The contemporary scientist and German developmental psychologist at the Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience of University College London, Uta Frith has mainly focused her research on autism spectrum disorder and the r...The contemporary scientist and German developmental psychologist at the Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience of University College London, Uta Frith has mainly focused her research on autism spectrum disorder and the related theory-of-mind deficit. To explain the autistic mentalistic deficit, the psychologist has used a specific tool: art, her initial pursuit cultivated at the Universit<span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, "font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;">ä</span>t des Saarlandes, in Germany. Thus, this work seeks to reconstruct the artistic influences on Uta Frith’s scientific efforts, highlighting how the dialogical intersection of two seemingly distant disciplines, like art and neuroscience, can generate surprising new networks of signification and an understanding of the intrapsychic and interpsychic worlds. Art challenges us to develop moments of neuroscientific knowledge. On the other. In contrast, neuroscience offers the opportunity to develop further insights into the role of visual perception in contemplating works of art.展开更多
The idea of mindblindness reaching outside of neuroscience is an important one. It is significant because there is concern in all quarters about the prevalence and meaning of autism diagnoses. Secondly, mindblindness ...The idea of mindblindness reaching outside of neuroscience is an important one. It is significant because there is concern in all quarters about the prevalence and meaning of autism diagnoses. Secondly, mindblindness rhetoric reflects the kinds of rhetorical devices scholars use to analyze this theory. Finally, mindblindness is a fertile ground for research collaboration between neuroscientists, social scientists and humanities scholars as it skirts the boundaries of disciplinarity. What about mindblindness theory makes it an interdisciplinary phenomenon, complete with interdisciplinary collaborations and mutual knowledge-seeking？ I argue in this paper that specific forms of rhetoric ＂grease the skids,＂ meaning that they can be construed flexibly in both the neuroscientific language and the ＂other-discipline＂ language. Because of the flexibility of these rhetorical conveyances, interdisciplinary collaboration has exploded around mindblindness dialogue, despite the traditional differences in disciplinary methodology.展开更多
Deficits in understanding others'minds,evident in most individuals with autism spectrum disorders,have been suggested as a core deficit of autism.However,nonverbal ability has gone untested because most theory of ...Deficits in understanding others'minds,evident in most individuals with autism spectrum disorders,have been suggested as a core deficit of autism.However,nonverbal ability has gone untested because most theory of mind measurement has involved verbal materials such as reading tasks.This raises the possibility that children with high function autism spectrum disorder would distinguish verbal and nonverbal component deficits.Thirty-two participants diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder by a trained psychiatrist and 34 matched controls were recruited for this study.The assessment included verbal and non-verbal materials tasks.The result showed that nonverbal ability of theory of mind is impaired in the individuals with autism spectrum disorders.展开更多
目的:修订适用于中国大陆的孤独症谱系障碍儿童心理推理能力测验(ToM Tests for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder),用来测试孤独症儿童(ASD)心理推理能力(ToM)的发展状况。方法:通过生活事件观察及记录修订测验,选取幼儿园到小...目的:修订适用于中国大陆的孤独症谱系障碍儿童心理推理能力测验(ToM Tests for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder),用来测试孤独症儿童(ASD)心理推理能力(ToM)的发展状况。方法:通过生活事件观察及记录修订测验,选取幼儿园到小学6年级符合入组标准的200名普通儿童进行正式测验,对有效数据(n=156)进行Pearson相关分析、内部一致性信度检验;邀请3名专家进行内容效度检验;间隔2月后,随机选取其中30名儿童进行重测。另外选取25名ASD儿童,比较其与普通儿童的测验评分。结果:修订后测验共39个条目,分为3个分测验,满分42分。各分测验间的相关系数为0.54~0.77,各分测验与总分的相关系数为0.62~0.93(均P<0.01);3名专家对测验条目的评分分别为114、108、105;ASD儿童的测验总分及分测验得分均低于普通儿童(均P<0.01)。总测验的Cronbachα系数为0.84,各分测验Cronbachα系数分别为0.83、0.80、0.78;总测验的重测信度(r)为0.84,各分测验的重测信度(r)分别为0.75、0.74、1.00。结论:修订后的孤独症谱系障碍儿童心理推理能力测验的指标符合心理测量学要求,可以用于测量中国大陆孤独症儿童心理推理能力。展开更多
执行功能紊乱理论(Theory of Executive Dysfunction)、弱的中央统合理论(Weak Central Coherence theory)和心理理论假说(The Theory of Mind Hypothesis)是解释孤独症认知障碍的三种重要理论。本文着重通过回顾以往的实验研究来探讨...执行功能紊乱理论(Theory of Executive Dysfunction)、弱的中央统合理论(Weak Central Coherence theory)和心理理论假说(The Theory of Mind Hypothesis)是解释孤独症认知障碍的三种重要理论。本文着重通过回顾以往的实验研究来探讨三种理论的产生、发展及前进的方向,以及三大理论之间的关系。三者可能从不同侧面诠释了孤独症认知障碍的机制,如何综合起来更好地揭示孤独症的认知障碍和病理机制,尚需深入和全面的研究。同时更多地考虑不同认知因素的交互影响以及研究的生态学效度,可能是进一步研究需要考虑的问题。展开更多
文摘The contemporary scientist and German developmental psychologist at the Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience of University College London, Uta Frith has mainly focused her research on autism spectrum disorder and the related theory-of-mind deficit. To explain the autistic mentalistic deficit, the psychologist has used a specific tool: art, her initial pursuit cultivated at the Universit<span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, "font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;">ä</span>t des Saarlandes, in Germany. Thus, this work seeks to reconstruct the artistic influences on Uta Frith’s scientific efforts, highlighting how the dialogical intersection of two seemingly distant disciplines, like art and neuroscience, can generate surprising new networks of signification and an understanding of the intrapsychic and interpsychic worlds. Art challenges us to develop moments of neuroscientific knowledge. On the other. In contrast, neuroscience offers the opportunity to develop further insights into the role of visual perception in contemplating works of art.
文摘The idea of mindblindness reaching outside of neuroscience is an important one. It is significant because there is concern in all quarters about the prevalence and meaning of autism diagnoses. Secondly, mindblindness rhetoric reflects the kinds of rhetorical devices scholars use to analyze this theory. Finally, mindblindness is a fertile ground for research collaboration between neuroscientists, social scientists and humanities scholars as it skirts the boundaries of disciplinarity. What about mindblindness theory makes it an interdisciplinary phenomenon, complete with interdisciplinary collaborations and mutual knowledge-seeking？ I argue in this paper that specific forms of rhetoric ＂grease the skids,＂ meaning that they can be construed flexibly in both the neuroscientific language and the ＂other-discipline＂ language. Because of the flexibility of these rhetorical conveyances, interdisciplinary collaboration has exploded around mindblindness dialogue, despite the traditional differences in disciplinary methodology.
基金supported by the"National Science Council",Taipei,Taiwan, China(Grants No.NSC 98-2410-H-030-014)the"Mackay Memorial Hospita",Taipei,Taiwan,China(Grant No.MMH-I-S-188)
文摘Deficits in understanding others'minds,evident in most individuals with autism spectrum disorders,have been suggested as a core deficit of autism.However,nonverbal ability has gone untested because most theory of mind measurement has involved verbal materials such as reading tasks.This raises the possibility that children with high function autism spectrum disorder would distinguish verbal and nonverbal component deficits.Thirty-two participants diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder by a trained psychiatrist and 34 matched controls were recruited for this study.The assessment included verbal and non-verbal materials tasks.The result showed that nonverbal ability of theory of mind is impaired in the individuals with autism spectrum disorders.
文摘目的:修订适用于中国大陆的孤独症谱系障碍儿童心理推理能力测验(ToM Tests for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder),用来测试孤独症儿童(ASD)心理推理能力(ToM)的发展状况。方法:通过生活事件观察及记录修订测验,选取幼儿园到小学6年级符合入组标准的200名普通儿童进行正式测验,对有效数据(n=156)进行Pearson相关分析、内部一致性信度检验;邀请3名专家进行内容效度检验;间隔2月后,随机选取其中30名儿童进行重测。另外选取25名ASD儿童,比较其与普通儿童的测验评分。结果:修订后测验共39个条目,分为3个分测验,满分42分。各分测验间的相关系数为0.54~0.77,各分测验与总分的相关系数为0.62~0.93(均P<0.01);3名专家对测验条目的评分分别为114、108、105;ASD儿童的测验总分及分测验得分均低于普通儿童(均P<0.01)。总测验的Cronbachα系数为0.84,各分测验Cronbachα系数分别为0.83、0.80、0.78;总测验的重测信度(r)为0.84,各分测验的重测信度(r)分别为0.75、0.74、1.00。结论:修订后的孤独症谱系障碍儿童心理推理能力测验的指标符合心理测量学要求,可以用于测量中国大陆孤独症儿童心理推理能力。
文摘执行功能紊乱理论(Theory of Executive Dysfunction)、弱的中央统合理论(Weak Central Coherence theory)和心理理论假说(The Theory of Mind Hypothesis)是解释孤独症认知障碍的三种重要理论。本文着重通过回顾以往的实验研究来探讨三种理论的产生、发展及前进的方向,以及三大理论之间的关系。三者可能从不同侧面诠释了孤独症认知障碍的机制,如何综合起来更好地揭示孤独症的认知障碍和病理机制,尚需深入和全面的研究。同时更多地考虑不同认知因素的交互影响以及研究的生态学效度,可能是进一步研究需要考虑的问题。
