Regeneration of the heart:f rom molecular mechanisms to clinical therapeutics

Heart injury such as myocardial infarction leads to cardiomyocyte loss,fibrotic tissue deposition,and scar formation.These changes reduce cardiac contractility,resulting in heart failure,which causes a huge public health burden.Military personnel,compared with civilians,is exposed to more stress,a risk factor for heart diseases,making cardiovascular health management and treatment innovation an important topic for military medicine.So far,medical intervention can slow down cardiovascular disease progression,but not yet induce heart regeneration.In the past decades,studies have focused on mechanisms underlying the regenerative capability of the heart and applicable approaches to reverse heart injury.Insights have emerged from studies in animal models and early clinical trials.Clinical interventions show the potential to reduce scar formation and enhance cardiomyocyte proliferation that counteracts the pathogenesis of heart disease.In this review,we discuss the signaling events controlling the regeneration of heart tissue and summarize current therapeutic approaches to promote heart regeneration after injury.

Advances in Zika virus vaccines and therapeutics:A systematic review

Zika virus(ZIKV)is the causative agent of a viral infection that causes neurological complications in newborns and adults worldwide.Its wide transmission route and alarming spread rates are of great concern to the scientific community.Numerous trials have been conducted to develop treatment options for ZIKV infection.This review highlights the latest developments in the fields of vaccinology and pharmaceuticals developments for ZIKV infection.A systematic and comprehensive approach was used to gather relevant and up-to-date data so that inferences could be made about the gaps in therapeutic development.The results indicate that several therapeutic interventions are being tested against ZIKV infection,such as DNA vaccines,subunit vaccines,live-attenuated vaccines,virus-vector-based vaccines,inactivated vaccines,virus-like particles,and mRNA-based vaccines.In addition,approved anti-ZIKV drugs that can reduce the global burden are discussed.Although many vaccine candidates for ZIKV are at different stages of development,none of them have received Food and Drug Authority approval for use up to now.The issue of side effects associated with these drugs in vulnerable newborns and pregnant women is a major obstacle in the therapeutic pathway.

DTX3L在结直肠癌中的表达及其对结直肠癌细胞耐药性的影响

目的:分析DTX3L蛋白在结直肠癌(colorectal cancer,CRC)中的表达及其对结直肠癌细胞耐药性的影响。方法:收集南通大学附属医院结直肠癌组织及配对的癌旁正常结肠组织病理标本330例,采用免疫组织化学染色检测癌组织及其癌旁正常结肠组织中DTX3L表达水平,分析DTX3L表达水平与患者临床病理特征之间的关系。绘制Kaplan-Meier生存曲线分析DTX3L表达与患者预后的关系。以慢病毒转染构建DTX3L敲低的人结肠癌细胞系(CACO-2),将倍数稀释的奥沙利铂加入DTX3L敲低组和NC组CACO-2细胞中,CCK8法检测奥沙利铂对两组细胞的半抑制浓度(IC50)。结果:结直肠癌组织中DTX3L表达水平显著高于癌旁正常结肠组织,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。DTX3L表达水平与患者肿瘤T分期、N分期、pTNM分期有关(P<0.05)。DTX3L高表达组患者中位生存时间(median survival time,MST)45.5个月,小于DTX3L低表达组的55.2个月,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后接受奥沙利铂化疗患者中DTX3L高表达与不良预后相关(HR=1.81,95%CI:1.05~3.11,P<0.05)。细胞实验结果显示,DTX3L敲低组奥沙利铂IC50为8.14 mg/mL,小于NC组的13.36 mg/mL。结论:结直肠癌患者癌组织中DTX3L表达上调与不良预后相关,敲低DTX3L可增加CRC细胞对奥沙利铂的敏感性,DTX3L可能成为CRC患者的预后指标和分子治疗的新靶点。

Perspectives for delivery of therapeutics by extravasation of biodegradable microspheres in the brain

Development of therapeutics for brain diseases has remained challenging,in particular due to the difficulty of passing the blood-brain barrier.As a result,the current arsenal of therapeutics targeting the brain is limited to small,lipid-soluble drugs and there is a lack of options for treating neuroblastomas,Alzheimer’s disease,and many other devastating pathologies.Despite the advances in strategies for crossing the blood-brain barrier such as the use of nanoparticles(Hersh et al.,2022;Duan et al.,2023),such delivery systems have not yet reached clinical practice.Therefore,novel platforms for the transport of therapeutics across the blood-brain barrier remain highly desired.This specifically holds for large molecules such as monoclonal antibodies and recombinant proteins,as well as nucleotide-based therapeutics and cell therapies.Research efforts in this field are increasing exponentially,with thousands of publications in the last few years.

Overview of the expert consensus on the digital therapeutics in addictiverelated disorders

Background Addictive disorders have gained worldwide attention.The Chinese Association of Drug Abuse Prevention and Treatment,along with the consensus panel on digital therapeutics(DTx)for addictive disorders,has published an expert consensus on DTx for addictive disorders.1 This consensus discusses and summarises the current research and application status of DTx for addictive disorders.It identifies its clinical value,application directions,research and development principles,and future prospects.As the consensus is published in Chinese,it may not be easily accessible to an international audience.To address this,we present here an overview of the expert consensus on DTx for addictive disorders in China.The recommendations from the consensus are summarised in table 1.

Modulatory role of plant-derived metabolites on host-microbiota interactions:personalized therapeutics outlook

A diverse array of microbes in and on the human body constitute the microbiota.These micro-residents continuously interact with the human host through the language of metabolites to dictate the host’s physiology in health and illnesses.Any biotic and abiotic component ensuring a balanced host-microbiota interaction are potential microbiome therapeutic agents to overcome human diseases.Plant metabolites are continually being used to treat various illnesses.These metabolites target the host’s metabolic machinery and host-gut microbiota interactions to overcome human diseases.Despite the paramount therapeutic significance of the factors affecting host-microbiota interactions,a comprehensive overview of the modulatory role of plant-derived metabolites in host-microbiota interactions is lacking.The current review puts an effort into comprehending the role of medicinal plants in gut microbiota modulation to mitigate various human illnesses.It would develop a holistic understanding of hostmicrobiota interactions and the role of effectors in health and diseases.

Application of mesenchymal stem cell therapy for premature ovarian insufficiency: Recent advances from mechanisms to therapeutics

The incidence of premature ovarian insufficiency(POI)is increasing worldwide,particularly among younger women,posing a significant challenge to fertility.In addition to menopausal symptoms,POI leads to several complications that profoundly affect female reproductive function and overall health.Unfortunately,current clinical treatment strategies for this condition are limited and often yield unsatisfactory outcomes.These approaches typically involve hormone repla-cement therapy combined with psychological support.Recently,mesenchymal stem cell(MSC)therapies for POI have garnered considerable attention in global research.MSCs can restore ovarian reproductive and endocrine functions through diverse mechanisms,including controlling differentiation,promoting angiogenesis,regulating ovarian fibrosis,inhibiting apoptosis,enhancing autocrine and paracrine effects,suppressing inflammation,modulating the immune system,and genetic regulation.This editorial offers a succinct summary of the application of MSC therapy in the context of POI,providing evidence for groundbreaking medical approaches that have potential to enhance reproductive health and overall well-being for women.

Basic regulatory science behind drug substance and drug product specifications of monoclonal antibodies and other protein therapeutics

In this review,we focus on providing basics and examples for each component of the protein therapeutic specifications to interested pharmacists and biopharmaceutical scientists with a goal to strengthen understanding in regulatory science and compliance.Pharmaceutical specifications comprise a list of important quality attributes for testing,references to use for test procedures,and appropriate acceptance criteria for the tests,and they are set up to ensure that when a drug product is administered to a patient,its intended therapeutic benefits and safety can be rendered appropriately.Conformance of drug substance or drug product to the specifications is achieved by testing an article according to the listed tests and analytical methods and obtaining test results that meet the acceptance criteria.Quality attributes are chosen to be tested based on their quality risk,and consideration should be given to the merit of the analytical methods which are associated with the acceptance criteria of the specifications.Acceptance criteria are set forth primarily based on efficacy and safety profiles,with an increasing attention noted for patient-centric specifications.Discussed in this work are related guidelines that support the biopharmaceutical specification setting,how to set the acceptance criteria,and examples of the quality attributes and the analytical methods from 60 articles and 23 pharmacopeial monographs.Outlooks are also explored on process analytical technologies and other orthogonal tools which are on-trend in biopharmaceutical characterization and quality control.

Beyond the gluten-free diet:Innovations in celiac disease therapeutics

Celiac disease(CD)is an autoimmune disorder exacerbated by the ingestion of gluten in genetically susceptible individuals,leading to intestinal inflammation and damage.This chronic disease affects approximately 1%of the world’s po-pulation and is a growing health challenge due to its increasing prevalence.The development of CD is a complex interaction between genetic predispositions and environmental factors,especially gluten,culminating in a dysregulated immune response.The only effective treatment at present is a strict,lifelong gluten-free diet.However,adherence to this diet is challenging and often incomplete,so research into alternative therapies has intensified.Recent advances in under-standing the molecular and immunological aspects of CD have spearheaded the development of novel pharmacologic strategies that should provide more effec-tive and manageable treatment options.This review examines the latest inno-vations in CD therapies.The focus is on drugs in advanced clinical phases and targeting specific signaling pathways critical to the disease pathogenesis.We dis-cuss both quantitative strategies such as enzymatic degradation of gluten,and qualitative approaches including immunomodulation and induction of gluten tolerance.Innovative treatments currently under investigation include transglu-taminase inhibitors,which prevent the modification of gluten peptides,and nano-particle-based therapies to recalibrate the immune response.These new therapies not only promise to improve patient outcomes but are also expected to improve quality of life by reducing the burden of dietary restrictions.The integration of these new therapies could revolutionize the treatment of CD and shift the para-digm from strict dietary restrictions to a more flexible and patient-friendly thera-peutic approach.This review provides a comprehensive overview of the future prospects of CD treatment and emphasizes the importance of continued research and multidisciplinary collab-oration to integrate these advances into standard clinical practice.

Gene signatures to therapeutics:Assessing the potential of ivermectin against t(4;14)multiple myeloma

BACKGROUND Multiple myeloma(MM)is a terminal differentiated B-cell tumor disease characterized by clonal proliferation of malignant plasma cells and excessive levels of monoclonal immunoglobulins in the bone marrow.The translocation,(t)(4;14),results in high-risk MM with limited treatment alternatives.Thus,there is an urgent need for identification and validation of potential treatments for this MM subtype.Microarray data and sequencing information from public databases could offer opportunities for the discovery of new diagnostic or therapeutic targets.AIM To elucidate the molecular basis and search for potential effective drugs of t(4;14)MM subtype by employing a comprehensive approach.METHODS The transcriptional signature of t(4;14)MM was sourced from the Gene Expression Omnibus.Two datasets,GSE16558 and GSE116294,which included 17 and 15 t(4;14)MM bone marrow samples,and five and four normal bone marrow samples,respectively.After the differentially expressed genes were identified,the Cytohubba tool was used to screen for hub genes.Then,the hub genes were analyzed using Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis.Using the STRING database and Cytoscape,protein–protein interaction networks and core targets were identified.Potential small-molecule drugs were identified and validated using the Connectivity Map database and molecular docking analysis,respectively.RESULTS In this study,a total of 258 differentially expressed genes with enriched functions in cancer pathways,namely cytokine receptor interactions,nuclear factor(NF)-κB signaling pathway,lipid metabolism,atherosclerosis,and Hippo signaling pathway,were identified.Ten hub genes(cd45,vcam1,ccl3,cd56,app,cd48,btk,ccr2,cybb,and cxcl12)were identified.Nine drugs,including ivermectin,deforolimus,and isoliquiritigenin,were predicted by the Connectivity Map database to have potential therapeutic effects on t(4;14)MM.In molecular docking,ivermectin showed strong binding affinity to all 10 identified targets,especially cd45 and cybb.Ivermectin inhibited t(4;14)MM cell growth via the NF-κB pathway and induced MM cell apoptosis in vitro.Furthermore,ivermectin increased reactive oxygen species accumulation and altered the mitochondrial membrane potential in t(4;14)MM cells.CONCLUSION Collectively,the findings offer valuable molecular insights for biomarker validation and potential drug development in t(4;14)MM diagnosis and treatment,with ivermectin emerging as a potential therapeutic alternative.

DTX2通过Notch2/Akt轴促进结直肠癌细胞的迁移和侵袭

目的探讨DTX2对结直肠癌(CRC)细胞迁移侵袭的影响及作用机制。方法利用基因工具干预CRC细胞,分为敲低组(DTX2-shRNA)、敲低空载组(neg-shRNA)、未转染组(con)、过表达空载组(pcDNA)及过表达组(pcDNA-DTX2),利用qRTPCR及Western blotting法检测转染效率。采用划痕和Transwell侵袭实验检测DTX2基因的表达改变对CRC细胞迁移侵袭能力的影响,并通过Western blotting检测各组中Notch2、NICD、Akt、p-AKT、MMP-2及MMP-9蛋白的表达水平。CRC细胞共转染pcDNA-DTX2和Notch2 siRNA,检测回复实验对CRC细胞迁移侵袭能力的影响。结果CRC细胞中DTX2 mRNA和蛋白表达量,敲低组中明显降低(P<0.01),过表达组中明显升高(P<0.01)。划痕和Transwell侵袭实验提示,CRC细胞迁移侵袭能力,DTX2 shRNA显著低于con和neg-shRNA(P<0.01);pcDNA-DTX2显著高于con和pcDNA(P<0.01)。Western blotting检测提示,Notch2、NICD、p-Akt及MMP-2蛋白平均表达水平,与con和neg-shRNA相比,DTX2 shRNA明显降低(P<0.05);与con和pcDNA相比,pcDNA-DTX2明显升高(P<0.05),而这些蛋白在con、neg-shRNA及pcDNA间的平均表达水平无明显差异(P>0.05)。回复实验提示,siRNA-Notch2可扭转pcDNA-DTX2增强的CRC细胞迁移侵袭的能力(P<0.01),相应蛋白水平的变化也具有统计学意义。结论DTX2通过Notch2/Akt轴促进CRC细胞迁移侵袭的能力,DTX2可能成为CRC的新型生物学指标。

Toward Data-Driven Digital Therapeutics Analytics:Literature Review and Research Directions

With the advent of digital therapeutics(DTx),the development of software as a medical device(SaMD)for mobile and wearable devices has gained significant attention in recent years.Existing DTx evaluations,such as randomized clinical trials,mostly focus on verifying the effectiveness of DTx products.To acquire a deeper understanding of DTx engagement and behavioral adherence,beyond efficacy,a large amount of contextual and interaction data from mobile and wearable devices during field deployment would be required for analysis.In this work,the overall flow of the data-driven DTx analytics is reviewed to help researchers and practitioners to explore DTx datasets,to investigate contextual patterns associated with DTx usage,and to establish the(causal)relationship between DTx engagement and behavioral adherence.This review of the key components of datadriven analytics provides novel research directions in the analysis of mobile sensor and interaction datasets,which helps to iteratively improve the receptivity of existing DTx.

Role of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis and therapeutics of minimal hepatic encephalopathy via the gut-liver-brain axis

Minimal hepatic encephalopathy(MHE) is a frequent neurological and psychiatric complication of liver cirrhosis. The precise pathogenesis of MHE is complicated and has yet to be fully elucidated. Studies in cirrhotic patients and experimental animals with MHE have indicated that gut microbiota dysbiosis induces systemic inflammation, hyperammonemia, and endotoxemia, subsequently leading to neuroinflammation in the brain via the gut-liver-brain axis. Related mechanisms initiated by gut microbiota dysbiosis have significant roles in MHE pathogenesis. The currently available therapeutic strategies for MHE in clinical practice, including lactulose, rifaximin, probiotics, synbiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation, exert their effects mainly by modulating gut microbiota dysbiosis. Microbiome therapies for MHE have shown promised efficacy and safety;however, several controversies and challenges regarding their clinical use deserve to be intensively discussed. We have summarized the latest research findings concerning the roles of gut microbiota dysbiosis in the pathogenesis of MHE via the gut-liver-brain axis as well as the potential mechanisms by which microbiome therapies regulate gut microbiota dysbiosis in MHE patients.

Clinical Characteristics,Diagnosis,and Therapeutics of COVID-19:A Review

The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)that suddenly emerged at the end of December 2019 and caused coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)continues to afflict humanity,not only seriously affecting healthcare systems but also leading to global social and economic imbalances.As of August 2022,there were approximately 580 million confirmed cases of COVID-19 and approximately 6.4 million confirmed deaths due to this disease.The data are sufficient to highlight the seriousness of SARS-CoV-2 infection.Although most patients with COVID-19 present primarily with respiratory symptoms,an increasing number of extrapulmonary systemic symptoms and manifestations have been associated with COVID-19.Since the outbreak of COVID-19,much has been learned about the disease and its causative agent.Therefore,great effort has been aimed at developing treatments and drug interventions to treat and reduce the incidence of COVID-19.In this narrative review,we provide a brief overview of the epidemiology,mechanisms,clinical manifestations,diagnosis,and therapeutics of COVID-19.

人工肝治疗的临床实践与研究进展

人工肝支持系统是治疗肝衰竭的重要方法之一,近年来非生物型人工肝在肝衰竭救治中的作用越来越受到认可,在非肝衰竭疾病中的应用也日益广泛。临床上需要综合多种因素,合理选择非生物型人工肝治疗的时机及模式,规范化、个体化、精准化治疗及不同模式的优化组合是人工肝临床应用的趋势。生物型人工肝有关种子细胞来源、生物反应器等关键技术不断完善,且部分已经进入临床试验阶段。尽管人工肝治疗的临床实践与研究已取得很大进展,但仍面临不少挑战。如何通过技术创新与优化组合进一步提高其疗效与安全性,如何通过高质量的临床试验获得更高级别循证医学证据,仍是目前亟需解决的难题。

CCT2在卵巢癌中的表达及其对卵巢癌细胞生物学功能的影响

目的:探究CCT2在卵巢癌中的表达及对卵巢癌细胞生物学功能的影响。方法:通过TCGA和GTEx数据库分析在卵巢癌组织及正常卵巢组织样本中CCT2的表达差异;通过ICGC数据库分析并评价CCT2表达水平与患者预后的关系。免疫组化实验验证CCT2在卵巢癌组织及癌旁正常组织的表达差异。使用Western Blot实验对比正常卵巢细胞和卵巢癌细胞系CCT2表达水平。通过转染siRNA和质粒的方式构建CCT2沉默和CCT2过表达模型,并使用qPCR和Western Blot验证。利用CCK8及平板克隆方法检测CCT2对卵巢癌细胞增殖能力的影响,同时应用Western Blot验证细胞增殖相关蛋白(Ki67、PCNA)以及EMT相关蛋白(E-cadherin、N-cadherin、Vitmentin)表达水平。使用Transwell法明确CCT2对卵巢癌细胞转移和侵袭能力的影响。并进一步通过裸鼠体内成瘤实验观察CCT2对肿瘤生长的影响。结果:CCT2在卵巢癌组织中高表达且与患者预后负相关。沉默CCT2可显著抑制卵巢癌细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭能力,反之亦然。体内成瘤实验结果证实CCT2沉默可有效减慢肿瘤生长速度。结论:CCT2在卵巢癌组织中高表达,可作为患者预后不良的分子标志物,可通过促进细胞增殖转移促进卵巢癌的进展。

兰索拉唑与雷贝拉唑治疗食管癌术后反流性食管炎的疗效比较

目的比较兰索拉唑与雷贝拉唑对食管癌术后反流性食管炎患者的治疗效果。方法收集2019年8月—2023年10月绵阳市中心医院心胸外科诊治食管癌术后反流性食管炎患者202例,按照随机数字表法分为研究组101例和对照组101例。对照组术后常规支持治疗及雷贝拉唑钠肠溶胶囊口服,研究组常规支持治疗及兰索拉唑胶囊口服。比较2组患者术后、治疗4周后消化功能相关指标(Gas、MTL、CGRP)及血清炎性相关指标(IL-4、IL-6、IL-17、IL-23)水平变化及药物不良反应,并比较治疗4周后的临床疗效。结果治疗4周后2组总有效率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗4周后,研究组Gas及MTL均高于对照组,CGRP低于对照组(t/P=9.550/<0.001,7.735/<0.001,12.398/<0.001);血清IL-6、IL-17及IL-23水平均低于对照组,IL-4高于对照组(t/P=13.039/<0.001,22.533/<0.001,7.635/<0.001,7.682/<0.001)。2组患者治疗过程中总不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论兰索拉唑及雷贝拉唑均能显著缓解食管癌术后反流性食管炎患者的症状,其中兰索拉唑能更好地改善患者消化功能、降低炎性反应水平,具有更广阔的临床应用前景。

二维超声联合剪切波弹性成像在老年肌少症诊断及疗效预测中的临床价值

目的探讨二维超声联合剪切波弹性成像在老年肌少症诊断及疗效预测中的临床应用价值。方法选取我院收治的84例老年肌少症患者(观察组)和同期42例健康老年人(对照组),两组均行二维超声和剪切波弹性成像检查,比较两组肌肉厚度、羽状角、肌束长度及收缩状态下腓肠肌杨氏模量平均值(以下简称杨氏模量值)的差异。观察组患者行常规药物治疗和弹力带训练,记录其治疗后总有效率,比较入院时与干预1、3、6个月后握力、四肢骨骼肌指数(ASMI)、简易躯体能力测试表(SPPB)评分的差异。绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析二维超声和剪切波弹性成像参数单独及联合应用对老年肌少症诊断和疗效预测的效能。结果观察组肌肉厚度、羽状角、肌束长度及杨氏模量值均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。观察组患者治疗后总有效率86.90%(73/84);干预1、3、6个月后握力、ASMI、SPPB评分均高于入院时,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.001)。ROC曲线分析显示,肌肉厚度、羽状角、肌束长度、杨氏模量值诊断老年肌少症的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.775、0.716、0.621、0.749,各参数联合应用的AUC为0.911,高于其单独应用,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);肌肉厚度、羽状角、肌束长度、杨氏模量值预测老年肌少症疗效的AUC分别为0.805、0.846、0.785、0.775,各参数联合应用的AUC为0.889,高于单独应用,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论二维超声联合剪切波弹性成像在老年肌少症诊断及疗效预测中均有较好的临床应用价值,可为临床评估提供参考。

8种抗精神病药、13种抗抑郁药及9种活性代谢物在人血清中的稳定性研究

目的研究8种抗精神病药(阿立哌唑、氨磺必利、奥氮平、喹硫平、利培酮、帕利哌酮、氯氮平、氯丙嗪)、13种抗抑郁药(阿米替林、安非他酮、度洛西汀、多虑平、氟伏沙明、氟西汀、氯米帕明、米氮平、帕罗西汀、曲唑酮、舍曲林、文拉法辛、西酞普兰)及9种活性代谢物(脱氢阿立哌唑、脱烷基喹硫平、去甲氯氮平、去甲替林、羟安非他酮、去甲多虑平、去甲氟西汀、去甲氯米帕明、O-去甲文拉法辛)在人血清中的稳定性,为这些药物在实施治疗药物监测过程中的样本传输、检测、存储条件的确定以及质控血清、标准曲线校准血清保存条件和保存期限的确定提供参考数据。方法以混合健康人血清为基质配制质控血清,进行稳定性考察,分别考察目标药物及活性代谢产物在室温(12 h、24 h、72 h)、2~8℃冷藏(2 d、5 d、7 d)、-80℃超低温(14个月)保存及3次反复冻融的稳定性。采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法检测被分析物的血清浓度。结果安非他酮在室温、2~8℃冷藏保存条件下质控血清测得浓度的负偏倚>40%,但在-80℃超低温保存14个月及3次反复冻融条件下测得浓度的偏倚均在±15%内。其他药物及代谢物在各考察条件下测得浓度的偏倚均在±15%内。但在室温条件下,随着放置时间延长,脱烷基喹硫平、度洛西汀、氟伏沙明、舍曲林、氟西汀、去甲氟西汀、去甲替林、阿米替林、氯丙嗪、氯米帕明及去甲氯米帕明测得浓度的负偏倚逐渐增加。结论在人血清基质中,安非他酮在室温和2~8℃冷藏的条件下不稳定。其余8种抗精神病药、12种抗抑郁药及9种活性代谢物在室温下可稳定72 h,但在室温下存放超24 h后,部分药物存在降解趋势,建议放入2~8℃的冰箱中保存,在此条件下可稳定至少7 d。本文所研究的所有药物及活性代谢物的质控血清可在-80℃冰箱中保存至少14个月,3次反复冻融不影响其稳定性。

我国利福平耐药结核病防治的历史沿革及展望

利福平耐药结核病(rifampicin resistant tuberculosis,RR-TB)是我国面临的重大公共卫生问题。如何防治耐药结核病,降低其对社会和民众的危害,笔者从探索研究、规划实施和全面推广3个阶段出发,全面回顾了我国耐药结核病防治的历史沿革,从一无所有的探索,到创新性地建立耐药结核病防治新模式,以及所取得的成效。与此同时,针对当前我国复治结核病患者耐药率高、治疗成功率不理想等挑战,作者也提出了下一步的应对建议和展望,以供读者参考。