Contract Mechanism of Water Environment Regulation for Small and Medium Sized Enterprises Based on Optimal Control Theory

The small and scattered enterprise pattern in the county economy has formed numerous sporadic pollution sources, hindering the centralized treatment of the water environment, increasing the cost and difficulty of treatment. How enterprises can make reasonable decisions on their water environment behavior based on the external environment and their own factors is of great significance for scientifically and effectively designing water environment regulation mechanisms. Based on optimal control theory, this study investigates the design of contractual mechanisms for water environmental regulation for small and medium-sized enterprises. The enterprise is regarded as an independent economic entity that can adopt optimal control strategies to maximize its own interests. Based on the participation of multiple subjects including the government, enterprises, and the public, an optimal control strategy model for enterprises under contractual water environmental regulation is constructed using optimal control theory, and a method for calculating the amount of unit pollutant penalties is derived. The water pollutant treatment cost data of a paper company is selected to conduct empirical numerical analysis on the model. The results show that the increase in the probability of government regulation and public participation, as well as the decrease in local government protection for enterprises, can achieve the same regulatory effect while reducing the number of administrative penalties per unit. Finally, the implementation process of contractual water environmental regulation for small and medium-sized enterprises is designed.

Research on Regulating and Controlling Homogenization of Entertainment Programs--Based on Game Theory

With the prevailing and popular entertainment programs, it brought huge benefits to TV stations, but at the same time caused a variety problems of homogenization. The paper analyzes the causes of the entertainment programs, the root of homogenization, building game theory models between TV stations, TV station and audience to regulate and control the issue of homogeneity about entertainment programs.

Regulating local chemistry in ZrCo-based orthorhombic hydrides via increasing atomic interference for ultra-stable hydrogen isotopes storage

Developing a universal and reliable strategy for the modulation of composition and structure of energy storage materials with stable cycling performance is vital for hydrogen and its isotopes storage advanced system,yet still challenging.Herein,an ultra-stable lattice structure is designed and verified to increase atomic chaos and interference for effectively inhibiting disproportionation reaction and improving cycling stability in ZrCo-based hydrogen isotopes storage alloy.After screening in terms of configuration entropy calculation,we construct Zr_(1-2)Nb_(x)Co_(1-2x)Cu_(x)Ni_(x)(x=0.15,0.2,0.25) alloys with increased atomic chaos,and successfully achieve stable isostructural de-/hydrogenation during 100 cycles,whose cycling capacity retentions are above 99%,much higher than 22.4%of pristine ZrCo alloy.Both theoretical analysis and experimental evidences indicate the high thermo-stability of orthorhombic lattice in Zr_(0.8)Nb_(0.2)Co_(0.6)Cu_(0.2)Ni_(0.2) alloy.Notably,the increased atomic chaos and interference in Zr_(0.8)Nb_(0.2)Co_(0.6)Cu_(0.2)Ni_(0.2) alloy causes regulation in hydrogen local chemical neighborhood,thereby confusing the hydrogen release order,which effectively eliminates lattice distortion and unlocks an ultrastable lattice structure.This study provides a new and comprehensive inspiration for hydrogen atoms transport behaviors and intrinsic reason of stable orthorhombic transformation,which can contribute to paving the way for other energy storage materials modulation.

Research on the government＇s audit regulation behavior based on game theory in China

Audit information quality is important for capital market to develop healthily. The efficiency is limited, and in a long time, it just depends on market to govern audit behavior. In order to improve the audit quality, the government has to govern independent audit behavior. It is difficult to observe CPA＇s behavior directly, however, the government has to game with multiple agencies. This paper analyzes the game behaviors among the government, the accounting institutions and the CPA based on welfare economics theory and game theory. The paper＇s aim is to provide advice for government to choose the appropriate governing behaviors.

Data-Driven Global Robust Optimal Output Regulation of Uncertain Partially Linear Systems

In this paper, a data-driven control approach is developed by reinforcement learning (RL) to solve the global robust optimal output regulation problem (GROORP) of partially linear systems with both static uncertainties and nonlinear dynamic uncertainties. By developing a proper feedforward controller, the GROORP is converted into a global robust optimal stabilization problem. A robust optimal feedback controller is designed which is able to stabilize the system in the presence of dynamic uncertainties. The closed-loop system is ensured to be input-to-output stable regarding the static uncertainty as the external input. This robust optimal controller is numerically approximated via RL. Nonlinear small-gain theory is applied to show the input-to-output stability for the closed-loop system and thus solves the original GROORP. Simulation results validates the efficacy of the proposed methodology.

Charge-transfer-regulated bimetal ferrocene-based organic frameworks for promoting electrocatalytic oxygen evolution

The ferrocene(Fc)-based metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)are regarded as compelling platforms for the construction of efficient and robust oxygen evolution reaction(OER)electrocatalysts due to their superior conductivity and flexible electronic structure.Herein,density functional theory simulations were addressed to predict the electronic structure regulations of CoFc-MOF by nickel doping,which demonstrated that the well-proposed CoNiFc-MOFs delivered a small energy barrier,promoted conductivity,and well-regulated d-band center.Inspired by these,a series of sea-urchin-like CoNiFc-MOFs were successfully synthesized via a facile solvothermal method.Moreover,the synchrotron X-ray and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements manifested that the introduction of nickel could tailor the electronic structure of the catalyst and induce the directional transfer of electrons,thus optimizing the rate-determining step of^(*)O→^(*)OOH during the OER process and yielding decent overpotentials of 209 and 252 mV at 10 and 200 mA cm^(−2),respectively,with a small Tafel slope of 39 mV dec^(−1).This work presents a new paradigm for developing highly efficient and durable MOF-based electrocatalysts for OER.

Cultivated land quantity niche regulation and its environmental effect

The change in the quantity of cultivated land influences the structure, function and evolvement of ecosystem. The rational change in the quantity of cultivated land will be propitious to ecological security and sustainable development, and irrational change will deteriorate ecological environment. The concept of cultivated land quantity niche regulation was firstly put forward based on niche theory and the action-feedback mechanism between cultivated land quantity niche and cultivated land benefit niche. Then, the regulation measures of cultivated land quantity niche were brought forward in rural-urban area, agro-forest area and consolidation-reclamation-exploitation area. Finally, the ecological environmental effect after regulation was analyzed. The results show that different measures should be taken to regulate cultivated land quantity niche in different areas. The economic and social benefit niche of cultivated land should be promoted to regulate cultivated land quantity niche in rural-urban area and consolidation-reclamation-exploitation area. The social benefit niche of cultivated land should be reduced in agro-forest area. The regulation goal of cultivated land quantity niche will be attained by different measures.

The Coevolutionary Relationship of Technology, Market and Government Regulation in Telecommunications

The telecommunications industry has been undergoing tremendous technological changes, and owning to continuous technological advancement, it has maintained sustained prosperity and development. In this paper, the interplay between technology, market and government in telecommunications is discussed briefly, and then we introduce technology and government into the traditional SCP(Structure – Conduct – Performance) paradigm to develop an industry analysis framework called TGM(SCP)(Technology – Government – Market(Structure – Conduct – Performance)). Based on this framework, we present the spiral coevolution model which elaborates on the interaction mechanism of technological innovation with government regulation and market dynamics from the perspective of industry evolution. Our study indicates that the development of the telecommunications industry is the result of the coevolution of technology, government regulation and market forces, and among the three actors, technology is the fundamental driving force. Relative to the "invisible hand"(market) and "visible hand"(government), we conceptualize technology as the "third hand", which fundamentally drives the development of telecommunications industry in coordination with the other two hands. We also provide several policy implications regarding these findings.

Voltage Control in Smart Grids: An Approach Based on Sensitivity Theory

Due to the development of Distributed Generation (DG), which is installed in Medium-Voltage Distribution Networks (MVDNs) such as generators based on renewable energy (e.g., wind energy or solar energy), voltage control is currently a very important issue. The voltage is now regulated at the MV busbars acting on the On-Load Tap Changer of the HV/MV transformer. This method does not guarantee the correct voltage value in the network nodes when the distributed generators deliver their power. In this paper an approach based on Sensitivity Theory is shown, in order to control the node voltages regulating the reactive power exchanged between the network and the dispersed generators. The automatic distributed voltage regulation is a particular topic of the Smart Grids.

Existence of Two Periodic Solutions of a Delayed Single Species Model with Feedback Regulation and Harvest Term

By means of the continuation theorem of the coincidence degree theory,the existence of two periodic solutions of a delayed single species model with feedback regulation and harvest term is obtained.

Self-regulation and Emotional Resilience in the Workplace.A Systematic Review

The current project provides a systemic literature review on the self-regulation theory analyzing the history,the main concepts,and an integrated model of analyzing the theory.Following,emotional resilience is described and linked with the self-regulation theory proving their connection,through emotional regulation.The literature review provides tangible resources for individuals to understand and apply in everyday life tactics that will assist them in fostering greater emotional resilience in the workplace,utilizing the self-regulation theory.Finally,a brief discussion is provided in terms of how to evaluate critically the concepts mentioned while limitations and future research are also indicated.This paper aims to invite conversation and collaboration in discovering a relatively new field that could in the future reimagine the workplace.

Born-regulated理论中的光线偏转

根据爱因斯坦的引力场理论,当光线通过引力场时受到引力的作用而发生偏转.对光线在引力场中偏转的研究有助于解决引力透镜问题,对研究宇宙中的暗能量也是有意义的.根据Born-regulated引力理论的时空度规来研究光线偏折.推导Born-regulated理论中的光线偏转角为Δφ≈4rmMin-r4mMin49rk6m2inβ.很明显,结果显示当β→0和k→0时,Δφ→4rmMin,这正是由爱因斯坦理论推导出的结果,说明当参量β→0和k→0时,Born-regulated理论回到爱因斯坦的广义相对论.

The ＂Production＂ of Accounting Information Between Regulatory and Free Market Approach： An （Eternally） Open Issue

Accounting information has gained utmost importance over the years, and it now plays a vital role in our society. Indeed, the trends of a global economy, especially one relying on a capital market-based financial system, are greatly influenced by reliable accounting information. However, it is sometimes difficult to assess the ＂reliability＂ of such information, given the clear differences in the needs and goals of its different users. In this respect, the possible ways to guarantee the appropriateness of the accounting information provided to users doubtlessly deserve a careful investigation. The second half of the 1970s can be considered as the starting point of a debate, within the Anglo-Saxon accounting literature, concerning the most effective methods to provide users with accounting data effectively meeting their very specific needs. In this context, two antithetical schools of thought developed： （1） free market approach; and （2） regulatory approach. Although it is possible to state that accounting regulation has now become a concrete reality both inside and outside the Anglo-Saxon accounting context, after more than halfa century, its efficacy is still an open issue.

Implementing Sustainability Reporting （SR）： （Neo-） Institutional Theory Insights in the Analysis of the SGR Group, Italy and CityGas, Bulgaria

The aim of this paper is to investigate how the corporate characteristics and contextual factors influence the choice of managers in initiating the sustainability report/reporting （SR） and to understand the role of organisational dynamics. The research design develops through a deductive and inductive approach. The deductive approach is based on an analysis of the Social and Environmental Accounting Research （SEAR） strands which use the theoretical framework of （neo-） institutional theory to inquire the adoption and diffusion of SR. The inductive method is based on a research case that focuses on the SGR Group. ＂How can the rico-institutional theory help explain the process of SGR＇s SR implementation in Italian and Bulgarian companies＂？ The study identifies both the internal and contextual factors associated with the SR development and the regulative, normative, and cognitive dimensions/factors that affect the implementation and institutionalisation of SR in Italy and Bulgaria, in accordance with the different institutional environments in which the social and sustainability accounting projects are developed.

数字平台自我优待的反垄断规制困境与优化进路

平台企业为开拓商业疆土,通过数据垄断、流量封锁等方式优待下游市场的自营业务,实现竞争优势乃至垄断地位的跨市场传导。从本质上来看,竞争优势的传导超越一定限度即可能构成滥用,不属于合法竞争的范围。平台自我优待由于符合杠杆理论对滥用行为的共同要求,应当被纳入反垄断法的规制范围。然而,鉴于我国当前该行为违法性统一认定标准缺失、反竞争效果难以判定、正当性抗辩理由滥用三项因素模糊了自我优待的反垄断规制边界,故在重塑分析框架基础上对其有针对性展开优化,明确平台自治的合理限度,以期为规制指明未来走向。

The Optimum Sowing Time for Plastic-film Corn and the Application of Two Related Theories

There are two main theories, the 'temperature-raising' theory and the 'precipitation-based regulation' theory, which guide the optimum sowing time of the plastic-film corn. The former was applied in the humid or semi-humid ecotope and on irrigated or half-shaded land in the arid and semi-arid ecotopes, while the latter was suitable for the dry-farming land in the semi-arid ecotope. The results of experiments and investigations for many years showed that the corn output was increased by 69.2% when the former theory was applied to guide the optimum sowing time for plastic-film corn in the semi-humid ecotope, and by 60. 0% when the latter theory was applied in the semi-arid ecotope. In the semi-arid ecotope, however, the output was increased only by 15.7% when the former theory was applied, and even dropped by 14.4% when the latter theory was applied.

超说明书用药的理论证成及规制修正

超说明书用药在临床实践中一直存在,具有一定的紧迫性和合理性,学术界对此争论不一,解决保证公众用药安全和某些人群有药可用的平衡问题仍是社会关注的焦点问题,但偏重任何一方皆是对另一方权利维护的忽视。《中华人民共和国医师法》的实施给超说明书用药带来新契机和要求。以超说明书用药成因及伦理证成作为切入点,在严格把控超说明书适用条件的前提下,从实现超说明书用药法律衔接、出台统一规范的循证医学依据和程序、激励药品说明书更新迭代等方面提出法律规制对策。

安全生产的政府监管深度与多元政策调适

安全生产的政府监管存在治理深度与事故风险严重程度失衡与错位的问题,即监管政策应用中出现的对重大风险轻微处置、对轻微风险严苛规制的现象,这会导致政策实施的低效,不利于发展与安全的统筹,甚至诱发外延风险,带来社会问题。为把握地方政府安全生产监管与风险治理的内在逻辑,以需求溢出理论为观察视角,构建“公共风险—治理深度—监管效能”分析框架,并结合T市开展“包容审慎监管”的案例,依照差异化的事故风险定位监管深度,形成“审慎—包容”两种治理深度不同的监管政策,同时推行监管效能的内部调适政策,在安全生产的同时,也对执法措施冲击群体利益的公共风险予以有效化解。

基于系统理论的中国-东盟网络安全合作系统构建研究

[研究目的]针对中国-东盟网络安全合作在观念、制度、人才、技术等方面存在的问题,构建合作系统框架,提出合作路径及解决方案,旨在提高中国-东盟网络安全合作的水平。[研究方法]通过文献分析,结合系统理论,从系统的要素、结构(功能)、环境等维度进行研究。[研究结论]中国与东盟在构建网络安全合作系统时可以实施以下路径:在系统要素方面,以网络空间命运共同体理念展开合作、以建立统一的网络安全制度规范框架进行合作、以构建网络安全人才培养培训教育体系保障合作、以创新网络安全技术加强合作;在系统结构(功能)方面,增强系统不同要素间的协同联动、准确把握系统要素最优与结构(功能)最优关系;在系统环境方面,在梳理可供利用的外部环境的基础上,重点利用经济、政治、文化环境优化系统。

以脉调气理论指导下的脏腑推拿治疗小儿功能性消化不良疗效研究

目的探究以脉调气理论指导下的脏腑推拿治疗小儿功能性消化不良的疗效研究。方法采用随机数字表法将黑龙江中医药大学附属第一医院治未病中心2020年2月—2022年2月收治的106例功能性消化不良患儿分为观察组(53例)与对照组(53例)。对照组采用一般推拿治疗,观察组在此基础上采用“以脉调气”理论指导下的脏腑推拿治疗方法。观察两组患儿治疗前以及治疗20 d后的中医症状积分、血锌浓度水平、胃动素、胃泌素、食欲调节因子水平、尼平消化不良指数。观察两组患儿临床疗效与复发率。结果两组患儿治疗前食后腹胀、纳呆食少、大便异常和面色萎黄的证候积分对比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗20 d后观察组食后腹胀、食少纳呆、面色萎黄和大便异常证候积分显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。两组患儿治疗前胃动素、血锌含量、胃泌素水差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗20 d后观察组胃动素、血锌含量、胃泌素水平显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。两组患儿治疗前Ghrelin、NPY和Leptin水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗20 d后观察组NPY、Ghrelin浓度水平明显较对照组高,而Leptin水平明显较对照组低(P<0.05)。两组患儿治疗前NDI评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗20 d后观察组NDI评分显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组总有效率为90.57%(48/53),显著高于对照组[75.47%(40/53)](χ^(2)=4.283,P=0.039)。观察组复发率为3.77%(2/53)(40/53)略低于对照组9.43%(5/53),但两组复发率差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=1.377,P=0.241)。结论“以脉调气”理论指导下的脏腑推拿能有效提高临床疗效、提升食欲、调节因子水平、提高生活质量、改善胃动素、血锌含量、胃泌素水平,值得临床推广。