Culture, Beliefs, Attitude and Peer Group Influence on Female Genital Mutilation in Southeast Nigeria

Background: Female Genital Mutilation is still practiced in Ebonyi State in Southeast Nigeria, despite the complications that follows it and government legislation against the practice. Aim: To determine the impact of Culture, Beliefs, attitude and Peer Group Influence on the persistence Female Genital Mutilation practice in the State especially in the rural areas. Materials and Methods: Qualitative study that used Focused Group Discussion and In-depth interviews for data collection. Those willing and given consent were recruited into the group discussion according to age, marital status, educational level and their location in the state. In-depth interviews were used with the Stake Holders, Opinion Leaders, Traditional Rulers and the Clergy. Result: A total of 454 participants were recruited from the 13 local government areas of Ebonyi State but only 420 (92.5%) participated. The age ranges of participants were 25 to 35 years for single males and females while the married participants male and female were aged 35 to 70 years. One hundred single females (23.8%) and 94 single males (21.4%) participated while 97 (23.1%) married women and 95 (22.6%) married men participated. Out of the 26 health workers recruited only 22 (5.2%) participated. Four traditional rulers, 4 women leaders, 4 youth leaders and 2 clergy 12 (2.9%) in number had in-depth interviews. All the participants had knowledge of FGM and its practice. Rural health workers are getting more involved. ‘Female Genital Crushing’ is replacing actual cutting. The participants all agreed there is no benefit and the practice should stop. Conclusion: Female Genital Mutilation is secretly practiced and is getting replaced by “Female Genital Crushing” perpetrated by rural health workers as well as mothers, fathers, traditional birth attendants and the peer group playing a major role with low knowledge of the Law against Female genital mutilation.

Influence of Nursing Students Handwashing Knowledge, Beliefs, and Attitudes on Their Handwashing Compliance

Information regarding current status of handwashing knowledge, beliefs, attitudes and compliance with handwashing practice in nursing students in Jordan is limited. This study aims to explore handwashing knowledge, beliefs, attitudes, and self-reported compliance and to examine significant variables predicting compliance with handwashing practice among nursing students. The study used a cross-sectional survey design. Results found a statistically significant relationship between nursing students’ handwashing compliance and their handwashing knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs (r = 0.68, 0.65, 0.58, P β = 0.423, P = 0.000), followed by attitudes (β = 0.322, P = 0.000), and beliefs (β = 0.171, P = 0.027). Specific handwashing training courses integrated in nursing education curriculum are recommended. These courses need to consider nursing students’ handwashing attitudes and beliefs in conjunction with handwashing knowledge.

HIV and AIDS related knowledge, beliefs and attitudes among rural communities hard to reach in Sudan

Background and Objective: There is a rising concern about Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) related knowledge in rural communities of Sudan. This study focuses on determining the extend of knowledge, beliefs, and attitudes about HIV/ AIDS among rural communities difficult to access in the six States of Sudan. Subjects and Methods: Six thousand and one hundred twenty five respondents were interviewed through the method of house-to-house visits. A structured questionnaire was administered by research assistants recruited from the Faculty of Medicine, Khartoum University during a rural residency campaign in six states of Central, Eastern and Northern Sudan during 2008/2009. Results: Of the total interviewees, 48% were aware of the HIV/AIDS risk;46% reported to have good health seeking behaviors for HIV/AIDS. 54.4% of women reported to have better knowledge about the disease than men (45.6%). 38% (2005) had not heard of safety use of condom whereas 16% (320) had used it. Logistic regression revealed that 5.3% of knowledge about the disease was explained by gender, education and religion adjusted over age of the respondents. Conclusions: Mass media were the most common source of information about the existent risk of HIV/AIDS in rural communities. These findings could assist Sudanese National Aids Programme (SNAP), healthcare providers and policymakers to develop informative materials and health education programs to educate rural community is about the risk of HIV/AIDS.

Transition clinic attendance is associated with improved beliefs and attitudes toward medicine in patients with inflammatory bowel disease

AIM To evaluated the differences in knowledge, adherence, attitudes, and beliefs about medicine in adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) attending transition clinics.METHODS We prospectively enrolled patients from July 2012 to June 2013. All adolescents who attended a tertiarycentre-based dedicated IBD transition clinic were invited to participate. Adolescent controls were recruited from university-affiliated gastroenterology offices. Participants completed questionnaires about their disease and reported adherence to prescribed therapy. Beliefs in Medicine Questionnaire was used to evaluate patients' attitudes and beliefs. Beliefs of medication overuse, harm, necessity and concerns were rated on a Likert scale. Based on necessity and concern ratings, attitudes were then characterized as accepting, ambivalent, skeptical and indifferent. RESULTS One hundred and twelve adolescents were included and 59 attended transition clinics. Self-reported adherence rates were poor, with only 67.4% and 56.8% of patients on any IBD medication were adherent in the transition and control groups, respectively. Adolescents in the transition cohort held significantly stronger beliefs that medications were necessary(P = 0.0035). Approximately 20% of adolescents in both cohorts had accepting attitudes toward their prescribed medicine. However, compared to the control group, adolescents in the transition cohort were less skeptical of(6.8% vs 20.8%) and more ambivalent(61% vs 34%)(OR = 0.15; 95%CI: 0.03-0.75; P = 0.02) to treatment.CONCLUSION Attendance at dedicated transition clinics was associated with differences in attitudes in adolescents with IBD.

Stretching in the prevention of hamstring strains: Attitudes, beliefs and current practices among football coaches in Mauritius

Context and Objective: Hamstring strain is a common injury in football and it causes a significant amount of time lost from competition and training. Since poor flexibility is thought to predispose to muscle strain, stretching is routinely recommended during warm-up routines by coaches to prevent injuries. However, available evidence suggests that pre-exercise stretching (PES), especially static stretching, has no benefit on injury rates and may even reduce performance in explosive type activities. We designed this study to assess the attitudes, beliefs and practices of football coaches regarding stretching in the prevention of hamstring strains. Design: A cross-sectional survey. Setting: Mauritius Football Association (MFA). Participants: 26 football coaches registered with the MFA. Intervention: Questionnaires were distributed to football coaches of the MFA via sports officers. Questionnaires were then collected two weeks after distribution. Main Outcome Measures: Attitudes, beliefs and practices of football coaches regarding stretching in the prevention of ham-string strains. Results: MFA coaches held generally positive attitudes and beliefs towards stretching. 88% of coaches felt that PES is beneficial and 93% believed that PES prevents hamstring strains. The majority of coaches recommended stretching after warming up (81%) and after the training session (93%). 76% of coaches also advised stretching outside the training sessions. 96% of coaches used static stretching to stretch the hamstrings. The hamstrings were stretched on average for 4 times at each training session and the mean duration of a static stretch was 12 seconds. Conclusions: Nearly all coaches believed that PES prevents hamstring strains although evidence is limited. Some of the coaches’ beliefs and practices were not in line with current recommendations. Coaches reported that their stretching practices would be most likely influenced by scientific research. Thus there is an urgent need to devise awareness and training programmes in this area.

Correlation of Treatment Compliance,Treatment Attitude and Belief,and Quality of Life in Community Hypertensive Patients

Objective:To explore the relationship between treatment compliance,treatment attitude and belief,and quality of life in patients with hypertension in the community,and to provide evidence for improving their quality of life.Methods:A convenient sampling method was used to survey 250 patients with hypertension who met the inclusion criteria using the General Questionnaire,Treatment compliance,Treatment Attitudes and Beliefs,and Quality of Life Scale.Results:The total score of treatment compliance of hypertension patients in the community was(91.678±11.431),treatment attitude and belief score(70.407±9.008),quality of life score(113.599±13.511),Pearson correlation analysis showed that the treatment compliance of hypertension patients was positively correlated with quality of life(r=0.433,P<0.01),and treatment attitude and belief were positively correlated with quality of life(r=0.463,P<0.01).Conclusion:The quality of life of patients with hypertension in the community is related to treatment compliance and treatment attitudes and beliefs.

Knowledge,attitude,and practices toward osteoporosis among Jordanian nurses

Objective:To identify the level of knowledge,attitude,and practice(KAP)toward osteoporosis among Jordanian nurses.Methods:A cross-sectional design was adopted in this study.A convenience sample of 443 Jordanian nurses were recruited from the public and private healthcare settings in Jordan.The assessment tool used in the current study contained 35 items,measuring KAP among Jordanian nurses toward osteoporosis.The correlation Pearson test and regression test were used to analyze data using Statistical Package for Social Sciences,version 21.Results:The total KAP scores were 33.53,37.65,and 22.7,respectively.These results revealed that Jordanian nurses have a moderate level of KAP toward osteoporosis.Conclusions:Jordanian nurses showed a moderate KAP toward osteoporosis,which should be improved as an effective step to reducing the growing incidences of osteoporosis.The lack of KAP holds a serious and growing impact on the Jordanian health sector and patients’health in terms of cost,healthcare resources,and social life.Nurses can play a valuable role in educating patients on bone fracture causes,perceived percentage,risks,and prevention,as well as in helping them with nutrition and lifestyle recommendations.

Attitudes towards prescribing psychiatric medicines: Do the views of psychology and medical students differ?

Concordance has been suggested as a process of the consultation in which prescribing process is based on partnership. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to compare attitudes towards psychiatric medication and concordance in medicine taking between medical and psychology students, as they represent future members of mental health teams. Two hundred and sixteen medical students and 222 psychology students completed the Leeds Attitudes toward Concordance scale (LATCon) and the Beliefs about Medication Questionnaire (BMQ) (both adapted for psychiatric medication). Psychology students saw psychiatric medicines as more harmful and were also most likely to believe that psychiatrists overprescribed these medicines. They also scored higher than medical students on attitudes towards concordance, although this difference remained at the limit of statistical significance.

大学生昼夜节律与睡眠质量的关系:特质焦虑和睡眠信念态度的链式中介作用

目的探究在大学生群体中昼夜节律类型与睡眠质量之间的关系,明确特质焦虑和睡眠信念态度在其中所起的中介作用。方法采用便利抽样的方法对某医学院大学生进行线上调查,使用清晨型与夜晚型量表-5项(MEQ-5)、特质焦虑量表(T-AI)、简易睡眠信念和态度量表(DBAS-16)、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表(PSQI)分别评估大学生的昼夜节律类型、特质焦虑水平、睡眠信念态度和睡眠质量。采用Pearson相关分析和中介效应分析探讨昼夜节律类型、特质焦虑水平、睡眠信念态度和睡眠质量之间的关系。结果共回收问卷238份,有效问卷233份,有效率为97.9%。Pearson相关分析结果显示昼夜节律类型、特质焦虑水平、睡眠信念态度和睡眠质量4个变量两两之间呈显著相关(均P<0.01)。以昼夜节律类型为自变量、睡眠质量为因变量、特质焦虑水平和睡眠信念态度为中介变量进行中介效应分析,结果显示特质焦虑水平的中介效应量(MEQ-5→T-AI→PSQI)占总效应的30.48%(r=-0.128,95%CI-0.211~-0.066),睡眠信念态度的中介效应量(MEQ-5→DBAS-16→PSQI)占总效应的12.62%(r=-0.053,95%CI-0.106~-0.014),特质焦虑水平和睡眠信念态度的链式中介效应量(MEQ-5→T-AI→DBAS-16→PSQI)占总效应的11.19%(r=-0.047,95%CI-0.085~-0.022)。结论大学生的昼夜节律类型能够负向预测其睡眠质量,特质焦虑水平和睡眠信念态度在其中起链式中介作用。

基于知信行模式的3H护理在慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期患者中的应用

目的探究基于知信行模式的3H护理在慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期(AECOPD)患者中的应用价值。方法选取医院2019至2022年收治的73例AECOPD患者作为研究对象,随机分为观察组(n=37)和对照组(n=36)。对照组采用常规护理方式,观察组采用基于知信行模式的3H护理,比较2组患者心理弹性、生活质量、自护能力、自我效能。结果干预后2组患者心理弹性、生活质量、自护能力、自我效能得分较干预前均有升高(P<0.05),且观察组更高(P<0.05);结论相比于应用常规护理,应用基于知信行模式的3H护理对于AECOPD患者而言,更能提升心理韧性、改善生活质量、提升自护能力、提高自我效能,适合在临床推广使用。

基于LERANS模式的健康教育在卒中恢复期患者中的应用效果

目的:观察基于LERANS模式的健康教育在卒中恢复期患者中的应用效果。方法:选取2021年1月至2022年3月该院收治的78例卒中恢复期患者进行前瞻性研究,按照随机数字表法将其分对照组和观察组各39例。对照组实施常规护理,观察组在对照组基础上实施基于LERANS模式的健康教育。比较两组护理前后知信行、自我效能[脑卒中康复自我效能量表(SSEQ)]、生命质量[卒中专用生命质量量表(SS-QOL)]评分,以及护理满意度。结果:护理后,观察组知识、信念、行为等知信行评分和SSEQ、SS-QOL评分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组护理满意度为100.00%(39/39),高于对照组的84.62%(33/39),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:基于LERANS模式的健康教育应用于卒中恢复期患者可提高知信行、自我效能、生命质量评分和护理满意度,效果优于常规护理。

论庾信的佛教信仰及其转变

庾信由南入北,经历“四朝十帝”,其与佛教的关系,不是简单的“信仰”或者“不信仰”能够说明的。梳理《大藏经》等内外典籍可知,新野庾氏之兴与中古佛教政治关系密切。庾信早年随萧纲奉佛,侯景之乱后责备梁武帝兴佛,入北后以佛寺济世,明悟“空”与“佛性”的关系,经历了奉佛、斥佛、用佛、明佛的转变。作为中古士人接受外来文化的一个剪影,庾信的经历显然具有一种特殊的典范意义。

失眠的在线简版行为疗法对失眠障碍的干预效果研究

背景失眠障碍是一种常见的精神疾病,给患者的生活和健康带来严重的负面影响。传统的认知行为疗法(CBT-I)是一种有效的非药物治疗方法,但其操作复杂、耗时长、依从性低等缺点限制了其在真实世界的应用。简版行为疗法(BBT-I)是一种基于CBT-I的简化治疗方法,其疗效与CBT-I相当,更适合在真实世界中推广。然而,BBT-I是否适用于中国失眠障碍人群暂不明确,而通过线上方式进行BBT-I的研究更是缺乏。目的本研究旨在探讨通过微信小程序进行的在线BBT-I(eBBT-I)对中国失眠障碍患者失眠改善的疗效,以及其对患者睡眠信念和态度的影响。方法本研究采用前瞻性非随机对照研究的设计,将2023年2—11月来自暨南大学附属第一医院精神医学科睡眠门诊的失眠障碍患者设为干预组,将线上和线下招募的失眠障碍志愿者设为对照组,干预组接受为期2周的eBBT-I治疗,对照组接受精神卫生教育的伪干预。在干预前后分别测量患者的失眠严重程度指数量表(ISI)和简版睡眠信念与态度问卷(DBAS-16)得分,以评估干预效果。结果研究最终共纳入35例干预组患者和30例对照组患者。主要结局指标:组别与时间对ISI得分存在交互作用(P<0.05);组别与时间分别对ISI得分主效应显著(P<0.05)。干预前3d(基线)两组ISI得分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);干预后14d干预组ISI得分低于对照组(P<0.05);干预组干预后14 d ISI得分低于组内干预前(P<0.05)。次要结局指标:组别与时间对DBAS-16得分不存在交互作用(P>0.05);时间对DBAS-16得分主效应显著(P<0.05);组别对DBAS-16得分主效应不显著(P>0.05)。干预前3 d(基线)、干预后14 d两组DBAS-16得分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);干预组干预后14 d DBAS-16得分高于组内干预前(P<0.05)。结论eBBT-I有效地改善了失眠障碍患者的失眠症状和负面影响,但对睡眠信念与态度的改善效果仍有待提升。本研究支持了eBBT-I在中国失眠障碍患者失眠治疗中的可行性和有效性。

PRECEDE-PROCEED模式在改善新生儿重症监护室护士医院感染防控知信行中的应用

目的 鉴于医院感染预防与控制(感控)在新生儿重症监护室(NICU)管理中具有重要作用,又因为护士是感控的前哨力量而目前临床上护士的感控实践能力尚不理想,因此本研究基于PRECEDEPROCEED模式评估NICU护士医院感染防控知信行现状及障碍因素并实施干预,以期提高NICU护士的感控实践能力。方法 选取2021年2月—2022年2月江苏省某三级甲等医院NICU护士为研究对象,基于PRECEDE-PROCEED模式分析护士医院感染防控知信行现状及障碍因素,将障碍因素归纳为倾向因素、促成因素和强化因素,实施针对性干预,比较分析干预前后护士医院感染防控知识和信念水平、行为表现以及医院感染率、例次率。结果 干预后护士知识得分高于干预前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);干预前后护士态度得分均较高,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但干预后条目“护理工作与医院感染的发生有一定关系”的得分率高于干预前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预后护士感控行为的达标率高于干预前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);干预后医院感染率和例次率低于干预前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 运用PRECEDE-PROCEED模式可精准识别影响NICU护士感控实践能力的障碍因素,基于此实施针对性干预可有效提高护士医院感染防控知识和信念,增强其医院感染防控行为的依从性和规范性,利于预防和减少医院感染。

四手操作配合“知信行”健康宣教在根管治疗中的应用及效果评价

目的探究根管治疗中采用四手操作配合知信行健康宣教的临床效果。方法研究开展于2022年3月至2023年3月,抽选64例根管治疗患者样本,采用抽签法分组为研究组(n=32)、对照组(n=32)。对照组患者行常规护理方案,研究组患者行四手操作配合知信行健康宣教,比较两组根管治疗时间、术后肿胀发胀率、术后VAS评分、按时复诊率及不良事件发生率。结果研究组根管治疗时间(26.44±2.97)min、术后肿胀发胀率6.25%、术后VAS评分均(1.95±0.62)分低于对照组根管治疗时间(35.61±4.28)min、术后肿胀发胀率25.00%、术后VAS评分均(3.06±0.98)分(P<0.05)。研究组患者按时复诊率93.75%高于对照组71.88%,不良事件发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论根管治疗中采用四手操作配合知信行健康宣教可缩短根管治疗时间,缓解术后肿痛,并可提高患者按时复诊率,降低不良事件发生率。

认知-态度-信念-行为理论为重点的护理模式在腹腔镜胆囊切除术后患者中的应用

目的 探析认知-态度-信念-行为理论为重点的护理模式在腹腔镜胆囊切除术后患者中的应用效果。方法 方便选取2022年8月—2023年8月济南市济阳区人民医院收治的88例行腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者为研究对象,依据随机抽签法分为两组,每组44例。A组实施常规围术期护理;B组实施认知-态度-信念-行为理论为重点的护理模式。比较两组术后恢复指标及护理满意度。结果 B组术后恢复指标首次下床、首次肛门排气、排便时间均短于A组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。出院时,B组疼痛评分低于A组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。B组疾病知识掌握率为95.45%,高于A组的77.27%,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=6.175,P<0.05)。B组并发症发生率为4.54%,低于A组的18.18%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。B组的护理满意率为93.18%,高于A组的77.27%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 对腹腔镜胆囊切除术后开展认知-态度-信念-行为理论为重点的护理模式,效果理想,能促进患者术后恢复,降低疼痛感,提高疾病知识掌握率、护理满意度,减少并发症的发生。

MPNFS模式下的统合性护理在鼻出血患者中的应用效果

目的:观察MPNFS模式下的统合性护理在鼻出血患者中的应用效果。方法:回顾性分析2020年4月至2022年3月该院收治的106例鼻出血患者的临床资料,根据护理方法不同将其分为对照组和研究组各53例。对照组采用常规护理,研究组在对照组基础上采用MPNFS模式下的统合性护理,比较两组护理前后负性情绪[焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)]评分、知信行评分、并发症发生率、6个月鼻出血次数及护理满意度。结果:护理后,两组SAS、SDS评分均低于护理前,且研究组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组知识、信念、行为评分均高于护理前,且研究组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组并发症发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后6个月,研究组鼻出血平均次数低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);研究组健康教育、服务态度、基础护理、护理操作等护理满意度评分及总分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:MPNFS模式下的统合性护理应用于鼻出血术后患者,可改善其负性情绪,提高知信行水平和护理满意度,减少术后鼻出血次数,效果优于常规护理。

知信行健康管理干预在Ⅲ度房室传导阻滞行永久性起搏器术后患者中的应用

目的:探讨知信行健康管理干预在Ⅲ度房室传导阻滞行永久性起搏器术后患者中的应用。方法:选取2020年6月—2022年10月南华大学附属第二医院收治的92例Ⅲ度房室传导阻滞患者作为研究对象,根据随机数表法将患者分为研究组和参照组,各46例。参照组采用术后常规护理措施,研究组在参照组基础上给予知信行健康管理干预,比较两组干预前后左室射血分数(LVEF)、6分钟步行距离(6MWD)和自我护理水平,评价两组护理依从性,并对两组并发症发生情况进行比较。结果:干预后,两组LVEF和6MWD较干预前改善,且研究组LVEF和6MWD均优于参照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预后,两组自护能力较干预前改善,且研究组自我概念、健康知识程度、自护技能和自护责任感评分高于参照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组护理总依从率为95.65%,高于参照组的76.09%,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=8.265,P=0.016)。研究组并发症发生率为6.52%,低于参照组的23.91%,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=5.333,P=0.021)。结论:知信行健康管理干预可提高Ⅲ度房室传导阻滞行永久性起搏器术后患者护理依从性和自护能力水平,改善心功能,减少并发症。

睡眠信念和态度在D型人格与睡眠质量间的中介作用

目的探讨睡眠质量与D型人格的关系以及睡眠信念和态度在D型人格与睡眠质量关系间的中介作用。方法整群抽样某疗养中心142例工作人员,施测匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表(Pittsburgh sleep quality index,PSQI)、简式睡眠个人信念和态度量表(dysfunctional beliefs and attitudes about sleep,DBAS-16)和D型人格量表(type D personality scale-14,DS14),采用t检验、相关分析、回归分析、结构方程构建等方法分析数据。结果睡眠障碍组在DBAS-16中对失眠的担忧,对失眠后果的错误信念,对睡眠不合理期望,对药物的认识4个维度得分均低于睡眠正常组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),在DS14负性情感维度得分高于睡眠正常组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。PSQI总分与DBAS-16中各维度得分均呈负相关(P<0.01),与DS14中负性情感和社交抑制两个维度得分呈正相关(P<0.05或P<0.01)。多元回归分析结果表明,担忧和负性情感对低睡眠质量有显著预测作用,模型的决定系数R^(2)为35.0%。睡眠信念和态度在D型人格与低睡眠质量之间起完全中介作用。睡眠质量与D型人格、睡眠信念和态度的结构方程模型的主要拟合指数为χ^(2)/df=1.963。结论对睡眠的担忧和负性情感是低睡眠质量的显著预测因子。D型人格与低睡眠质量相关,可通过睡眠信念和态度的中介作用影响睡眠质量。