Seasonal Variation in Air Temperature and Relative Humidity on Building Areas and in Green Spaces in Beijing, China

The cooling and humidifying effects of urban parks are an essential component of city ecosystems in terms of regulating microclimates or mitigating urban heat islands(UHIs).Air temperature and relative humidity are two main factors of thermal environmental comfort and have a critical impact on the urban environmental quality of human settlements.We measured the 2-m height air temperature and relative humidity at the Beijing Olympic Park and a nearby building roof for more than 1 year to elucidate seasonal variations in air temperature and relative humidity,as well as to investigate the outdoor thermal comfort.The results showed that the lawn of the park could,on average,reduce the air temperature by(0.80±0.19)℃,and increase the relative humidity by(5.24±2.91)% relative to the values measured at the building roof during daytime.During the nighttime,the lawn of the park reduced the air temperature by(2.64±0.64)℃ and increased the relative humidity by(10.77±5.20)%.The park was cooler and more humid than surrounding building area,especially in night period(more pronounced cooling with 1.84℃).Additionally,the lawn of the park could improve outdoor thermal comfort through its cooling and humidifying effects.The level of thermal comfort in the park was higher than that around the building roof for a total of 11 days annually in which it was above one or more thermal comfort levels(average reduced human comfort index of 0.92)except during the winter.

对夏热冬冷地区暖通空调气候特点的再认识

夏热冬冷地区作为建筑热工设计的气候分区,主要着眼于室外空气干球温度,不能作为暖通空调系统设计的气候分区。根据GB 50736—2012《民用建筑供暖通风与空气调节设计规范》中规定的室内热舒适等级标准,利用焓湿图将室外空气状态划分为9个区。对夏热冬冷地区9个代表城市的全年室外空气热湿状态在焓湿图上9个区内的分布时数进行了统计分析,并分析了各代表城市室外空气热湿状态的年变化过程,初步得到了夏热冬冷地区全年的季节构成与划分。进一步分析了东西气候差异,为了更有针对性地研发和应用建筑热环境控制技术及提高能效,宜将夏热冬冷地区划分为东、西2个暖通空调气候区,东区为平原气候区,西区为山地气候区。

江南水乡住区冬季室外热环境实测及分析--以上海魅客小镇滨江社区为例

室外物理环境是体现人居环境品质的重要因素,针对广大乡村住区的室外环境研究存在一定的空白,而当下乡村人居环境科学发展已成为江南地区乃至国家的重大需求。文章以室外热环境为切入点,选取上海典型乡村案例——上海魅客小镇滨江社区,通过布点实测的方法,获取冬季水乡住区室外热环境数据,初步分析得出影响室外热环境的要素:太阳辐射、地面类型、空间围合度及树冠遮盖等,同时阐述各影响要素的作用机制。采取的实测方法和初步结论可为乡村住区室外微气候、热舒适性的深入探讨提供借鉴。

除湿热泵在娱乐性游泳馆中的适用性分析

在娱乐性游泳馆空调设计中采用除湿热泵具有技术优势,但在确定方案前需对其适用性进行具体分析论证。在分析游泳池建筑室内热湿负荷特性的基础上,通过建模计算确定了除湿热泵冬、夏季设计运行状态参数,分析了室内显热负荷、新风比对系统节能的影响。对比了北京、福州地区的除湿热泵和传统新风热回收系统的能耗,得到了除湿热泵的经济运行方式。

严寒地区某超低能耗建筑室内环境参数实测分析与评价

环境污染的防治与新能源改革的迫切实施之间的矛盾,已经成为我国在能源领域面临的主要问题。近零能耗建筑自身的围护结构具有高保温性能和多能源耦合热源的高利用率等特点,使其在建筑全生命周期内的投入和运行成本得到了显著优化。因此通过对建筑物的温度、相对湿度、噪音、CO_(2)浓度、新风量、采光等环境参数进行实地测试,评估其室内环境状况,为探索该区域超低能耗建筑的室内环境参数的分布特点和评价标识提供参考和依据。对严寒地区某超低能耗建筑——沈阳建筑大学养老体验中心进行环境实测。结果表明,夏季室内相对湿度过高,对人体热舒适产生不利影响,其余环境参数实测结果均符合《近零能耗建筑技术标准》中相应的规范值。结合测试结果提出可以放置干燥剂和下午适时开窗的改进措施,以降低夏季室内湿度和CO_(2)浓度。