INFLUENCE OF THE FIVE ELEMENT THEORY ON ACUPUNCTUROLOGY

In the present paper, the authors make a simple comment on the influence of the theory of five elements of TCM on the acupuncturology from ① its influence on the meridian-collateral theory and acupoint system; ② its influence on acu-moxibustion therapeutics including the application of mother and son points for reinforcing and reducing, the application of the five element theory to the midnight-noon ebb-flow needling, and guiding point selection in different seasons; and ③ its influence on acupuncture techniques.

String cosmological models in the Brans-Dicke theory for five-dimensional space-time

Five-dimensional space-time string cosmological models generated by a cloud of strings with particles attached to them are studied in the Brans-Dicke theory. We obtain two types of interesting models by taking up the cases of geometric strings （or Nambu strings） and p-strings （Takabayasi strings）, and study their different physi- cal and dynamical properties. The roles of the scalar field in getting different phases, such as the inflationary phase and the string-dominated phase, are discussed. An in- teresting feature obtained here is that in one of the models there is a ＂bounce＂ at a particular instant of its evolution.

Evidential method to identify influential nodes in complex networks

Identifying influential nodes in complex networks is still an open issue. In this paper, a new comprehensive centrality mea- sure is proposed based on the Dempster-Shafer evidence theory. The existing measures of degree centrality, betweenness centra- lity and closeness centrality are taken into consideration in the proposed method. Numerical examples are used to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Improved evidential fuzzy c-means method

Dempster-Shafer evidence theory(DS theory) is widely used in brain magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) segmentation,due to its efficient combination of the evidence from different sources. In this paper, an improved MRI segmentation method,which is based on fuzzy c-means(FCM) and DS theory, is proposed. Firstly, the average fusion method is used to reduce the uncertainty and the conflict information in the pictures. Then, the neighborhood information and the different influences of spatial location of neighborhood pixels are taken into consideration to handle the spatial information. Finally, the segmentation and the sensor data fusion are achieved by using the DS theory. The simulated images and the MRI images illustrate that our proposed method is more effective in image segmentation.

Analysis of wave propagation in micro/nanobeam-like structures: A size-dependent model

By incorporating the strain gradient elasticity into the classical Bernoulli-Euler beam and Timoshenko beam models, the size-dependent characteristics of wave propaga- tion in micro/nanobeams is studied. The formulations of dis- persion relation are explicitly derived for both strain gradi- ent beam models, and presented for different material length scale parameters （MLSPs）. For both phenomenological size- dependent beam models, the angular frequency, phase veloc- ity and group velocity increase with increasing wave num- ber. However, the velocity ratios approach different values for different beam models, indicating an interesting behavior of the asymptotic velocity ratio. The present theory is also compared with the nonlocal continuum beam models.

A damage-based constitutive model for rock under impacting load

Using the Splitting Hopkinson Pressure Bar （SHPB） experimental system, investigations were made into the dynamic mechanical performances of underground soft rocks. The experiments proved that the measured stress-strain curves display the characteristics of plastic deformation. By making use of a revised overstress constitutive formula for the stress model and by taking into account that the strain rate and strain are a function of I - E（t）/Eo, a revised overstress constitutive formula for the stress model was simplified by applying dimensional analysis and consequently, a simplified overstress formula was obtained for the stress model. Then, by taking into consideration the effects of damage under a dynamic load on the dynamic loading strength of the rock, the continuous damage theory and the statistical strength theory were introduced into the development of the simplified overstress constitutive formula for the stress model. Hence, a damage-based constitutive formula for an overstress model, which can be appropriately applied to the analysis of full dynamic stress-strain curves, was developed. By using the simplified damage-based constitutive formula for an overstress model, the actually measured curves are fitted, indicating that the fitting curves and those actually measured are in good agreement.

Qubit Systems from Colored Toric Geometry and Hypercube Graph Theory

We develop a new geometric approach to deal with qubit information systems using colored graph theory. More precisely, we present a one to one correspondence between graph theory, and qubit systems, which may be explored to attack qubit information problems using torie geometry considered as a powerful tool to understand modern physics including string theory. Concretely, we examine in some details the cases of one, two, and three qubits, and we find that they are associated with CP1, CP1×CP1 and CP1×CP1× CP1 toric varieties respectively. Using a geometric procedure referred to as a colored toric geometry, we show that the qubit physics can be converted into a scenario handling toric data of such manifolds by help of hypercube graph theory. Operations on toric information can produce universal quantum gates.

High frequency S wave envelope synthesis using a multiple non-isotropic scattering model: application to aftershocks from the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake

Based on the formulation of a multiple non-isotropic scattering process, a characteristic source time is introduced to define the initial impulse width of energy density at the source. An analytical expression of the initial intensity spectral density of a seismic wave is incorporated into the integral equation of seismic wave energy density. And, a recursive formula of Green＇s function is derived to obtain the higher order Green＇s function, which is included to describe the stronger non-isotropic scattering process. Then, the effect of the scattering pattern on the energy density envelope is investigated by the modified scattering theory. Significant differences arc found in the decay of the energy density envelopes with distances using different scattering patterns. The envelope synthesized by the forward dominated scattering pattern is larger than the results obtained by the isotropic and backward dominated scattering pattern. Different scattering patterns are also used to fit the observation data from the aftershocks of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. It is concluded that the envelopes synthesized by the forward scattering pattern can match the data better than the isotropic and backward dominated scattering cases, and a new interpretation of the coda wave is given. Finally, using the forward dominated scattering pattern, the envelope broadening of the observed data is reproduced.

Wave propagation analysis of rotating thermoelastically-actuated nanobeams based on nonlocal strain gradient theory

This paper is concerned with the wave propagation behavior of rotating functionally graded（FG）temperature-dependent nanoscale beams subjected to thermal loading based on nonlocal strain gradient stress field.Uniform,linear and nonlinear temperature distributions across the thickness are investigated.Thermo-elastic properties of FG beam change gradually according to the Mori–Tanaka distribution model in the spatial coordinate.The nanobeam is modeled via a higher-order shear deformable refined beam theory which has a trigonometric shear stress function.The governing equations are derived by Hamilton’s principle as a function of axial force due to centrifugal stiffening and displacement.The solution of these equations is provided employing a Galerkin-based approach which has the potential to capture various boundary conditions.By applying an analytical solution and solving an eigenvalue problem,the dispersion relations of rotating FG nanobeam are obtained.Numerical results illustrate that various parameters including temperature change,angular velocity,nonlocality parameter,wave number and gradient index have significant effects on the wave dispersion characteristics of the nanobeam under study.The outcome of this study can provide beneficial information for the next-generation research and the exact design of nano-machines including nanoscale molecular bearings,nanogears,etc.

Cheeger's cut, maxcut and the spectral theory of1-Laplacian on graphs

This is primarily an expository paper surveying up-to-date known results on the spectral theory of1-Laplacian on graphs and its applications to the Cheeger cut, maxcut and multi-cut problems. The structure of eigenspace, nodal domains, multiplicities of eigenvalues, and algorithms for graph cuts are collected.

Thermionic emission theory and diffusion theory applied to CdTe PV devices

In this work, a comprehensive model that takes the phenomenon of carrier thermionic-emission within the frame work of a diffusion theory of current conducting into account in the type Ⅱ hetero-junction Cd Te solar cell is developed. According to this model, it is found that the total current flowing through the Cd Te solar cell is limited by the thermionic process for very thin quasi-neutral regions and limited by the diffusion process for the reverse case. In future research of the Cd Te solar cell, such an approach may enable the determination of the boundary conditions for all doping profiles and computation of the conversion efficiency, etc.

The Guidance and Meaning directed by the Three Phases of Memory on the Reading of Literature Works Written by the Style of Stream of Consciousness ——taking the Work Hear the Wind Sing by Haruki Murakami as an Example

Recently, the researchers put their attention on the literature works on Virginia Woolf or James Joyce too heavily just because the skill of stream of consciousness is used through the novel completely. Choosing this novel by Japanese writer as an example is an experiment, because the stream of consciousness as a composing method has melted its impression into the modem novel. And in the researcher＇s opinion, regardless the traditional part, the researching focus should be shifted on the works written by nowadays writer. To begin this paper, there are four questions should be solved： First, the definition of stream of consciousness should be known clearly; another question is the structure analysis of structure of Hear the Wind Sing; secondly, compared with the mental space theory and blending theory by Fauconnier, how to judge the function of Three Phases of memory＇s direction on reading should be focused on; thirdly, the reason why readers meet the problem of barrier when they read the stream of consciousness novel, and how the memory helps to solve the problem should be study in this section. Fourth, the extra factors which support the function of memory will enhance the skill of reading the SOC novel and finally foreground the meaning.

On the limitations of linear beams for the problems of moving mass-beam interaction using a meshfree method

This paper deals with the capabilities of linear and nonlinear beam theories in predicting the dynamic response of an elastically supported thin beam traversed by a moving mass. To this end, the discrete equations of motion are developed based on Lagrange＇s equations via reproducing kernel particle method （RKPM）. For a particular case of a simply supported beam, Galerkin method is also employed to verify the results obtained by RKPM, and a reasonably good agreement is achieved. Variations of the maximum dynamic deflection and bending moment associated with the linear and nonlinear beam theories are investigated in terms of moving mass weight and velocity for various beam boundary conditions. It is demonstrated that for majority of the moving mass velocities, the differences between the results of linear and nonlinear analyses become remarkable as the moving mass weight increases, particularly for high levels of moving mass velocity. Except for the cantilever beam, the nonlinear beam theory predicts higher possibility of moving mass separation from the base beam compared to the linear one. Furthermore, the accuracy levels of the linear beam theory are determined for thin beams under large deflections and small rotations as a function of moving mass weight and velocity in various boundary conditions.

Effects of Electron Donating Ability of Substituents and Molecular Conjugation on the Electronic Structures of Organic Radicals

The geometries and electronic structures of a series of electron donor-acceptor radical molecules have been studied theoretically.The computational results show that the introduction of substituents with strong electron donating ability into tri-(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)methyl(TTM)radicals enables the radical molecules to form the non-Aufbau electronic structure.The difficulty of forming the non-Aufbau electronic structure decreases with the enhancement of the electron donating ability of the substituent,but the expansion of the molecular conjugated system is not conducive to the formation.The hybridization of different fragments in molecular orbitals results in the disproportionation of orbital energy level and forms a staggered energy level structure.The electronic structure of radical molecules can be adjusted by substituents and molecular skeleton profoundly,which is a very effective means for molecular design.

Work-family conflict and organizational citizenship behavior： the role of job satisfaction and decision authority

Drawing upon the conservation of resources theory （Hobfoll, Am Psychol 44：513- 524, 1989）, social exchange theory （Blau, Exchange and power in social life, 1964） and the job demand-control model （Karasek, Adm Sci Q 24：285-308, 1979）, this study uncovers the theoretical mechanism that explains the relationship between work- family conflict and organizational citizenship behavior （OCB）. First, this study focuses on how employee job satisfaction mediates the relationship. Then, we investigate the moderating role of decision authority in, the mediated relationsip. We employ three-wave data collected from 324 employees in 102 teams to test our hypotheses. Aesults of hierarchical linear modeling （HLM） first shows that job satisfaction mediates the relationship between work interference with family （WIF） and OCB. In addition, employees＇ decision authority moderates the direct effect of WlF on OCB. Specifically, the negative relationship between WlF and OCB is stronger when employees＇ decision authority is high. Moreover, decision authority moderates the indirect effect of WIF on OCB via job satisfaction. Specifically, the negative relationship between WlE and job satisfaction is weaker when employees＇ decision authority is high. The results suggest that organizations should give employees enough decision authority over their work, as a high level of decision authority may act as a double-edged sword regarding critical organizational outcomes.

Quasi-periodic Solutions for the Derivative Nonlinear Schrdinger Equation with Finitely Differentiable Nonlinearities

The authors are concerned with a class of derivative nonlinear Schr¨odinger equation iu_t + u_(xx) + i?f(u, ū, ωt)u_x=0,(t, x) ∈ R × [0, π],subject to Dirichlet boundary condition, where the nonlinearity f(z1, z2, ?) is merely finitely differentiable with respect to all variables rather than analytic and quasi-periodically forced in time. By developing a smoothing and approximation theory, the existence of many quasi-periodic solutions of the above equation is proved.