An adjustable mixer for surface acoustic wave( SAW)-less radio frequency( RF) front-end is presented in this paper. Through changing the bias voltage,the presented mixer with reconfigurable voltage conversion gain( VC...An adjustable mixer for surface acoustic wave( SAW)-less radio frequency( RF) front-end is presented in this paper. Through changing the bias voltage,the presented mixer with reconfigurable voltage conversion gain( VCG) is suitable for multi-mode multi-standard( MMMS) applications. An equivalent local oscillator( LO) frequency-tunable high-Q band-pass filter( BPF) at low noise amplifier( LNA) output is used to reject the out-of-band interference signals. Base-band( BB) capacitor of the mixer is variable to obtain 15 kinds of intermediate frequency( IF) bandwidth( BW). The proposed passive mixer with LNA is implemented in TSMC 0. 18μm RF CMOS process and operates from 0. 5 to 2. 5 GHz with measured maximum out-of-band rejection larger than 40 d B. The measured VCG of the front-end can be changed from 5 to 17 d B; the maximum input intercept point( IIP3) is0 d Bm and the minimum noise figure( NF) is 3. 7 d B. The chip occupies an area of 0. 44 mm^2 including pads.展开更多
Aiming at predicting ship propeller＇s cavitation low-frequency noise spectrum, a hy- brid method combining the cavitation multi-phase flow unsteady simulation with the pulsating spherical bubble radiated noise theory...Aiming at predicting ship propeller＇s cavitation low-frequency noise spectrum, a hy- brid method combining the cavitation multi-phase flow unsteady simulation with the pulsating spherical bubble radiated noise theory was proposed. Then, both of the NSRDC4383 5-bladed propeller and a 7-bladed highly-skewed propeller＇s cavitation low-frequency noise spectrum sub- jected to the full appended SUBOFF submarine＇s nominal wake were investigated. The effects of thrust loading and cavity extension on the discrete line spectrum frequency and its spectrum source level were analyzed. The improved Sauer cavitation model and modified shear stress transport turbulence models were adopted to simulate the propeller sheet cavitation along with integrated verification. The cavity volume acceleration related to the characteristic length rep- resenting the unsteady sheet cavitation extension, which was more reasonable than the spherical cavity hypothesis, was used to the cavitation low-frequency noise spectrum prediction. Results show that the 7-bladed propeller truly appreciates the advantages of smaller loads, latter cav- itation inception and lower cavitating tonal noise comparing to that of the 5 blades. Under the same cavitation index based on ship speed, the interaction of wake inflow and blades will induce significantly low frequency line spectrums and strengthen their source level. Given the submarine wake, cavitation index and rotating speed condition, the thrust, torque and cavity area of blades will decrease with the decreasing load, but the fluctuated acceleration amplitude of cavity volume and the tonal noise spectrum level increases, and the discrete line spectrum components shift mainly to the even times of the BPF harmonics from the odd. If the cavita- tion extension lightens, the BPF harmonics line spectrums will be depressed, and the spectrum level at 1 kHz reduces 2.54 dB. The numerical method above constructs a numerical system to measure the cavitating hydrodynamics and noise performances of ship propellers, which can be productive for the numerical design of wake adapted low noise submarine propeller.展开更多
This paper investigates the feasibility of using a Li-Baker detector based on a modulated Gaussian beam to detect gravitational waves in the GHz band.The first-order perturbation photon fluxes(PPF,signal of the detect...This paper investigates the feasibility of using a Li-Baker detector based on a modulated Gaussian beam to detect gravitational waves in the GHz band.The first-order perturbation photon fluxes(PPF,signal of the detector)and the background photon fluxes(BPF,main noise of the detector),which vary with time,and the transverse distance are calculated.The results show that their propagation directions and energy densities are much different in some areas.Apart from BPF,we also consider two other important noises:diffraction noise and shot noise.In the simulation,it is found that the diffraction noise and shot noise are both lower than the signal level.Meanwhile,the main noise(BPF)can be eliminated when the receiving screen is located in certain special transverse areas where the BPF direction is opposite to that of PPF.Thus,the signal to noise ratio(SNR)obtained using our detection method can reach up to 320 in some transverse areas.These results are beneficial for the design of the Li-Baker detector.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(No.2010CB327404)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions
文摘An adjustable mixer for surface acoustic wave( SAW)-less radio frequency( RF) front-end is presented in this paper. Through changing the bias voltage,the presented mixer with reconfigurable voltage conversion gain( VCG) is suitable for multi-mode multi-standard( MMMS) applications. An equivalent local oscillator( LO) frequency-tunable high-Q band-pass filter( BPF) at low noise amplifier( LNA) output is used to reject the out-of-band interference signals. Base-band( BB) capacitor of the mixer is variable to obtain 15 kinds of intermediate frequency( IF) bandwidth( BW). The proposed passive mixer with LNA is implemented in TSMC 0. 18μm RF CMOS process and operates from 0. 5 to 2. 5 GHz with measured maximum out-of-band rejection larger than 40 d B. The measured VCG of the front-end can be changed from 5 to 17 d B; the maximum input intercept point( IIP3) is0 d Bm and the minimum noise figure( NF) is 3. 7 d B. The chip occupies an area of 0. 44 mm^2 including pads.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51009144)
文摘Aiming at predicting ship propeller＇s cavitation low-frequency noise spectrum, a hy- brid method combining the cavitation multi-phase flow unsteady simulation with the pulsating spherical bubble radiated noise theory was proposed. Then, both of the NSRDC4383 5-bladed propeller and a 7-bladed highly-skewed propeller＇s cavitation low-frequency noise spectrum sub- jected to the full appended SUBOFF submarine＇s nominal wake were investigated. The effects of thrust loading and cavity extension on the discrete line spectrum frequency and its spectrum source level were analyzed. The improved Sauer cavitation model and modified shear stress transport turbulence models were adopted to simulate the propeller sheet cavitation along with integrated verification. The cavity volume acceleration related to the characteristic length rep- resenting the unsteady sheet cavitation extension, which was more reasonable than the spherical cavity hypothesis, was used to the cavitation low-frequency noise spectrum prediction. Results show that the 7-bladed propeller truly appreciates the advantages of smaller loads, latter cav- itation inception and lower cavitating tonal noise comparing to that of the 5 blades. Under the same cavitation index based on ship speed, the interaction of wake inflow and blades will induce significantly low frequency line spectrums and strengthen their source level. Given the submarine wake, cavitation index and rotating speed condition, the thrust, torque and cavity area of blades will decrease with the decreasing load, but the fluctuated acceleration amplitude of cavity volume and the tonal noise spectrum level increases, and the discrete line spectrum components shift mainly to the even times of the BPF harmonics from the odd. If the cavita- tion extension lightens, the BPF harmonics line spectrums will be depressed, and the spectrum level at 1 kHz reduces 2.54 dB. The numerical method above constructs a numerical system to measure the cavitating hydrodynamics and noise performances of ship propellers, which can be productive for the numerical design of wake adapted low noise submarine propeller.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12147102)the Youth Science and Technology Innovation Research Team of Sichuan Province,China(21CXTD0038)。
文摘This paper investigates the feasibility of using a Li-Baker detector based on a modulated Gaussian beam to detect gravitational waves in the GHz band.The first-order perturbation photon fluxes(PPF,signal of the detector)and the background photon fluxes(BPF,main noise of the detector),which vary with time,and the transverse distance are calculated.The results show that their propagation directions and energy densities are much different in some areas.Apart from BPF,we also consider two other important noises:diffraction noise and shot noise.In the simulation,it is found that the diffraction noise and shot noise are both lower than the signal level.Meanwhile,the main noise(BPF)can be eliminated when the receiving screen is located in certain special transverse areas where the BPF direction is opposite to that of PPF.Thus,the signal to noise ratio(SNR)obtained using our detection method can reach up to 320 in some transverse areas.These results are beneficial for the design of the Li-Baker detector.
