Cyber Resilience through Real-Time Threat Analysis in Information Security

This paper examines how cybersecurity is developing and how it relates to more conventional information security. Although information security and cyber security are sometimes used synonymously, this study contends that they are not the same. The concept of cyber security is explored, which goes beyond protecting information resources to include a wider variety of assets, including people [1]. Protecting information assets is the main goal of traditional information security, with consideration to the human element and how people fit into the security process. On the other hand, cyber security adds a new level of complexity, as people might unintentionally contribute to or become targets of cyberattacks. This aspect presents moral questions since it is becoming more widely accepted that society has a duty to protect weaker members of society, including children [1]. The study emphasizes how important cyber security is on a larger scale, with many countries creating plans and laws to counteract cyberattacks. Nevertheless, a lot of these sources frequently neglect to define the differences or the relationship between information security and cyber security [1]. The paper focus on differentiating between cybersecurity and information security on a larger scale. The study also highlights other areas of cybersecurity which includes defending people, social norms, and vital infrastructure from threats that arise from online in addition to information and technology protection. It contends that ethical issues and the human factor are becoming more and more important in protecting assets in the digital age, and that cyber security is a paradigm shift in this regard [1].

Static and Thermal Analysis of Aluminium (413,390,384 and 332) Piston Using Finite Element Method

The main objective of this research was to examine the suitability of aluminium alloy to design a piston of an internal combustion engine for improvement in weight and cost reduction. The piston was modelled using Autodesk Inventor 2017 software. The modelled piston was then imported into Ansys for further analysis. Static structural and thermal analysis were carried out on the pistons of the four different materials namely: Al 413 alloy, Al 384 alloy, Al 390 alloy and Al332 alloy to determine the total deformation, equivalent Von Mises stress, maximum shear stress, and the safety factor. The results of the study revealed that, aluminium 332 alloy piston deformed less compared to the deformations of aluminium 390 alloy piston, aluminium 384 alloy piston and aluminium 413 alloy piston. The induced Von Mises stresses in the pistons of the four different materials were found to be far lower than the yield strengths of all the materials. Hence, all the selected materials including the implementing material have equal properties to withstand the maximum gas load. All the selected materials were observed to have high thermal conductivity enough to be able to withstand the operating temperature in the engine cylinders.

Effect of FeSi additive in dual-chamber sample cup on thermal analysis characteristic values and vermiculating rate of compacted graphite iron

Thermal analysis plays a key role in the online inspection of molten iron quality.Different solidification process of molten iron can be reflected by thermal analysis curves,and silicon is one of important elements affecting the solidification of molten iron.In this study,FeSi75 was added in one chamber of the dual-chamber sample cup,and the influences of FeSi75 additive on the characteristic values of thermal analysis curves and vermiculating rate were investigated.The results show that with the increase of FeSi75,the start temperature of austenite formation TALfirstly decreases and then increases,but the start temperature of eutectic growth TSEF,the lowest eutectic temperature TEU,temperature at maximum eutectic reaction rate TEM,and highest eutectic temperature TERkeep always an increase.The temperature at final solidification point TEShas little change.The FeSi75 additive has different influences on the vermiculating rate of molten iron with different vermiculation,and the vermiculating rate increases for lower vermiculation molten iron while decreases for higher one.According to the thermal analysis curves obtained by a dual-chamber sample cup with 0.30wt.%FeSi75 additive in one chamber,the vermiculating rate of molten iron can be evaluated by comparing the characteristic values of these curves.The time differenceΔtERcorresponding to the highest eutectic temperature TERhas a closer relationship with the vermiculating rate,and a parabolic regression curve between the time differenceΔtERand vermiculating rateηhas been obtained within the range of 65%to 95%,which is suitable for the qualified melt.

Thermal analysis of an LED module with a novelly assembled heat pipe heat sink

This work aims to improve the thermal performance of a light emitting diode(LED) module by employing a novelly assembled heat pipe heat sink. The heat pipe was embedded into the heat sink by a phase change expansion assembly(PCEA) process, which was developed by both finite element(FE) analysis and experiments. Heat transfer performance and optical performance of the LED modules were experimentally investigated and discussed. Compared to the LED module with a traditionally assembled heat pipe heat sink, the LED module employing the PCEA process exhibits about 20% decrease in the thermal resistance from the MCPCB to the heat pipe. The junction temperature is 4% lower and the luminous flux is 2% higher. The improvement in the thermal and optical performance is important to the high power LED applications.

Modal and Thermal Analysis of a Modified Connecting Rod of an Internal Combustion Engine Using Finite Element Method

The connecting rod is one of the most important moving components in an internal combustion engine. The present work determined the possibility of using aluminium alloy 7075 material to design and manufacture a connecting rod for weight optimisation without losing the strength of the connecting rod. It considered modal and thermal analyses to investigate the suitability of the material for connecting rod design. The parameters that were considered under the modal analysis were: total deformation, and natural frequency, while the thermal analysis looked at the temperature distribution, total heat flux and directional heat flux of the four connecting rods made with titanium alloy, grey cast iron, structural steel and aluminium 7075 alloy respectively. The connecting rod was modelled using Autodesk inventor2017 software using the calculated parameters. The steady-state thermal analysis was used to determine the induced heat flux and directional heat flux. The study found that Aluminium 7075 alloy deformed more than the remaining three other materials but has superior qualities in terms of vibrational natural frequency, total heat flux and lightweight compared to structural steel, grey cast iron and titanium alloy.

Evaluation and Analysis of Hospital Disaster Preparedness in Jeddah

Introduction: Disaster damage to health systems is a human and health tragedy, results in huge economic losses, deals devastating blows to development goals, and shakes social confidence. Hospital disaster preparedness presents complex clinical operation. It is difficult philosophical challenge. It is difficult to determine how much time, money, and effort should be spent in preparing for an event that may not occur. Health facilities whether hospitals or rural health clinics, should be a source of strength during emergencies and disasters. They should be ready to save lives and to continue providing essential emergencies and disasters. Jeddah has relatively a level of disaster risk which is attributable to its geographical location, climate variability, topography, etc. This study investigates the hospital disaster preparedness (HDP) in Jeddah. Methods: Questionnaire was designed according to five Likert scales. It was divided into eight fields of 33 indicators: structure, architectural and furnishings, lifeline facilities’ safety, hospital location, utilities maintenance, surge capacity, emergency and disaster plan, and control of communication and coordination. Sample of six hospitals participated in the study and rated to the extent of disaster preparedness for each hospital disaster preparedness indicators. Two hazard tools were used to find out the hazards for each hospital. An assessment tool was designed to monitor progress and effectiveness of the hospitals’ improvement. Weakness was found in HDP level in the surveyed hospitals. Disaster mitigation needs more action including: risk assessment, structural and non-structural prevention, and preparedness for contingency planning and warning and evacuation. Conclusion: The finding shows that hospitals included in this study have tools and indicators in hospital preparedness but with lack of training and management during disaster. So the research shed light on hospital disaster preparedness. Considering the importance of preparedness in disaster, it is necessary for hospitals to understand that most of hospital disaster preparedness is built in the hospital system.

Thermal Analysis of Turbine Blades with Thermal Barrier Coatings Using Virtual Wall Thickness Method

Avirtual wall thicknessmethod is developed to simulate the temperature field of turbine bladeswith thermal barrier coatings(TBCs),to simplify the modeling process and improve the calculation efficiency.The results show that the virtualwall thickness method can improve themesh quality by 20%,reduce the number ofmeshes by 76.7%and save the calculation time by 35.5%,compared with the traditional real wall thickness method.The average calculation error of the two methods is between 0.21%and 0.93%.Furthermore,the temperature at the blade leading edge is the highest and the average temperature of the blade pressure surface is higher than that of the suction surface under a certain service condition.The blade surface temperature presents a high temperature at both ends and a low temperature in themiddle height when the temperature of incoming gas is uniformand constant.The thermal insulation effect of TBCs is the worst near the air film hole,and the best at the blade leading edge.According to the calculated temperature field of the substrate-coating system,the highest thermal insulation temperature of the TC layer is 172.01 K,and the thermal insulation proportions of TC,TGO and BC are 93.55%,1.54%and 4.91%,respectively.

Identification of microRNAs and messenger RNAs involved in human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell treatment of ischemic cerebral infarction using integrated bioinformatics analysis

In recent years,a large number of differentially expressed genes have been identified in human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell(hUMSC)transplants for the treatment of ischemic cerebral infarction.These genes are involved in various biochemical processes,but the role of microRNAs(miRNAs)in this process is still unclear.From the Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO)database,we downloaded two microarray datasets for GSE78731(messenger RNA(mRNA)profile)and GSE97532(miRNA profile).The differentially expressed genes screened were compared between the hUMSC group and the middle cerebral artery occlusion group.Gene ontology enrichment and pathway enrichment analyses were subsequently conducted using the online Database for Annotation,Visualization,and Integrated Discovery.Identified genes were applied to perform weighted gene co-suppression analyses,to establish a weighted co-expression network model.Furthermore,the protein-protein interaction network for differentially expressed genes from turquoise modules was built using Cytoscape(version 3.40)and the most highly correlated subnetwork was extracted from the protein-protein interaction network using the MCODE plugin.The predicted target genes for differentially expressed miRNAs were also identified using the online database starBase v3.0.A total of 3698 differentially expressed genes were identified.Gene ontology analysis demonstrated that differentially expressed genes that are related to hUMSC treatment of ischemic cerebral infarction are involved in endocytosis and inflammatory responses.We identified 12 differentially expressed miRNAs in middle cerebral artery occlusion rats after hUMSC treatment,and these differentially expressed miRNAs were mainly involved in signaling in inflammatory pathways,such as in the regulation of neutrophil migration.In conclusion,we have identified a number of differentially expressed genes and differentially expressed mRNAs,miRNA-mRNAs,and signaling pathways involved in the hUMSC treatment of ischemic cerebral infarction.Bioinformatics and interaction analyses can provide novel clues for further research into hUMSC treatment of ischemic cerebral infarction.

Extensions to the Finite Element Technique for the Magneto-Thermal Analysis of Aged Oil Cooled-Insulated Power Transformers

It is well known that the hot spot temperature represents the most critical parameter identifying the power rating of a transformer. This paper investigates the effect of the degradation of core magnetic properties on temperature variation of aged oil-cooled transformers. Within this work, 2D accurate assessment of time average flux density distribution in an oil insulated-cooled 25 MVA transformer has been computed using finite-element analysis taking into account ageing and stress-induced non-uniform core permeability values. Knowing the core material specific loss and winding details, local core and winding losses are converted into heat. Based upon the ambient temperature outside the transformer tank and thermal heat transfer related factors, the detailed thermal modeling and analysis have then been carried out to determine temperature distribution everywhere. Analytical details and simulation results demonstrating effects of core magnetic properties degradation on hot spot temperatures of the transformer’s components are given in the paper.

A Chiral Three Dimensional Potassium(I)/Strontium(II)/Chromium(III) Oxalato-Bridged Coordination Polymer: Synthesis, Characterization and Thermal Analysis

A new compound of general formula {[(H2O)2K(μ-H2O)Sr]@[Cr(C2O4)3]}n (1) has been synthesized in water and characterized by elemental and thermal analyses, EDX, IR and UV-Vis spectroscopies and by single crystal X-ray structure determination. Compound 1 crystallizes in the chiral space group Fdd2 of orthorhombic system with a = 14.110 (4) ?, b = 36.074 (11)?, c =11.034 (3)? and Z = 16. Compound 1 is a coordination polymer in which the three-dimensional lattice framework is realized by the interconnectivity between K+ cations, Sr2+ cations, aqua ligands and [Cr(C2O4)3]3– complex anions. The asymmetric unit of 1 consists of one cationic motif formally written [(H2O)2K(μ-H2O)Sr]3+ and one anionic entity, [Cr(C2O4)3]3–. The K+ and Sr2+ ions in the cationic motif are both eight-coordinate while the Cr3+ ions in the anionic complex are six-coordinate in a distorted octahedral geometry. Coulombic interactions between the ionic motifs and the three-dimensional H-bonding involving aqua ligands help to consolidate the bulk structure. Thermogra-vimetric analysis (TGA) shows that compound 1 is stable to heat up to ca. 80℃.

Crystal structure, thermal analysis and IR spectroscopic investigation of bis (N-methyl anilinium) sulfate

Chemical preparation, X-ray single crystal, thermal analysis and IR spectroscopic investigation of (C7H10N)2 SO4 denoted NMAS are described. The NMAS crystallizes in the triclinic system with P-1 space group. Its unit cell dimensions are a = 9.6150(5) ?, b = 9.9744(3) ?, c = 10.2767(6) ?, α = 68.069(3)°, β = 62.929(2)°, γ = 67.285(3)° with V = 785.72(7) ?3 and Z = 2. The structure has been solved using direct method and refined to a reliability R factor of 3.62%. The NMAS structure is built up from chains containing all the components of the structure and parallel to the b axis, linked via N—H-----···O hydrogen bonds. Stability between successive chains is performed by weak interactions originating from the organic cations.

Thermal analysis and tests of W/Cu brazing for primary collimator scraper in CSNS/RCS

To the transverse beam collimation system in a rapid cycling synchrotron,an important component is the primary collimator,which improves emittance of the beam halo particles such that the particles outside the predefined trajectory can be absorbed by the secondary collimators.Given the material properties and power deposition distribution,the beam scraper of the primary collimator is a0.17 mm tungsten foil on a double face-wedged copper block of 121.5 mm x 20 mm.The heat is transferred to the outside by a φ34 mm copper rod.In this paper,for minimizing brazing thermal stress,we report our theoretical analysis and tests on brazing the tungsten and copper materials which differ greatly in size.We show that the thermal stress effect can be controlled effectively by creating stress relief grooves on the copper block and inserting a tungsten transition layer into the copper block.This innovation contributes to the successful R&D of the primary collimator.And this study may be of help for working out a brazing plan of similar structures.

90 years of thermal analysis as a control tool in the melting of cast iron

Since its first literature mention in conjunction with cast iron in 1931 by Esser and Lautenbusch,thermal analysis(TA)has journeyed a long way.Today it is an accepted and widely used tool for process control for all types of cast irons.This paper reviews the latest progress in the development of equipment and analysis methods that make TA successful in applications such as the estimation of chemical composition,graphitization potential,and the shape and number of graphite aggregates.The potential and limitations of the prediction of shrinkage defects propensity are analyzed in some details.Examples of attempts at prediction of mechanical properties and shrinkage propensity are also discussed.Several graphs showing the data scattering are presented to convey the reader a better sense of the accuracy of various predictions.

A New Way to Improve Thermal Capacities of Lubricants for the Manufacture of Flint Glass Perfume Bottles: Part A—How to Combine Thermal Analysis and Physico-Chemical Observations at the Glass/Punch Interface

In the hollow glass industry, the success of the forming process depends on controlling the thermal exchange at the glass/mold interface to prevent defects on the glass surface. In the manufacturing process for luxury perfume bottles, the current practice is to deposit a resin film on the inner faces of the mold at the beginning of the production process and regularly swab the mold with a lubricating paste. This study presents a new way to analyze the impact of lubrica- tion on glass/tool thermal exchanges. The TEMPO Laboratory (Valenciennes, France) has an experimental Glass/Tool Interaction (GTI) platform, which is a reduced-scale production unit that allows researchers to reproduce the pressing cycle conditions encountered in the glass industry. To complete the analysis of the thermal exchange at the glass/tool interface, the BCR Center (Mons, Belgium) took physico-chemical measurements on the produced glass samples after the trials on the GTI platform. Part A presents the experimental conditions on the GTI platform and the thermal analy- sis with this platform for the first case of flint glass pressing cycles with a punch swabbed with a lubricating paste de- veloped by our partner, SOGELUB? Special Lubricants Company (Marquain, Belgium). The analysis of the phys- ico-chemical changes on the pressed glass samples produced with the swabbed punch were completed with our obser- vations using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS).

A New Way to Improve Thermal Capacities of Lubricants for the Manufacture of Flint Glass Perfume Bottles: Part B—Thermal Analysis and Physico-Chemical Observations for the Different Lubrications at the Glass/Punch Interface

In the hollow glass industry, more specifically in the luxury perfume glass bottle industry, the success of the forming process depends on controlling the thermal exchange at the glass/mold interface to prevent defects on the glass surface. This study concerns a new way to analyze the impact of lubrication on the glass/tool thermal exchanges. It combines the thermal analysis on the experimental Glass/Tool Interaction (GTI) platform in the TEMPO Laboratory (Valenciennes, France) and the Physico-Chemical measurements on the glass samples by the BCR Center (Mons, Belgium). Part B presents the analysis of the flint glass pressing cycles using different punch lubrication conditions (i.e., bare punch, swabbed punch, coated punch, and coated/swabbed punch). The thermal analysis permits us to rank the lubrication conditions in terms of their capacity to limit the thermal exchange at the punch/glass interface. We defined a new lu- bricating paste composition based on the Physico-Chemical observations of the lubrication transfer on the pressed glass. The GTI platform results proves that the new composition does not affect the insulating power of the lubricating paste and permits us to eliminate defects on the glass samples that are not accepted in industrial situations.

Numerical Investigation of Laser Surface Hardening of AISI 4340 Using 3D FEM Model for Thermal Analysis of Different Laser Scanning Patterns

Laser surface hardening is becoming one of the most successful heat treatment processes for improving wear and fatigue properties of steel parts. In this process, the heating system parameters and the material properties have important effects on the achieved hardened surface characteristics. The control of these variables using predictive modeling strategies leads to the desired surface properties without following the fastidious trial and error method. However, when the dimensions of the surface to be treated are larger than the cross section of the laser beam, various laser scanning patterns can be used. Due to their effects on the hardened surface properties, the attributes of the selected scanning patterns become significant variables in the process. This paper presents numerical and experimental investigations of four scanning patterns for laser surface hardening of AISI 4340 steel. The investigations are based on exhaustive modelling and simulation efforts carried out using a 3D finite element thermal analysis and structured experimental study according to Taguchi method. The temperature distribution and the hardness profile attributes are used to evaluate the effects of heating parameters and patterns design parameters on the hardened surface characteristics. This is very useful for integrating the scanning patterns’ features in an efficient predictive modeling approach. A structured experimental design combined to improved statistical analysis tools is used to assess the 3D model performance. The experiments are performed on a 3 kW Nd:Yag laser system. The modeling results exhibit a great agreement between the predicted and measured values for the hardened surface characteristics. The model evaluation reveals also its ability to provide not only accurate and robust predictions of the temperature distribution and the hardness profile as well an in-depth analysis of the effects of the process parameters.

Thermal analysis of olive tree pruning and the by-products obtained by its gasification and pyrolysis: The effect of some heavy metals on their devolatilization behavior

In this work, the effect of the presence of nickel and lead in thermal decomposition of olive tree pruning (OTP), OTP-char and OTP-ashes was studied by thermogravimetry. Experiments were conducted in two kinds of atmosphere (nitrogen atmosphere and oxidizing atmosphere with 20% of O2) at a heating rate of 10 ℃/min. This investigation describes the chemical, physical and fuel properties of the OTP, which shows a similar composition to other lignocellulosic materials such as hazelnut husk and wood sawdust. In addition, SEM analysis indicated that OTP-char surface is higher than OTP surface with plenty of holes and channels. It makes the char an ideal support for metal retention specially for Pb metal (OTP retained 8.55 mg/g whereas OTP char retained 11.57 mg/g). On the other hand, metal retention occurred by adsorption or ion exchange, according to the IR spectrum of the samples. The results of thermogravimetric tests proved that the presence of lead did not have a strong effect on the decomposition of the samples, since TG and DTG curves were very similar. However, nickel increased the mass loss rate, accelerating the decomposition process, showing higher peaks in DTG curves. Additionally, for temperatures higher than 360 ℃, the volatilization of the samples was improved in the nickel-polluted sample, achieving a higher mass loss, getting more energy from the biomass and reducing the quantity of residues left after the process.

Thermal analysis for brake disks of SiC/6061 Al alloy co-continuous composite for CRH3 during emergency braking considering airflow cooling

The mass of high-speed trains can be reduced using the brake disk prepared with SiC network ceramic frame reinforced 6061 aluminum alloy composite （SiCn/Al）. The thermal and stress analyses of SiCn/Al brake disk during emergency braking at a speed of 300 km/h considering airflow cooling were investigated using finite element （FE） and computational fluid dynamics （CFD） methods. All three modes of heat transfer （conduction, convection and radiation） were analyzed along with the design features of the brake assembly and their interfaces. The results suggested that the higher convection coefficients achieved with airflow cooling will not only reduce the maximum temperature in the braking but also reduce the thermal gradients, since heat will be removed faster from hotter parts of the disk. Airflow cooling should be effective to reduce the risk of hot spot formation and disc thermal distortion. The highest temperature after emergency braking was 461 °C and 359 °C without and with considering airflow cooling, respectively. The equivalent stress could reach 269 MPa and 164 MPa without and with considering airflow cooling, respectively. However, the maximum surface stress may exceed the material yield strength during an emergency braking, which may cause a plastic damage accumulation in a brake disk without cooling. The simulation results are consistent with the experimental results well.

In situ atomic-scale observation of size-dependent (de) potassiation and reversible phase transformation in tetragonal FeSe anodes

Potassium-ion batteries(PIBs)are considered promising alternatives to lithium-ion batteries owing to cost-effective potassium resources and a suitable redox potential of-2.93 V(vs.-3.04 V for Li+/Li).However,the exploration of appro-priate electrode materials with the correct size for reversibly accommodating large K+ions presents a significant challenge.In addition,the reaction mecha-nisms and origins of enhanced performance remain elusive.Here,tetragonal FeSe nanoflakes of different sizes are designed to serve as an anode for PIBs,and their live and atomic-scale potassiation/depotassiation mechanisms are revealed for the first time through in situ high-resolution transmission electron micros-copy.We found that FeSe undergoes two distinct structural evolutions,sequen-tially characterized by intercalation and conversion reactions,and the initial intercalation behavior is size-dependent.Apparent expansion induced by the intercalation of K+ions is observed in small-sized FeSe nanoflakes,whereas unexpected cracks are formed along the direction of ionic diffusion in large-sized nanoflakes.The significant stress generation and crack extension originating from the combined effect of mechanical and electrochemical interactions are elucidated by geometric phase analysis and finite-element analysis.Despite the different intercalation behaviors,the formed products of Fe and K_(2)Se after full potassiation can be converted back into the original FeSe phase upon depotassiation.In particular,small-sized nanoflakes exhibit better cycling perfor-mance with well-maintained structural integrity.This article presents the first successful demonstration of atomic-scale visualization that can reveal size-dependent potassiation dynamics.Moreover,it provides valuable guidelines for optimizing the dimensions of electrode materials for advanced PIBs.

Thermal Analysis of Sclerotium of Pleurotus tuber-regium (osu) for Effective Drying

Thermal drying could lead to the deterioration of substance which affect its nutraceutical and chemical properties. Hence, thermal stability of substance is necessary in course of its drying to acertain the degree of temperature it will be subjected to. In this research, sclerotium of Pleurotus tuberregium is subjected to thermogravimetric analysis, differential thermal analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. Both thermogravimetric analysis and differential thermal analysis were conducted from ambient temperature to 1000°C at a rate of 20°C/min constant heating rate, while differential scanning calorimetry was conducted from ambient temperature to 400°C at a rate of 10°C/min constant heating rate. Besides, the oxides contents of sclerotium of Pleurotus tuberregium were determined using x-ray fluorescence analysis and the mircostruture was determined with scanning electron microscopy. It was discovered that complete dehydration of the sample ended at about 110.38°C and oxidation reaction occurred between 233.42°C to 373.82°C with release of heat by the sample. Sclerotium of Pleurotus tuber-regium is thermal stable up to 233.42°C with decompostion of steroid which is its second major component at about 400°C to 480°C. The x-ray fluorescence analysis of sclerotium of Pleurotus tuber-regium revealed that Na2O, MgO, SiO2, Al2O3, and Fe2O3 are the major compound and SEM analysis showed that it is a solid with amorphous structure having some fibrous skeleton. This study revealed that sclerotium of Pleurotus tuberregium could be dried to minimal moisture content without the deterioration of its nutritional and medinicnal properties.