The cytokine channel’s mechanism for self-regulation involves the application of antagonistic cytokines that are synthesized to connect to the receptors and release soluble cytokine receptors.The very first receptor ...The cytokine channel’s mechanism for self-regulation involves the application of antagonistic cytokines that are synthesized to connect to the receptors and release soluble cytokine receptors.The very first receptor antagonist of cytokine that was naturally present was interleukin-1 receptor antagonist(IL-1Ra).The IL-1Ra protein forms are disinfected from supernatants of cultured monocytes on stacked IgG.The family of IL-1 consists of IL-1α,IL-1βand IL-1Ra.Human monocytes regulate the production of IL-Ra.IL-Ra takes part in normal physiological functions by using specific antibodies,and acts as an anti-inflammatory agent.IL-Ra is synthesized in the tissues during the period of active disease and can be systematically measured and/or estimated.Maintenance of the levels of IL-Ra and IL-1 is the main factor for host resistance in patients during diseased conditions,as IL-Ra acts as an inherent regulator of various inflammatory responses.In this article,we focuse on how IL-Ra is synthesized and performs its functions once the inflammatory responses are activated.展开更多
Non-invasive therapeutic methods have recently been used in medical sciences. Enzymes have shown high activity at very low concentrations in laboratories and pharmaceutical,enabling them to play crucial roles in diffe...Non-invasive therapeutic methods have recently been used in medical sciences. Enzymes have shown high activity at very low concentrations in laboratories and pharmaceutical,enabling them to play crucial roles in different biological phenomena related to living organism, especially human medicine. Recently, using the therapeutic methods based on non-invasive approaches has been emphasized in medical society. Researchers have focused on producing medicines and tools reducing invasive procedures in medical.Collagenases are proteins which catalyze chemical processes and break the peptide bonds in collagen. Collagen may be generated more than the required amount or produced in unsuitable sites or may not degrade after a certain time. In such cases, using an injectable collagenase or its ointment can be helpful in collagen degradation. In both in vitro and in vivo tests, it has been revealed that collagenases have several therapeutic properties in wound healing, burns, nipple pain and some diseases including intervertebral disc herniation, keloid, cellulite, lipoma among others. This review describes the therapeutic application of collagenase in medical sciences and the process for its production using novel methods, paving the way for more effective and safe applications of collagenases.展开更多
Fibrosis is a condition in which connective tissue replaces normal parenchymal tissue,resulting in significant tissue remodeling.Fibrosis can affect several organs and pose a serious threat to human health and life.Ad...Fibrosis is a condition in which connective tissue replaces normal parenchymal tissue,resulting in significant tissue remodeling.Fibrosis can affect several organs and pose a serious threat to human health and life.Adiposederived stem cells(ASCs)have been suggested as promising candidates for antifibrotic therapies.Paracrine secretion is one of the key processes in stem cell therapy due to its critical function in cellular communication.ASC-derived exosomes(ASC-exos)are used as tools for restoring and regenerating damaged tissue,and they are now thought to orchestrate antifibrosis-related events.In this review,we summarize the recent findings and present an extensive view of the therapeutic applications of ASC-exos in fibrotic diseases.展开更多
Microbial ecosystem comprises a complex community in which bacteria interact with each other. The potential roles of the intestinal microbiome play in human health have gained considerable attention. The imbalance of ...Microbial ecosystem comprises a complex community in which bacteria interact with each other. The potential roles of the intestinal microbiome play in human health have gained considerable attention. The imbalance of gut microbial community has been looked to multiple chronic diseases. Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are leading causes of morbidity worldwide and are influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Recent advances have provided scientific evidence that CVD may also be attributed to gut microbiome. In this review, we highlight the complex interplay between microbes, their metabolites, and the potential influence on the generation and development of CVDs. The therapeutic potential of using intestinal microbiomes to treat CVD is also discussed. It is quite possible that gut microbes may be used for clinical treatments of CVD in the near future.展开更多
Hirudotherapy has a broad spectrum of therapeutic application in the medical field ranging from cardiology,gynaecology,ophthalmology,plastic and reconstructive surgeries.In medieval and early modern medicine,leeches w...Hirudotherapy has a broad spectrum of therapeutic application in the medical field ranging from cardiology,gynaecology,ophthalmology,plastic and reconstructive surgeries.In medieval and early modern medicine,leeches were used to remove blood from patients in an attempt to balance the biological humours.Leeches are widely used to treat venous congestion in microvascular replantation,free and conventional flap surgery and traumatology.Recently,Food and Drug Administration has approved the usage of live leeches as medical device for therapeutic applications.Presently,some of the leech species have declined dramatically in its population due to the over utilization of leech for medicinal purposes and also due to pollution in several parts of the world particularly in European and Asian countries.This review presents an overview of leech including the history,biology,classification,and its application as medical device.Further,it also covers the controversies and misconception related to leech species identification and complications of post hirudotherapy.展开更多
Unnatural amino acids(UAAs)have gained significant attention in protein engineering and drug development owing to their ability to introduce new chemical functionalities to proteins.In eukaryotes,genetic code expansio...Unnatural amino acids(UAAs)have gained significant attention in protein engineering and drug development owing to their ability to introduce new chemical functionalities to proteins.In eukaryotes,genetic code expansion(GCE)enables the incorporation of UAAs and facilitates posttranscriptional modification(PTM),which is not feasible in prokaryotic systems.GCE is also a powerful tool for cell or animal imaging,the monitoring of protein interactions in target cells,drug development,and switch regulation.Therefore,there is keen interest in utilizing GCE in eukaryotic systems.This review provides an overview of the application of GCE in eukaryotic systems and discusses current challenges that need to be addressed.展开更多
Flavonoids are now considered as an indispensable component in a variety of nutraceutical and pharmaceutical applications.Most recent researches have focused on the health aspects of flavonoids for humans.Especially,d...Flavonoids are now considered as an indispensable component in a variety of nutraceutical and pharmaceutical applications.Most recent researches have focused on the health aspects of flavonoids for humans.Especially,different flavonoids have been investigated for their potential antiviral activities,and several natural flavonoids exhibited significant antiviral properties both in vitro and in vivo.This review provides a survey of the literature regarding the evidence for antiviral bioactivities of natural flavonoids,highlights the cellular and molecular mechanisms of natural flavonoids on viruses,and presents the details of most reported flavonoids.Meanwhile,future perspectives on therapeutic applications of flavonoids against viral infections were discussed.展开更多
Lentinula edodes?is a macrofungus with great potential for therapeutic applications and serves as a model for investigating functional fungi properties and isolating pure compounds for pharmaceutical use. Mushrooms ha...Lentinula edodes?is a macrofungus with great potential for therapeutic applications and serves as a model for investigating functional fungi properties and isolating pure compounds for pharmaceutical use. Mushrooms have a great nutritional value and present medicinal molecules including polysaccharides, terpenoids, sterols and lipids, that participate actively in several human disorders and modulate mechanisms involved in the immune system regulation. This review will focus on general nutritional compounds and pharmacological properties of L. edodes.展开更多
Base editor(BE)is a gene-editing tool developed by combining the CRISPR/Cas system with an individual deaminase,enabling precise single-base substitution in DNA or RNA without generating a DNA double-strand break(DSB)...Base editor(BE)is a gene-editing tool developed by combining the CRISPR/Cas system with an individual deaminase,enabling precise single-base substitution in DNA or RNA without generating a DNA double-strand break(DSB)or requiring donor DNA templates in living cells.Base editors offer more precise and secure genome-editing effects than other conventional artificial nuclease systems,such as CRISPR/Cas9,as the DSB induced by Cas9 will cause severe damage to the genome.Thus,base editors have important applications in the field of biomedicine,including gene function investigation,directed protein evolution,genetic lineage tracing,disease modeling,and gene therapy.Since the development of the two main base editors,cytosine base editors(CBEs)and adenine base editors(ABEs),scientists have developed more than 100 optimized base editors with improved editing efficiency,precision,specificity,targeting scope,and capacity to be delivered in vivo,greatly enhancing their application potential in biomedicine.Here,we review the recent development of base editors,summarize their applications in the biomedical field,and discuss future perspectives and challenges for therapeutic applications.展开更多
The recognition mechanism of artificial intelligence(AI)is an interesting topic in understanding AI neural networks and their application in therapeutics.A number of multilayered neural networks can recognize cancer t...The recognition mechanism of artificial intelligence(AI)is an interesting topic in understanding AI neural networks and their application in therapeutics.A number of multilayered neural networks can recognize cancer through deep learning.It would be interesting to think about whether human insights and AI attention are associated with each other or should be translated,which is one of the main points in this editorial.The automatic detection of cancer with computeraided diagnosis is being applied in the clinic and should be improved with feature mapping in neural networks.The subtypes and stages of cancer,in terms of progression and metastasis,should be classified with AI for optimized therapeutics.The determination of training and test data during learning and selection of appropriate AI models will be essential for therapeutic applications.展开更多
Artificial intelligence(AI)applications are growing in medicine.It is important to understand the current state of the AI applications prior to utilizing in disease research and treatment.In this review,AI application...Artificial intelligence(AI)applications are growing in medicine.It is important to understand the current state of the AI applications prior to utilizing in disease research and treatment.In this review,AI application in the diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal diseases are studied and summarized.In most cases,AI studies had large amounts of data,including images,to learn to distinguish disease characteristics according to a human’s perspectives.The detailed pros and cons of utilizing AI approaches should be investigated in advance to ensure the safe application of AI in medicine.Evidence suggests that the collaborative usage of AI in both diagnosis and treatment of diseases will increase the precision and effectiveness of medicine.Recent progress in genome technology such as genome editing provides a specific example where AI has revealed the diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities of RNA detection and targeting.展开更多
Extracellular vesicles(EVs)are nano-size vesicles secreted naturally by all cells into the extracellular space and have been recognized as important cell-cell mediators in multicel-lular organisms.EVs contain nucleic ...Extracellular vesicles(EVs)are nano-size vesicles secreted naturally by all cells into the extracellular space and have been recognized as important cell-cell mediators in multicel-lular organisms.EVs contain nucleic acids,proteins,lipids,and other cellular components,regulating many basic biological processes and playing an important role in regenerative med-icine and diseases.EVs can be traced to their cells of origin and exhibit a similar function.Moreover,EVs demonstrate low immunogenicity,good biocompatibility,and fewer side ef-fects,compared to their parent cells.Mesenchymal stem cells(MsCs)are one of the most important resource cells for EVs,with a great capacity for self-renewal and multipotent differ-entiation,and play an essential role in stem cell therapy.The mechanism of MsC therapy was thought to be attributed to the differentiation of MsCs after targeted migration,as previously noted.However,emerging evidence shows the previously unknown role of MsC-derived para-crine factors in stem cell therapy.Especially EVs derived from oral tissue MSCs(OMSC-EVs),show more advantages than those of all other MsCs in tissue repair and regeneration,due to their lower invasiveness and easier accessibility for sample collection.Here,we systematically review the biogenesis and biological characteristics of OMSC-EVs,as well as the role of OMsC-EVs in intercellular communication.Furthermore,we discuss the potential therapeutic roles of OMSC-EVs in oral and systemic diseases.We highlight the current challenges and future directions of OMSC-EVs to focus more attention on clinical translation.We aim to provide valuable insights for the explorative clinical application of OMSC-EVs.展开更多
The microbiome is an essential component of ecological systems and is comprised of a diverse array of microbes.Over the past decades,the accumulated observational evidence reveals a close correlation between the micro...The microbiome is an essential component of ecological systems and is comprised of a diverse array of microbes.Over the past decades,the accumulated observational evidence reveals a close correlation between the micro-biome and human health and disease.Many groups are now manipulating individual microbial strains,species and the community as a whole to gain a mechanistic understanding of the functions of the microbiome.Here,we discuss three major approaches for introducing DNA to engineer model bacteria and isolated undomesticated bacteria,including transformation,transduction,and conjugation.We provide an overview of these approaches and describe the advantages and limitations of each method.In addition,we highlight examples of human mi-crobiome engineering using these approaches.Finally,we provide perspectives for the future of microbiome engineering.展开更多
Triboelectric nanogenerators(TENGs)are considered as an ideal platform for power harvesting for living organisms,thanks to their unique characteristics like flexibility,conversion efficient,and manufacturing cost.Rece...Triboelectric nanogenerators(TENGs)are considered as an ideal platform for power harvesting for living organisms,thanks to their unique characteristics like flexibility,conversion efficient,and manufacturing cost.Recent advances in TENGs have brought innovative solutions for clinical healthcare.Particularly,TENGs offer novel solutions of continues power supply for wearable and implantable medical devices with lightweight,thinness,good biocompatibility,and excellent soft tissue conformability.In this review,we discuss(1)The working principle and representative structure of TENGs,(2)the material selection of TENGs,(3)the recent progression of application of TENG in the medical field of cardiovascular system,nervous system,respiratory system,microbial inactivation,antibiofouling,disinfection,and tissue repair,(4)challenges and future perspectives of TENG-based medical devices.The emerging TENGs and their applications in medicine cannot simply be seen as an alternative to conventional power supplies,it provides a revolutionary solution for wearable and implantable medical devices,and they will surely change the paradigm of disease diagnosis and treatment in the future.展开更多
基金support of the Research Center for Advanced Materials Science(RCAMS)at King Khalid University Abha,Saudi Arabia,through Grant(KKU/RCAMS/22).
文摘The cytokine channel’s mechanism for self-regulation involves the application of antagonistic cytokines that are synthesized to connect to the receptors and release soluble cytokine receptors.The very first receptor antagonist of cytokine that was naturally present was interleukin-1 receptor antagonist(IL-1Ra).The IL-1Ra protein forms are disinfected from supernatants of cultured monocytes on stacked IgG.The family of IL-1 consists of IL-1α,IL-1βand IL-1Ra.Human monocytes regulate the production of IL-Ra.IL-Ra takes part in normal physiological functions by using specific antibodies,and acts as an anti-inflammatory agent.IL-Ra is synthesized in the tissues during the period of active disease and can be systematically measured and/or estimated.Maintenance of the levels of IL-Ra and IL-1 is the main factor for host resistance in patients during diseased conditions,as IL-Ra acts as an inherent regulator of various inflammatory responses.In this article,we focuse on how IL-Ra is synthesized and performs its functions once the inflammatory responses are activated.
基金Supported by Pasteur Institute of Iran and Iran National Science Foundation(Grant No.93011174)
文摘Non-invasive therapeutic methods have recently been used in medical sciences. Enzymes have shown high activity at very low concentrations in laboratories and pharmaceutical,enabling them to play crucial roles in different biological phenomena related to living organism, especially human medicine. Recently, using the therapeutic methods based on non-invasive approaches has been emphasized in medical society. Researchers have focused on producing medicines and tools reducing invasive procedures in medical.Collagenases are proteins which catalyze chemical processes and break the peptide bonds in collagen. Collagen may be generated more than the required amount or produced in unsuitable sites or may not degrade after a certain time. In such cases, using an injectable collagenase or its ointment can be helpful in collagen degradation. In both in vitro and in vivo tests, it has been revealed that collagenases have several therapeutic properties in wound healing, burns, nipple pain and some diseases including intervertebral disc herniation, keloid, cellulite, lipoma among others. This review describes the therapeutic application of collagenase in medical sciences and the process for its production using novel methods, paving the way for more effective and safe applications of collagenases.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant no.81670444)the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(CAMS)Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(CIFMS)(grant no.2020-I2M-C&T-A-004).
文摘Fibrosis is a condition in which connective tissue replaces normal parenchymal tissue,resulting in significant tissue remodeling.Fibrosis can affect several organs and pose a serious threat to human health and life.Adiposederived stem cells(ASCs)have been suggested as promising candidates for antifibrotic therapies.Paracrine secretion is one of the key processes in stem cell therapy due to its critical function in cellular communication.ASC-derived exosomes(ASC-exos)are used as tools for restoring and regenerating damaged tissue,and they are now thought to orchestrate antifibrosis-related events.In this review,we summarize the recent findings and present an extensive view of the therapeutic applications of ASC-exos in fibrotic diseases.
基金This work is supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Project ID.2018YFC1312703)CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(2016-I2M-1-006)+2 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(81630014,81700374,81825002,91749107)Beijing Outstanding Young Scientist Program(BJJWZYJH01201910023029)Interdisciplinary Medicine Seed Fund of Peking University(BMU2020MX021).
文摘Microbial ecosystem comprises a complex community in which bacteria interact with each other. The potential roles of the intestinal microbiome play in human health have gained considerable attention. The imbalance of gut microbial community has been looked to multiple chronic diseases. Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are leading causes of morbidity worldwide and are influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Recent advances have provided scientific evidence that CVD may also be attributed to gut microbiome. In this review, we highlight the complex interplay between microbes, their metabolites, and the potential influence on the generation and development of CVDs. The therapeutic potential of using intestinal microbiomes to treat CVD is also discussed. It is quite possible that gut microbes may be used for clinical treatments of CVD in the near future.
文摘Hirudotherapy has a broad spectrum of therapeutic application in the medical field ranging from cardiology,gynaecology,ophthalmology,plastic and reconstructive surgeries.In medieval and early modern medicine,leeches were used to remove blood from patients in an attempt to balance the biological humours.Leeches are widely used to treat venous congestion in microvascular replantation,free and conventional flap surgery and traumatology.Recently,Food and Drug Administration has approved the usage of live leeches as medical device for therapeutic applications.Presently,some of the leech species have declined dramatically in its population due to the over utilization of leech for medicinal purposes and also due to pollution in several parts of the world particularly in European and Asian countries.This review presents an overview of leech including the history,biology,classification,and its application as medical device.Further,it also covers the controversies and misconception related to leech species identification and complications of post hirudotherapy.
基金This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Nos.2019YFA0904200 and 2019YFA0906100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32171464)Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Program(JCYJ20180504165501371).
文摘Unnatural amino acids(UAAs)have gained significant attention in protein engineering and drug development owing to their ability to introduce new chemical functionalities to proteins.In eukaryotes,genetic code expansion(GCE)enables the incorporation of UAAs and facilitates posttranscriptional modification(PTM),which is not feasible in prokaryotic systems.GCE is also a powerful tool for cell or animal imaging,the monitoring of protein interactions in target cells,drug development,and switch regulation.Therefore,there is keen interest in utilizing GCE in eukaryotic systems.This review provides an overview of the application of GCE in eukaryotic systems and discusses current challenges that need to be addressed.
基金supported by CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(Grant No.2017-I2M-1-010)National Key Research and Development Program(Grant No.2018YFC0311005)National Science and Technology Major Projects(Grant No.2018ZX09711001-012).
文摘Flavonoids are now considered as an indispensable component in a variety of nutraceutical and pharmaceutical applications.Most recent researches have focused on the health aspects of flavonoids for humans.Especially,different flavonoids have been investigated for their potential antiviral activities,and several natural flavonoids exhibited significant antiviral properties both in vitro and in vivo.This review provides a survey of the literature regarding the evidence for antiviral bioactivities of natural flavonoids,highlights the cellular and molecular mechanisms of natural flavonoids on viruses,and presents the details of most reported flavonoids.Meanwhile,future perspectives on therapeutic applications of flavonoids against viral infections were discussed.
基金supported by a grant from Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) and Fundacao de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul(FAPERGS).
文摘Lentinula edodes?is a macrofungus with great potential for therapeutic applications and serves as a model for investigating functional fungi properties and isolating pure compounds for pharmaceutical use. Mushrooms have a great nutritional value and present medicinal molecules including polysaccharides, terpenoids, sterols and lipids, that participate actively in several human disorders and modulate mechanisms involved in the immune system regulation. This review will focus on general nutritional compounds and pharmacological properties of L. edodes.
基金financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32100410)National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFA1105403)+4 种基金Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou(Nos.202201010409 and 2023A04J0732)Major Science and Technology Project of Hainan Province(No.ZDKJ2021030)2020 Research Program of Sanya Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City(No.202002011)Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province,China(Nos.2020B1212060052 and 2021B1212040016)Research Unit of Generation of Large Animal Disease Models,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(No.2019-I2M-5-025).
文摘Base editor(BE)is a gene-editing tool developed by combining the CRISPR/Cas system with an individual deaminase,enabling precise single-base substitution in DNA or RNA without generating a DNA double-strand break(DSB)or requiring donor DNA templates in living cells.Base editors offer more precise and secure genome-editing effects than other conventional artificial nuclease systems,such as CRISPR/Cas9,as the DSB induced by Cas9 will cause severe damage to the genome.Thus,base editors have important applications in the field of biomedicine,including gene function investigation,directed protein evolution,genetic lineage tracing,disease modeling,and gene therapy.Since the development of the two main base editors,cytosine base editors(CBEs)and adenine base editors(ABEs),scientists have developed more than 100 optimized base editors with improved editing efficiency,precision,specificity,targeting scope,and capacity to be delivered in vivo,greatly enhancing their application potential in biomedicine.Here,we review the recent development of base editors,summarize their applications in the biomedical field,and discuss future perspectives and challenges for therapeutic applications.
基金Supported by Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development(AMED),No.JP20ak0101093.
文摘The recognition mechanism of artificial intelligence(AI)is an interesting topic in understanding AI neural networks and their application in therapeutics.A number of multilayered neural networks can recognize cancer through deep learning.It would be interesting to think about whether human insights and AI attention are associated with each other or should be translated,which is one of the main points in this editorial.The automatic detection of cancer with computeraided diagnosis is being applied in the clinic and should be improved with feature mapping in neural networks.The subtypes and stages of cancer,in terms of progression and metastasis,should be classified with AI for optimized therapeutics.The determination of training and test data during learning and selection of appropriate AI models will be essential for therapeutic applications.
基金Supported by Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development(AMED),No.JP20ak0101093.
文摘Artificial intelligence(AI)applications are growing in medicine.It is important to understand the current state of the AI applications prior to utilizing in disease research and treatment.In this review,AI application in the diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal diseases are studied and summarized.In most cases,AI studies had large amounts of data,including images,to learn to distinguish disease characteristics according to a human’s perspectives.The detailed pros and cons of utilizing AI approaches should be investigated in advance to ensure the safe application of AI in medicine.Evidence suggests that the collaborative usage of AI in both diagnosis and treatment of diseases will increase the precision and effectiveness of medicine.Recent progress in genome technology such as genome editing provides a specific example where AI has revealed the diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities of RNA detection and targeting.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFC2504200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82270960)the Science&Technology Development Talent Project of Jilin Financial Department,Jilin,China(No.JCSZ2021893-35)to AZ.
文摘Extracellular vesicles(EVs)are nano-size vesicles secreted naturally by all cells into the extracellular space and have been recognized as important cell-cell mediators in multicel-lular organisms.EVs contain nucleic acids,proteins,lipids,and other cellular components,regulating many basic biological processes and playing an important role in regenerative med-icine and diseases.EVs can be traced to their cells of origin and exhibit a similar function.Moreover,EVs demonstrate low immunogenicity,good biocompatibility,and fewer side ef-fects,compared to their parent cells.Mesenchymal stem cells(MsCs)are one of the most important resource cells for EVs,with a great capacity for self-renewal and multipotent differ-entiation,and play an essential role in stem cell therapy.The mechanism of MsC therapy was thought to be attributed to the differentiation of MsCs after targeted migration,as previously noted.However,emerging evidence shows the previously unknown role of MsC-derived para-crine factors in stem cell therapy.Especially EVs derived from oral tissue MSCs(OMSC-EVs),show more advantages than those of all other MsCs in tissue repair and regeneration,due to their lower invasiveness and easier accessibility for sample collection.Here,we systematically review the biogenesis and biological characteristics of OMSC-EVs,as well as the role of OMsC-EVs in intercellular communication.Furthermore,we discuss the potential therapeutic roles of OMSC-EVs in oral and systemic diseases.We highlight the current challenges and future directions of OMSC-EVs to focus more attention on clinical translation.We aim to provide valuable insights for the explorative clinical application of OMSC-EVs.
基金supported by the National Institutes of Health U01 CA265719(to Y.D.and A.Z.)A.Z.is further supported by R01 EB030134 and received institutional support from NIH P30 DK120515,P30 DK063491,P30 CA014195,P50 AA011999 and UL1 TR001442N.S.is a Biolegend Fellow and is supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program under Grant No.1000340660。
文摘The microbiome is an essential component of ecological systems and is comprised of a diverse array of microbes.Over the past decades,the accumulated observational evidence reveals a close correlation between the micro-biome and human health and disease.Many groups are now manipulating individual microbial strains,species and the community as a whole to gain a mechanistic understanding of the functions of the microbiome.Here,we discuss three major approaches for introducing DNA to engineer model bacteria and isolated undomesticated bacteria,including transformation,transduction,and conjugation.We provide an overview of these approaches and describe the advantages and limitations of each method.In addition,we highlight examples of human mi-crobiome engineering using these approaches.Finally,we provide perspectives for the future of microbiome engineering.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82001982 to Q.Z.)The Science and Technology Fund of Guizhou Provincial Health Commission(gzwkj2022-444 to X.Z.)+4 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2021M700974 to S.Z.)Guizhou Provincial Natural Science Foundation(ZK[2021]475 to S.Z.)Natural Science Foundation of Education Department of Guizhou Province(KY[2021]176 to S.Z.)Science Foundation of Guizhou Medical University(J[2020]022 and 20NSP057 to S.Z.)College Students Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program of Guizhou Province(S202110660052 and S202210660029 to S.Z.).
文摘Triboelectric nanogenerators(TENGs)are considered as an ideal platform for power harvesting for living organisms,thanks to their unique characteristics like flexibility,conversion efficient,and manufacturing cost.Recent advances in TENGs have brought innovative solutions for clinical healthcare.Particularly,TENGs offer novel solutions of continues power supply for wearable and implantable medical devices with lightweight,thinness,good biocompatibility,and excellent soft tissue conformability.In this review,we discuss(1)The working principle and representative structure of TENGs,(2)the material selection of TENGs,(3)the recent progression of application of TENG in the medical field of cardiovascular system,nervous system,respiratory system,microbial inactivation,antibiofouling,disinfection,and tissue repair,(4)challenges and future perspectives of TENG-based medical devices.The emerging TENGs and their applications in medicine cannot simply be seen as an alternative to conventional power supplies,it provides a revolutionary solution for wearable and implantable medical devices,and they will surely change the paradigm of disease diagnosis and treatment in the future.