For a special use a new modelling method of evaluating external disturbing potential is presented in this paper.Being different from classical methods in physical geodesy this method is grounded upon the theory of uni...For a special use a new modelling method of evaluating external disturbing potential is presented in this paper.Being different from classical methods in physical geodesy this method is grounded upon the theory of unified representation of gravitational field.The models created in this way are particularly satisfactory for a high_speed computation of gravitational field in low altitude because they take account of topographic effects and have their kernel functions with simple structure and weak singularity.展开更多
The wisdom of classicalunified field theories in the conceptual framework of Weyl, Eddington, Einstein and Schrodinger has often been doubted and in particular there does not appear to be any empirical reason why the ...The wisdom of classicalunified field theories in the conceptual framework of Weyl, Eddington, Einstein and Schrodinger has often been doubted and in particular there does not appear to be any empirical reason why the Einstein-Maxwell (E-MJ theory needs to be geometrized. The crux of the matter is, however not whether the E-M theory is aesthetically satisfactory but whether it answers all the modern questions within the classical context. In particular, the E-M theory does not provide a classical platform from which the Dirac equation can be derived in the way Schrodinger's equation is derived from classical mechanics via the energy equation and the Correspondence Principle. The present paper presents a non-dualistic unified field theory (UFT) in the said conceptual framework as propounded by M. A. Tonnelat. By allowing the metric form ds2=g,dx dx and the non-degenerate two-form F=(1/2t)rdx dx to enter symmetrically into the theory we obtain a UFT which contains Einstein's General Relativity and the Born-Infeld electrodynamics as special cases. Above all, it is shown that the Dirac equation describing the electron in an 'external' gravito-electromagnetic field can be derived from the non-dualistic Einstein equation by a simple factorization if the Correspondence Principle is assumed.展开更多
The present reading is part of our on-going attempt at the foremost endeavour of physics since man began to comprehend the heavens and the earth. We present a much more improved Unified Field Theory of all the forces ...The present reading is part of our on-going attempt at the foremost endeavour of physics since man began to comprehend the heavens and the earth. We present a much more improved Unified Field Theory of all the forces of Nature i.e. the gravitational, the electromagnetic, the weak and the strong nuclear forces. The proposed theory is a radical improvement of Professor Hermann Weyl’s supposedly failed attempt at a unified theory of gravitation and electromagnetism. As is the case with Professor Weyl’s theory, unit vectors in the proposed theory vary from one point to the next, albeit, in a manner such that they are—for better or for worse;compelled to yield tensorial affinities. In a separate reading, the Dirac equation is shown to emerge as part of the description of the these variable unit vectors. The nuclear force fields—i.e., electromagnetic, weak and the strong— together with the gravitational force field are seen to be described by a four-vector field Aμ, which forms part of the body of the variable unit vectors and hence the metric of spacetime. The resulting theory very strongly appears to be a logically consistent and coherent unification of classical and quantum physics and at the same time a grand unity of all the forces of Nature. Unlike most unification theories, the present proposal is unique in that it achieves unification on a fourdimensional continuum of spacetime without the need for extra-dimensions.展开更多
Based on theoretical system of current Maxwell’s equations, the Maxwell’s equations for LEM waves concealed in full current law and Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction (Faraday’s law) are proposed. Then, ta...Based on theoretical system of current Maxwell’s equations, the Maxwell’s equations for LEM waves concealed in full current law and Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction (Faraday’s law) are proposed. Then, taking them as the fundamental equations, the wave equation and energy equation of LEM waves are established, and a new electromagnetic wave propagation mode based on the mutual induction of scalar electromagnetic fields/vortex magneto-electric fields, which was overlooked in current Maxwell’s equations, are put forward. Moreover, through theoretical derivation based on vacuum LEM waves, the Maxwell’s equations of the gravitational field generated by vacuum LEM waves, the wave equations of the electromagnetic scalar potential/magnetic vector potential and the constraint equation governing the wave phase-velocities between LEM/TEM waves are discovered. Finally, on the basis of these theoretical research results, the electromagnetic properties of vacuum LEM waves are analyzed in detail, encompassing the speed of light, harmless penetrability to the human body, absorption and stable storage by water, the possibility of generating artificial gravitational fields, and the capability of extracting free energy. This reveals the medical functional mechanism of LEM waves and establishes a solid theoretical basis for the application of LEM waves in the fields of medicine and energy.展开更多
This paper represents model of oscillating universe theory. We try to realize model of both electromagnetic waves and spectrum of elementary particles from the unified point of view. Consideration of problems of the g...This paper represents model of oscillating universe theory. We try to realize model of both electromagnetic waves and spectrum of elementary particles from the unified point of view. Consideration of problems of the gravitational optics and dark matter is developing from the solid crystal model for the vacuum. The vacuum is represented as a three-dimensional crystal lattice matter with a very small lattice period, much less than 10-26 cm. The oscillators are located at the nodes of an infinite lattice. It is shown that an infinite set of equations to describe the coupled oscillations of moving oscillators converges to a system of twelve equations. We have obtained the combined equations for a multicomponent order parameter in the form of the electric and magnetic vacuum polarization, which defines the spectrum and symmetry of normal oscillations in the form of elementary particles. Two order parameters—a polar vector and an axial vector— had to be introduced as electrical and magnetic polarization, correspondingly, in order to describe dynamic properties of vacuum. Vacuum susceptibility has been determined to be equal to the fine structure constant a. Unified interaction constant g for all particles equal to the double charge of Dirac monopole has been found (g = e/a, where e—electron charge). The fundamental vacuum constants are: g, a, parameters of length and parameters of time for electron and nucleon oscillations, correspondingly. Energy of elementary particles has been expressed in terms of the fundamental vacuum parameters, light velocity being equal to . The term mass of particle has been shown to have no independent meaning. Particle energy does have physical sense as wave packet energy related to vacuum excitation. Exact equation for particle movement in the gravitational field has been derived, the equation being applied to any relatively compact object: planet, satellite, electron, proton, photon and neutrino. The situation has been examined according to the cosmological principle when galaxies are distributed around an infinite space. In this case the recession of galaxies is impossible, so the red shift of far galaxies’ radiation has to be interpreted as the blue time shift of atomic spectra;it follows that zero-energy, and consequently electron mass are being increased at the time. Since physical vacuum has existed eternally, vacuum parameters can be either constant, or oscillating with time. It is the time oscillation of the parameters that leads to the growth of electron mass within the last 15 billion years and that is displayed in the red shift;the proton mass being decreased that is displayed in planet radiation.展开更多
It is well known that energy-momentum is the source of gravitational field. For a long time, it is generally believed that only stars with huge masses can generate strong gravitational field. Based on the unified theo...It is well known that energy-momentum is the source of gravitational field. For a long time, it is generally believed that only stars with huge masses can generate strong gravitational field. Based on the unified theory of gravitational interactions and electromagnetic interactions, a new mechanism of the generation of gravitational field is studied. According to this mechanism, in some special conditions, electromagnetic energy can be directly converted into gravitational energy, and strong gravitational field can be generated without massive stars. Gravity impulse found in experiments is generated by this mechanism.展开更多
Einstein dealt a lethal blow to Weyl’s unified theory by arguing that Weyl’s theory was at the very best—beautiful, and at the very least, un-physical, because its concept of variation of the length of a vector fro...Einstein dealt a lethal blow to Weyl’s unified theory by arguing that Weyl’s theory was at the very best—beautiful, and at the very least, un-physical, because its concept of variation of the length of a vector from one point of space to the other meant that certain absolute quantities, such as the “fixed” spacing of atomic spectral lines and the Compton wavelength of an Electron for example, would change arbitrarily as they would have to depend on their prehistories. This venomous criticism of Einstein to Weyl’s theory remains much alive today as it was on the first day Einstein pronounced it. We demonstrate herein that one can overcome Einstein’s criticism by recasting Weyl’s theory into a new Weyl-kind of theory were the length of vectors are preserved as is the case in Riemann geometry. In this New Weyl Theory, the Weyl gauge transformation of the Riemann metric gμν?and the Maxwellian electromagnetic field Aμ?are preserved.展开更多
We show that the electromagnetic quantum vacuum derives directly from Maxwell’s theory and plays a primary role in quantum electrodynamics, particle physics, gravitation and cosmology. It corresponds to the electroma...We show that the electromagnetic quantum vacuum derives directly from Maxwell’s theory and plays a primary role in quantum electrodynamics, particle physics, gravitation and cosmology. It corresponds to the electromagnetic field ground state at zero frequency, a zero-energy cosmic field permeating all of space and it is composed of real states, called kenons (κενο = vacuum). Photons are local oscillations of kenons guided by a non-local vector potential wave function with quantized amplitude. They propagate at the speed imposed by the vacuum electric permittivity ε<sub>0</sub> and magnetic permeability μ<sub>0</sub>, which are intrinsic properties of the electromagnetic quantum vacuum. The electron-positron elementary charge derives naturally from the electromagnetic quantum vacuum and is related to the photon vector potential. We establish the masse-charge equivalence relation showing that the masses of all particles (leptons, mesons, baryons) and antiparticles are states of the elementary charges and their magnetic moments. The equivalence between Newton’s gravitational law and Coulomb’s electrostatic law results naturally. In addition, we show that the gravitational constant G is expressed explicitly through the electromagnetic quantum vacuum constants putting in evidence the electromagnetic nature of gravity. We draw that G is the same for matter and antimatter but gravitational forces should be repulsive between particles and antiparticles because their masses bear naturally opposite signs. The electromagnetic quantum vacuum appears to be the natural link between quantum electrodynamics, particle physics, gravitation and cosmology and constitutes a basic step towards a unified field theory. Dark Energy and Dark Matter might originate from the electromagnetic quantum vacuum fluctuations. The calculated electromagnetic vacuum energy density, related to the cosmological constant considered responsible for the cosmic acceleration, is in good agreement with the astrophysical observations. The cosmic acceleration may be due to both “quantum vacuum fluctuations” and “matter-antimatter gravitational repelling”. All the above results are established without stating any assumptions or postulates. Next, we advance two hypotheses with cosmological impact. The first is based on the possibility that gravitation is due to the electromagnetic quantum vacuum density of states fluctuations giving rise to a photon pressure at the characteristic collective oscillation frequencies of the charge densities composing the bodies (Electromagnetic Push Gravity). The second advances that energy, matter and antimatter in the universe emerge spontaneously from the quantum vacuum fluctuations as residues that remain stable in space and we present the main principles upon which a new cosmological model may be developed overcoming the well-known Big Bang issues.展开更多
THE theory of unified representation of gravitation field proposed by the author is modelledupon spherical approximation for disturbing potential. It is a common knowledge that sphericalapproximation should lead to a ...THE theory of unified representation of gravitation field proposed by the author is modelledupon spherical approximation for disturbing potential. It is a common knowledge that sphericalapproximation should lead to a result involving an innate error. This kind of error is tolerableonly for general application, an ellipsoidal correction has to be taken into account in case of de-siring for a result with higher accuracy. The purpose of this note is to try to make an展开更多
The origin of elementary particle mass is considered as a function of n-valued graviton quanta. To develop this concept we begin in a cold region of “empty space” comprised of only microscopic gravitons oscillating ...The origin of elementary particle mass is considered as a function of n-valued graviton quanta. To develop this concept we begin in a cold region of “empty space” comprised of only microscopic gravitons oscillating at angular frequency ω. From opposite directions enters a pair of stray protons. Upon colliding, heat and energy are released. Customarily, this phase and what follows afterward would be described by Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD). Instead, we argue for an intermediary step. One in which neighboring gravitons absorb discrete amounts of plane-wave energy. Captured by the graviton, the planewave becomes a standing wave, whereupon its electromagnetic energy densities are converted into gravitational quanta. Immediately thereafter an elementary particle is formed and emitted, having both mass and spin. From absorption to conversion to emission occurs in less than 3.7 × 10−16 s. During this basic unit of hybrid time, general relativity and quantum physics unite into a common set of physical laws. As additional stray protons collide the process continues. Over eons, vast regions of spacetime become populated with low-mass particles. These we recognize to be dark matter by its effects on large scale structures in the universe. Its counterpart, dark energy, arises when the conversion of gravitational quanta to particle emission is interrupted. This causes the gravitational quanta to be ejected. It is recognized by its large scale effects on the universe.展开更多
As a deepening and extension of Theory of Unified Representation of Gravitational Field^([1]), this paper covers two aspects as follows: in theory, we go into the fundamental structure of the internal problem and put ...As a deepening and extension of Theory of Unified Representation of Gravitational Field^([1]), this paper covers two aspects as follows: in theory, we go into the fundamental structure of the internal problem and put emphasis on seeking the solution of the disturbing potential in spectral domain and establishing a spectral structure form of anomalous density; and in application, according to the given form we try to take a look at the distribution charateristics of anomalous densities of lithosphere about 30—40 km deep in the continent of China in illustration of evaluating practical trustworthiness of the present theory. Calculations done here are based on earth gravity model DQM84D^([2]) and show that this theory seems to be convincing.展开更多
文摘For a special use a new modelling method of evaluating external disturbing potential is presented in this paper.Being different from classical methods in physical geodesy this method is grounded upon the theory of unified representation of gravitational field.The models created in this way are particularly satisfactory for a high_speed computation of gravitational field in low altitude because they take account of topographic effects and have their kernel functions with simple structure and weak singularity.
文摘The wisdom of classicalunified field theories in the conceptual framework of Weyl, Eddington, Einstein and Schrodinger has often been doubted and in particular there does not appear to be any empirical reason why the Einstein-Maxwell (E-MJ theory needs to be geometrized. The crux of the matter is, however not whether the E-M theory is aesthetically satisfactory but whether it answers all the modern questions within the classical context. In particular, the E-M theory does not provide a classical platform from which the Dirac equation can be derived in the way Schrodinger's equation is derived from classical mechanics via the energy equation and the Correspondence Principle. The present paper presents a non-dualistic unified field theory (UFT) in the said conceptual framework as propounded by M. A. Tonnelat. By allowing the metric form ds2=g,dx dx and the non-degenerate two-form F=(1/2t)rdx dx to enter symmetrically into the theory we obtain a UFT which contains Einstein's General Relativity and the Born-Infeld electrodynamics as special cases. Above all, it is shown that the Dirac equation describing the electron in an 'external' gravito-electromagnetic field can be derived from the non-dualistic Einstein equation by a simple factorization if the Correspondence Principle is assumed.
文摘The present reading is part of our on-going attempt at the foremost endeavour of physics since man began to comprehend the heavens and the earth. We present a much more improved Unified Field Theory of all the forces of Nature i.e. the gravitational, the electromagnetic, the weak and the strong nuclear forces. The proposed theory is a radical improvement of Professor Hermann Weyl’s supposedly failed attempt at a unified theory of gravitation and electromagnetism. As is the case with Professor Weyl’s theory, unit vectors in the proposed theory vary from one point to the next, albeit, in a manner such that they are—for better or for worse;compelled to yield tensorial affinities. In a separate reading, the Dirac equation is shown to emerge as part of the description of the these variable unit vectors. The nuclear force fields—i.e., electromagnetic, weak and the strong— together with the gravitational force field are seen to be described by a four-vector field Aμ, which forms part of the body of the variable unit vectors and hence the metric of spacetime. The resulting theory very strongly appears to be a logically consistent and coherent unification of classical and quantum physics and at the same time a grand unity of all the forces of Nature. Unlike most unification theories, the present proposal is unique in that it achieves unification on a fourdimensional continuum of spacetime without the need for extra-dimensions.
文摘Based on theoretical system of current Maxwell’s equations, the Maxwell’s equations for LEM waves concealed in full current law and Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction (Faraday’s law) are proposed. Then, taking them as the fundamental equations, the wave equation and energy equation of LEM waves are established, and a new electromagnetic wave propagation mode based on the mutual induction of scalar electromagnetic fields/vortex magneto-electric fields, which was overlooked in current Maxwell’s equations, are put forward. Moreover, through theoretical derivation based on vacuum LEM waves, the Maxwell’s equations of the gravitational field generated by vacuum LEM waves, the wave equations of the electromagnetic scalar potential/magnetic vector potential and the constraint equation governing the wave phase-velocities between LEM/TEM waves are discovered. Finally, on the basis of these theoretical research results, the electromagnetic properties of vacuum LEM waves are analyzed in detail, encompassing the speed of light, harmless penetrability to the human body, absorption and stable storage by water, the possibility of generating artificial gravitational fields, and the capability of extracting free energy. This reveals the medical functional mechanism of LEM waves and establishes a solid theoretical basis for the application of LEM waves in the fields of medicine and energy.
文摘This paper represents model of oscillating universe theory. We try to realize model of both electromagnetic waves and spectrum of elementary particles from the unified point of view. Consideration of problems of the gravitational optics and dark matter is developing from the solid crystal model for the vacuum. The vacuum is represented as a three-dimensional crystal lattice matter with a very small lattice period, much less than 10-26 cm. The oscillators are located at the nodes of an infinite lattice. It is shown that an infinite set of equations to describe the coupled oscillations of moving oscillators converges to a system of twelve equations. We have obtained the combined equations for a multicomponent order parameter in the form of the electric and magnetic vacuum polarization, which defines the spectrum and symmetry of normal oscillations in the form of elementary particles. Two order parameters—a polar vector and an axial vector— had to be introduced as electrical and magnetic polarization, correspondingly, in order to describe dynamic properties of vacuum. Vacuum susceptibility has been determined to be equal to the fine structure constant a. Unified interaction constant g for all particles equal to the double charge of Dirac monopole has been found (g = e/a, where e—electron charge). The fundamental vacuum constants are: g, a, parameters of length and parameters of time for electron and nucleon oscillations, correspondingly. Energy of elementary particles has been expressed in terms of the fundamental vacuum parameters, light velocity being equal to . The term mass of particle has been shown to have no independent meaning. Particle energy does have physical sense as wave packet energy related to vacuum excitation. Exact equation for particle movement in the gravitational field has been derived, the equation being applied to any relatively compact object: planet, satellite, electron, proton, photon and neutrino. The situation has been examined according to the cosmological principle when galaxies are distributed around an infinite space. In this case the recession of galaxies is impossible, so the red shift of far galaxies’ radiation has to be interpreted as the blue time shift of atomic spectra;it follows that zero-energy, and consequently electron mass are being increased at the time. Since physical vacuum has existed eternally, vacuum parameters can be either constant, or oscillating with time. It is the time oscillation of the parameters that leads to the growth of electron mass within the last 15 billion years and that is displayed in the red shift;the proton mass being decreased that is displayed in planet radiation.
文摘It is well known that energy-momentum is the source of gravitational field. For a long time, it is generally believed that only stars with huge masses can generate strong gravitational field. Based on the unified theory of gravitational interactions and electromagnetic interactions, a new mechanism of the generation of gravitational field is studied. According to this mechanism, in some special conditions, electromagnetic energy can be directly converted into gravitational energy, and strong gravitational field can be generated without massive stars. Gravity impulse found in experiments is generated by this mechanism.
文摘Einstein dealt a lethal blow to Weyl’s unified theory by arguing that Weyl’s theory was at the very best—beautiful, and at the very least, un-physical, because its concept of variation of the length of a vector from one point of space to the other meant that certain absolute quantities, such as the “fixed” spacing of atomic spectral lines and the Compton wavelength of an Electron for example, would change arbitrarily as they would have to depend on their prehistories. This venomous criticism of Einstein to Weyl’s theory remains much alive today as it was on the first day Einstein pronounced it. We demonstrate herein that one can overcome Einstein’s criticism by recasting Weyl’s theory into a new Weyl-kind of theory were the length of vectors are preserved as is the case in Riemann geometry. In this New Weyl Theory, the Weyl gauge transformation of the Riemann metric gμν?and the Maxwellian electromagnetic field Aμ?are preserved.
文摘We show that the electromagnetic quantum vacuum derives directly from Maxwell’s theory and plays a primary role in quantum electrodynamics, particle physics, gravitation and cosmology. It corresponds to the electromagnetic field ground state at zero frequency, a zero-energy cosmic field permeating all of space and it is composed of real states, called kenons (κενο = vacuum). Photons are local oscillations of kenons guided by a non-local vector potential wave function with quantized amplitude. They propagate at the speed imposed by the vacuum electric permittivity ε<sub>0</sub> and magnetic permeability μ<sub>0</sub>, which are intrinsic properties of the electromagnetic quantum vacuum. The electron-positron elementary charge derives naturally from the electromagnetic quantum vacuum and is related to the photon vector potential. We establish the masse-charge equivalence relation showing that the masses of all particles (leptons, mesons, baryons) and antiparticles are states of the elementary charges and their magnetic moments. The equivalence between Newton’s gravitational law and Coulomb’s electrostatic law results naturally. In addition, we show that the gravitational constant G is expressed explicitly through the electromagnetic quantum vacuum constants putting in evidence the electromagnetic nature of gravity. We draw that G is the same for matter and antimatter but gravitational forces should be repulsive between particles and antiparticles because their masses bear naturally opposite signs. The electromagnetic quantum vacuum appears to be the natural link between quantum electrodynamics, particle physics, gravitation and cosmology and constitutes a basic step towards a unified field theory. Dark Energy and Dark Matter might originate from the electromagnetic quantum vacuum fluctuations. The calculated electromagnetic vacuum energy density, related to the cosmological constant considered responsible for the cosmic acceleration, is in good agreement with the astrophysical observations. The cosmic acceleration may be due to both “quantum vacuum fluctuations” and “matter-antimatter gravitational repelling”. All the above results are established without stating any assumptions or postulates. Next, we advance two hypotheses with cosmological impact. The first is based on the possibility that gravitation is due to the electromagnetic quantum vacuum density of states fluctuations giving rise to a photon pressure at the characteristic collective oscillation frequencies of the charge densities composing the bodies (Electromagnetic Push Gravity). The second advances that energy, matter and antimatter in the universe emerge spontaneously from the quantum vacuum fluctuations as residues that remain stable in space and we present the main principles upon which a new cosmological model may be developed overcoming the well-known Big Bang issues.
文摘THE theory of unified representation of gravitation field proposed by the author is modelledupon spherical approximation for disturbing potential. It is a common knowledge that sphericalapproximation should lead to a result involving an innate error. This kind of error is tolerableonly for general application, an ellipsoidal correction has to be taken into account in case of de-siring for a result with higher accuracy. The purpose of this note is to try to make an
文摘The origin of elementary particle mass is considered as a function of n-valued graviton quanta. To develop this concept we begin in a cold region of “empty space” comprised of only microscopic gravitons oscillating at angular frequency ω. From opposite directions enters a pair of stray protons. Upon colliding, heat and energy are released. Customarily, this phase and what follows afterward would be described by Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD). Instead, we argue for an intermediary step. One in which neighboring gravitons absorb discrete amounts of plane-wave energy. Captured by the graviton, the planewave becomes a standing wave, whereupon its electromagnetic energy densities are converted into gravitational quanta. Immediately thereafter an elementary particle is formed and emitted, having both mass and spin. From absorption to conversion to emission occurs in less than 3.7 × 10−16 s. During this basic unit of hybrid time, general relativity and quantum physics unite into a common set of physical laws. As additional stray protons collide the process continues. Over eons, vast regions of spacetime become populated with low-mass particles. These we recognize to be dark matter by its effects on large scale structures in the universe. Its counterpart, dark energy, arises when the conversion of gravitational quanta to particle emission is interrupted. This causes the gravitational quanta to be ejected. It is recognized by its large scale effects on the universe.
基金Project supported by National Natural Science foundation of China
文摘As a deepening and extension of Theory of Unified Representation of Gravitational Field^([1]), this paper covers two aspects as follows: in theory, we go into the fundamental structure of the internal problem and put emphasis on seeking the solution of the disturbing potential in spectral domain and establishing a spectral structure form of anomalous density; and in application, according to the given form we try to take a look at the distribution charateristics of anomalous densities of lithosphere about 30—40 km deep in the continent of China in illustration of evaluating practical trustworthiness of the present theory. Calculations done here are based on earth gravity model DQM84D^([2]) and show that this theory seems to be convincing.
