Shanghai has entered the depth of the current population aging stage, pure old home, and the empty nest family, lonely elderly people are gradually increasing, the elderly how to provide has become an issue concern in...Shanghai has entered the depth of the current population aging stage, pure old home, and the empty nest family, lonely elderly people are gradually increasing, the elderly how to provide has become an issue concern in public society. However, with the developing of economic and society, the traditional family' s structure and function is gradually being weaken, and the traditional idea of raising children for old age is deeply rooted, elderly people are reluctant to leave their original place. So community family-care is becoming the main endowment way. However, there is a big problem in the quantity and quality of service which is supplied by community, the project that a lot of elderly people really needs, the community does not provide, and some projects are now offered to elderly people, the quality still can not fully to meet the needs of older persons. Those problems are urgently need to be solved. This study aims to know the current status of community family-care in Shanghai, starting from the needs of older persons to allocate the community resources rationally, further improve the quality of the pension service, protect the interests of the elderly.展开更多
Using disordered multinomial logistic regression and multiple linear regression method,385 copies of questionnaires on farmer are analyzed to explore the relationship between peasant's psychological traits,peasant...Using disordered multinomial logistic regression and multiple linear regression method,385 copies of questionnaires on farmer are analyzed to explore the relationship between peasant's psychological traits,peasant's cognition on seed technology and perception on supplydemand matching of new variety.Research results show that the vast majority of farmers think that current new variety is at high-level supplydemand balance and the oversupply status,and updating speed of new variety on the market is faster;the farmers preferring risk,seeking innovation and having strong learning and cognition ability may select high-level supply-demand matching state,and the farmers understanding the importance and difference of seed technology tend to choose high-level supply-demand matching situation;the farmers with strong learning and cognition ability can acknowledge the importance and difference of seed technology,while the farmers preferring risk can perceive the difference of seed technology;psychology seeking the innovation and learning and cognition ability affect the farmer's perception on supplydemand matching status of new variety via affecting the farmer's cognition on technical difference.展开更多
The important indications for assessing CCHP(combined cooling,heating and power)systems are their supply-demand matching characteristics between the user demand side and the energy supply side.These characteristics ar...The important indications for assessing CCHP(combined cooling,heating and power)systems are their supply-demand matching characteristics between the user demand side and the energy supply side.These characteristics are primarily influenced by different building types and operating strategies.In view of the energy redundancy of the following electric load(FEL)and following thermal load(FTL)operation strategies and the energy deficiency of the following hybrid electric-heating load(FHL)operation strategy,this paper proposes an improved following balanced heat-electrical load(IFBL)operation strategy based on the following balanced heat-electrical load(FBL)operation strategy.Based on the energy utilization rate as the objective function,this paper optimizes the installed capacity of CCHP systems in different buildings and proposes an energy factor for evaluating the supply-demand matching characteristics of the system.The results show that the energy utilization rate and energy factor of the system under IFBL are optimal relative to the other operation strategies.Secondly,the hotel building has the highest energy utilization rate and the lowest energy factor;on the contrary,the office building has the lowest energy utilization rate and the highest energy factor.Finally,the analysis of supply-demand matching for different building types under multiple operating strategies shows that the hospital and hotel systems exhibit optimal supply-demand matching performance under the IFBL strategy,with values of 0.945 and 0.938,respectively;on the contrary,the office system has an optimal supply-demand matching of 0.935 under the FEL strategy.Under the FTL strategy,the systems of all three buildings exhibit poor matching performance.展开更多
Ecosystem service flow is essential for transporting,transforming,and maintaining ecosystem services and connecting supply and demand.This study attempted to quantitatively assess the supply and demand flows of ecosys...Ecosystem service flow is essential for transporting,transforming,and maintaining ecosystem services and connecting supply and demand.This study attempted to quantitatively assess the supply and demand flows of ecosystem services in the Yangtze River Basin in 2000,2010,and 2020;assess the evolution of the spatial patterns of ecosystem service flow at the provincial,watershed and urban agglomeration scales;and design a zoning standard for ecosystem service flow.The results showed as follows.1)Between 2000 and 2020,the Yangtze River had a progressive drop in its freshwater supply,water conservation service and carbon sequestration service flows.The decline rates for these services were measured at 10.90%,11.11%,and 5.17%,respectively.The climate regulation service flow exhibited a pattern of initial fall followed by a subsequent increase,characterized by a decline rate of 35.53%.2)The lowest was the ecosystem service flow in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration.Freshwater supply service flow and water conservation service flow were the highest in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and the Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomeration.Carbon sequestration service flow and climate regulation service flow were the highest in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River Basin and the urban agglomeration in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River.3)From 2000 to 2020,the change ratios of the area proportion of the confluence,flow,and outflow areas in the Yangtze River Basin were 1.06,3.17,and 0.86,respectively.The results of this research could offer decision support for regulating ecosystem services in the Yangtze River Basin,promoting sustainable regional development and achieving rational use of the basin resources.展开更多
A closed-loop supply chain network equilibrium problem is examined,which consists of mutual competitive manufacturers with production capacity constraints and retailers with fuzzy market demands,mutual competitive col...A closed-loop supply chain network equilibrium problem is examined,which consists of mutual competitive manufacturers with production capacity constraints and retailers with fuzzy market demands,mutual competitive collectors as well as a binding price ceiling of the commodities.By utilizing the credibility measure of fuzzy event,variational inequality and Lagrange dual theory,the optimum behaviors of manufactures,retailers,collectors and consumers are described.Therefore,the supply chain network equilibrium model is established.Numerical examples were given to illustrate the impact of production capacity constraints and price ceiling on the network equilibrium pattern.The results show that the shortage of commodities in consumer market will be more serious,the wholesale price of product and purchase price of waste products rise,the profits of retailers decrease,the profits of manufacturers and collectors increase as the government gradually reduce the binding price ceiling on competitive markets,and the trend will be more obvious in the existence of production capacity constraints at same time.展开更多
The international community has blamed developing countries for the lack of intellectual property rights(IPR)protection-not least the“forced technology transfers”-in attracting foreign direct investment(FDI).This pa...The international community has blamed developing countries for the lack of intellectual property rights(IPR)protection-not least the“forced technology transfers”-in attracting foreign direct investment(FDI).This paper employs the largesample contract data of multinational companies’(MNCs)IT R&D transactions in China to discuss this controversy from a unique perspective of MNCs in the role of contractors.Our findings suggest that MNCs initially guarded their know-how before the 2000s under closed innovation,but have started to take the initiative to transfer technology to local partners as open innovation held sway.China’s structured market entities and huge demand for technology transactions have served as key drivers for MNCs to transfer technology,which has been further boosted by the new business model of open innovation.This paper’s empirical analysis not only helps unravel the“black box”of technology transfers by MNCs,but reveals how late-moving developing countries may make better use of FDI referencing China’s experience on the three dimensions of market opportunities,structured entities,and economies of scale.展开更多
The cut tobacco transporting is the absolutely necessarily important tache, Whether the transportation process stability is a direct impact on production quality and manufacturing standards. The wind system is adopted...The cut tobacco transporting is the absolutely necessarily important tache, Whether the transportation process stability is a direct impact on production quality and manufacturing standards. The wind system is adopted by most tobacco companies because of it caused least disruptive of the cut tobacco structure and the pipe network layout of system is flexible, but the wind system is greater influence by itself, different control methods are caused greater difference of process indicators, for example essence and spice ingredients, moisture proportion and smoke flavor. Based on the above reasons, so we need to design the control method of wind system necessarily, in addition we must checkout the control accuracy opportunely, so that it is satisfied by the actual working conditions.展开更多
文摘Shanghai has entered the depth of the current population aging stage, pure old home, and the empty nest family, lonely elderly people are gradually increasing, the elderly how to provide has become an issue concern in public society. However, with the developing of economic and society, the traditional family' s structure and function is gradually being weaken, and the traditional idea of raising children for old age is deeply rooted, elderly people are reluctant to leave their original place. So community family-care is becoming the main endowment way. However, there is a big problem in the quantity and quality of service which is supplied by community, the project that a lot of elderly people really needs, the community does not provide, and some projects are now offered to elderly people, the quality still can not fully to meet the needs of older persons. Those problems are urgently need to be solved. This study aims to know the current status of community family-care in Shanghai, starting from the needs of older persons to allocate the community resources rationally, further improve the quality of the pension service, protect the interests of the elderly.
文摘Using disordered multinomial logistic regression and multiple linear regression method,385 copies of questionnaires on farmer are analyzed to explore the relationship between peasant's psychological traits,peasant's cognition on seed technology and perception on supplydemand matching of new variety.Research results show that the vast majority of farmers think that current new variety is at high-level supplydemand balance and the oversupply status,and updating speed of new variety on the market is faster;the farmers preferring risk,seeking innovation and having strong learning and cognition ability may select high-level supply-demand matching state,and the farmers understanding the importance and difference of seed technology tend to choose high-level supply-demand matching situation;the farmers with strong learning and cognition ability can acknowledge the importance and difference of seed technology,while the farmers preferring risk can perceive the difference of seed technology;psychology seeking the innovation and learning and cognition ability affect the farmer's perception on supplydemand matching status of new variety via affecting the farmer's cognition on technical difference.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51966009)the Key Research and Development Program of Gansu Province(NO.20YF8GA057).
文摘The important indications for assessing CCHP(combined cooling,heating and power)systems are their supply-demand matching characteristics between the user demand side and the energy supply side.These characteristics are primarily influenced by different building types and operating strategies.In view of the energy redundancy of the following electric load(FEL)and following thermal load(FTL)operation strategies and the energy deficiency of the following hybrid electric-heating load(FHL)operation strategy,this paper proposes an improved following balanced heat-electrical load(IFBL)operation strategy based on the following balanced heat-electrical load(FBL)operation strategy.Based on the energy utilization rate as the objective function,this paper optimizes the installed capacity of CCHP systems in different buildings and proposes an energy factor for evaluating the supply-demand matching characteristics of the system.The results show that the energy utilization rate and energy factor of the system under IFBL are optimal relative to the other operation strategies.Secondly,the hotel building has the highest energy utilization rate and the lowest energy factor;on the contrary,the office building has the lowest energy utilization rate and the highest energy factor.Finally,the analysis of supply-demand matching for different building types under multiple operating strategies shows that the hospital and hotel systems exhibit optimal supply-demand matching performance under the IFBL strategy,with values of 0.945 and 0.938,respectively;on the contrary,the office system has an optimal supply-demand matching of 0.935 under the FEL strategy.Under the FTL strategy,the systems of all three buildings exhibit poor matching performance.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42171298 and 42201333)Late Project of the National Social Science Foundation in China(No.20FJYB035)Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing,China(No.cstc2020jcyj-jqX0004).
文摘Ecosystem service flow is essential for transporting,transforming,and maintaining ecosystem services and connecting supply and demand.This study attempted to quantitatively assess the supply and demand flows of ecosystem services in the Yangtze River Basin in 2000,2010,and 2020;assess the evolution of the spatial patterns of ecosystem service flow at the provincial,watershed and urban agglomeration scales;and design a zoning standard for ecosystem service flow.The results showed as follows.1)Between 2000 and 2020,the Yangtze River had a progressive drop in its freshwater supply,water conservation service and carbon sequestration service flows.The decline rates for these services were measured at 10.90%,11.11%,and 5.17%,respectively.The climate regulation service flow exhibited a pattern of initial fall followed by a subsequent increase,characterized by a decline rate of 35.53%.2)The lowest was the ecosystem service flow in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration.Freshwater supply service flow and water conservation service flow were the highest in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and the Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomeration.Carbon sequestration service flow and climate regulation service flow were the highest in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River Basin and the urban agglomeration in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River.3)From 2000 to 2020,the change ratios of the area proportion of the confluence,flow,and outflow areas in the Yangtze River Basin were 1.06,3.17,and 0.86,respectively.The results of this research could offer decision support for regulating ecosystem services in the Yangtze River Basin,promoting sustainable regional development and achieving rational use of the basin resources.
基金study by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Shandong province by the National Science Foundation Project,Project number:71202142,ZR2012GM002
文摘A closed-loop supply chain network equilibrium problem is examined,which consists of mutual competitive manufacturers with production capacity constraints and retailers with fuzzy market demands,mutual competitive collectors as well as a binding price ceiling of the commodities.By utilizing the credibility measure of fuzzy event,variational inequality and Lagrange dual theory,the optimum behaviors of manufactures,retailers,collectors and consumers are described.Therefore,the supply chain network equilibrium model is established.Numerical examples were given to illustrate the impact of production capacity constraints and price ceiling on the network equilibrium pattern.The results show that the shortage of commodities in consumer market will be more serious,the wholesale price of product and purchase price of waste products rise,the profits of retailers decrease,the profits of manufacturers and collectors increase as the government gradually reduce the binding price ceiling on competitive markets,and the trend will be more obvious in the existence of production capacity constraints at same time.
基金the Beijing Municipal Social Sciences Foundation Program “Study on Innovation Clusters, Governance RulesInnovation-Driven Development in the Capital City” (Grant No.20AJL007, 14JGB049)a special program from the Beijing Municipal TechnologyMarket Administration Office.
文摘The international community has blamed developing countries for the lack of intellectual property rights(IPR)protection-not least the“forced technology transfers”-in attracting foreign direct investment(FDI).This paper employs the largesample contract data of multinational companies’(MNCs)IT R&D transactions in China to discuss this controversy from a unique perspective of MNCs in the role of contractors.Our findings suggest that MNCs initially guarded their know-how before the 2000s under closed innovation,but have started to take the initiative to transfer technology to local partners as open innovation held sway.China’s structured market entities and huge demand for technology transactions have served as key drivers for MNCs to transfer technology,which has been further boosted by the new business model of open innovation.This paper’s empirical analysis not only helps unravel the“black box”of technology transfers by MNCs,but reveals how late-moving developing countries may make better use of FDI referencing China’s experience on the three dimensions of market opportunities,structured entities,and economies of scale.
文摘The cut tobacco transporting is the absolutely necessarily important tache, Whether the transportation process stability is a direct impact on production quality and manufacturing standards. The wind system is adopted by most tobacco companies because of it caused least disruptive of the cut tobacco structure and the pipe network layout of system is flexible, but the wind system is greater influence by itself, different control methods are caused greater difference of process indicators, for example essence and spice ingredients, moisture proportion and smoke flavor. Based on the above reasons, so we need to design the control method of wind system necessarily, in addition we must checkout the control accuracy opportunely, so that it is satisfied by the actual working conditions.