field by mathematizing the relationship between cause and effect under conditions of general theory of relativity.展开更多
The Syllabus for English Majors at Universities and Colleges(2000) makes it clear to further strengthen the English majors' critical thinking and logical reasoning ability.But how to effectively incorporate the cu...The Syllabus for English Majors at Universities and Colleges(2000) makes it clear to further strengthen the English majors' critical thinking and logical reasoning ability.But how to effectively incorporate the cultivation of critical thinking skills into English majors' core courses,such as the writing courses,remains one of the most important tasks of teaching reform for English majors.The present study is aimed at having a systematic analysis on the causal reasoning deficiencies in English majors' argumentative writing.Furthermore,the reasons resulting in the causal reasoning deficiencies and the implications for the teaching of second language writing are explored.展开更多
文摘Present studies in physics assume that elementary particles are the building blocks of all matter, and that they are zero-dimensional objects which do not occupy space. The new I-Theory predicts that elementary particles do indeed have a substructure, three dimensions, and occupy space, being composed of fundamental particles called I-particles. In this article we identify the substructural pattern of elementary particles and define the quanta of energy that form each elementary particle. We demonstrate that the substructure comprises two classes of quanta which we call “attraction quanta” and “repulsion quanta”. We create a model that defines the rest-mass energy of each elementary particle and can predict new particles. Lastly, in order to incorporate this knowledge into the contemporary models of science, a revised periodic table is proposed.
文摘针对智能航电系统在非线性耦合运行场景下产生的预期功能安全(safety of the intended functionality,SOTIF)问题,提出一种将系统理论过程分析(systematic theory process analysis,STPA)与决策试验与评价实验法(decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory,DEMATEL)相结合的致因分析框架。首先,在定义系统级危险的基础上构建安全控制结构,识别其不安全控制行为并提取与智能化缺陷相关的STPA致因要素。接下来,引入毕达哥拉斯模糊加权平均算子和闵可夫斯基距离对传统DEMATEL方法进行优化,专家根据控制反馈回路对致因要素进行评价并计算其中心度与原因度。最后,分析STPA致因要素与SOTIF致因属性之间的映射关系,给出关键致因要素的风险减缓措施。以单一飞行员驾驶(single-pilot operation,SPO)模式下的虚拟驾驶员助理系统为例说明了所提方法的可行性与有效性。研究结果表明,改进的STPA-DEMATEL方法可以有效识别关键致因要素,且能够克服专家评价的模糊性与不确定性,为智能航电系统的安全性设计提供了参考依据。
文摘传统混凝土养护箱存在着设定条件不足、设备较大、正常使用移动不便等问题,本文基于TRIZ理论(Theory of the solution of inventive problems)中的功能分析、裁剪分析、因果轴分析、物-场分析和技术矛盾分析方法,对混凝土养护箱进行优化设计,并提出了一种可移动拆卸和远程操作设定的混凝土养护箱设计思路。
文摘Analysis of a four-dimensional displacement vector on the fabric of space-time in the special or general case into two Four-dimensional vectors, according to specific conditions leads to the splitting of the total fabric of space-time into a positive subspace-time that represents the space of causality and a negative subspace-time which represents a space without causality, thus, in the special case, we have new transformations for the coordinates of space and time modified from Lorentz transformations specific to each subspace, where the contraction of length disappears and the speed of light is no longer a universal constant. In the general case, we have new types of matric tensor, one for positive subspace-time and the other for negative subspace-time. We also find that the speed of the photon decreases in positive subspace-time until it reaches zero and increases in negative subspace-time until it reaches the speed of light when the photon reaches the Schwarzschild radius.
文摘为预防失控类事故引发的灾难性后果,选取航空安全网(Aviation Safety Network,ASN)2015—2022年102起失控类事故为样本,以2018年“10·29”印尼客机坠毁事故为例,采用基于系统理论的因果分析(Causal Analysis based on System Theory,CAST)方法从系统角度梳理并识别失控类事故发生过程中涉及的安全控制缺陷。在此基础上,采用故障树分析(Fault Tree Analysis,FTA)法绘制失控类事故故障树模型,并对其进行定性、定量分析,得出失控类事故的主要致因。结果表明:基于CAST模型分析识别出25个系统缺陷;通过故障树定性分析得出16个最小割集;通过定量分析计算出失控类事故在所有事故中发生的概率为0.40086;确定机组操作不当、机组沟通不足、飞机系统缺陷及飞机制造商假设不全、制造商未提供相关文件为失控类事故的主要影响因素。
基金supported by the Zhi-Yuan Chair Professorship Start-up Grant (WF220103010) from Shanghai Jiao Tong University
文摘Advances on bidirectional intelligence are overviewed along three threads,with extensions and new perspectives.The first thread is about bidirectional learning architecture,exploring five dualities that enable Lmser six cognitive functions and provide new perspectives on which a lot of extensions and particularlly flexible Lmser are proposed.Interestingly,either or two of these dualities actually takes an important role in recent models such as U-net,ResNet,and Dense Net.The second thread is about bidirectional learning principles unified by best yIng-yAng(IA)harmony in BYY system.After getting insights on deep bidirectional learning from a bird-viewing on existing typical learning principles from one or both of the inward and outward directions,maximum likelihood,variational principle,and several other learning principles are summarised as exemplars of the BYY learning,with new perspectives on advanced topics.The third thread further proceeds to deep bidirectional intelligence,driven by long term dynamics(LTD)for parameter learning and short term dynamics(STD)for image thinking and rational thinking in harmony.Image thinking deals with information flow of continuously valued arrays and especially image sequence,as if thinking was displayed in the real world,exemplified by the flow from inward encoding/cognition to outward reconstruction/transformation performed in Lmser learning and BYY learning.In contrast,rational thinking handles symbolic strings or discretely valued vectors,performing uncertainty reasoning and problem solving.In particular,a general thesis is proposed for bidirectional intelligence,featured by BYY intelligence potential theory(BYY-IPT)and nine essential dualities in architecture,fundamentals,and implementation,respectively.Then,problems of combinatorial solving and uncertainty reasoning are investigated from this BYY IPT perspective.First,variants and extensions are suggested for AlphaGoZero like searching tasks,such as traveling salesman problem(TSP)and attributed graph matching(AGM)that are turned into Go like problems with help of a feature enrichment technique.Second,reasoning activities are summarized under guidance of BYY IPT from the aspects of constraint satisfaction,uncertainty propagation,and path or tree searching.Particularly,causal potential theory is proposed for discovering causal direction,with two roads developed for its implementation.
文摘In the Einstein field equations, the geometry or the curvature of space-time defined as depended on the distribution of mass and energy principally resides on the left-hand side is set identical to a non-geometrical tensorial representation of matter on the right-hand side. In one or another form, general relativity accords a direct geometrical significance only to the gravitational field while the other physical fields are not of space time. They reside only in space time. Less well known, though of comparable importance is Einstein’s dissatisfaction with the fundamental asymmetry between gravitational and non-gravitational fields and his contributions to develop a completely relativistic geometrical field theory of all fundamental interactions, a unified field theory. Of special note in this context and equally significant is Einstein’s demand to replace the symmetrical tensor field by a non-symmetrical one and to drop the condition g<sub>ik</sub> = g<sub>ki</sub> for the field components. Historically, many other attempts were made too, to extend the general theory of relativity’s geometrization of gravitation to non-gravitational interactions, in particular, to electromagnetism. Still, progress has been very slow. It is the purpose of this publication to provide a unified field theory in which the gravitational field, the electromagnetic field and other fields are only different components or manifestations of the same unified field by mathematizing the relationship between cause and effect under conditions of general theory of relativity.
文摘The Syllabus for English Majors at Universities and Colleges(2000) makes it clear to further strengthen the English majors' critical thinking and logical reasoning ability.But how to effectively incorporate the cultivation of critical thinking skills into English majors' core courses,such as the writing courses,remains one of the most important tasks of teaching reform for English majors.The present study is aimed at having a systematic analysis on the causal reasoning deficiencies in English majors' argumentative writing.Furthermore,the reasons resulting in the causal reasoning deficiencies and the implications for the teaching of second language writing are explored.
