Fractal Prediction Model of Thermal Contact Conductance of Rough Surfaces

The thermal contact conductance problem is an important issue in studying the heat transfer of engineering surfaces, which has been widely studied since last few decades, and for predicting which many theoretical models have been established. However, the models which have been existed are lack of objectivity due to that they are mostly studied based on the statistical methodology characterization for rough surfaces and simple partition for the deformation formats of contact asperity. In this paper, a fractal prediction model is developed for the thermal contact conductance between two rough surfaces based on the rough surface being described by three-dimensional Weierstrass and Mandelbrot fractal function and assuming that there are three kinds of asperity deformation modes： elastic, elastoplastic and fully plastic. Influences of contact load and contact area as well as fractal parameters and material properties on the thermal contact conductance are investigated by using the presented model. The investigation results show that the thermal contact conductance increases with the increasing of the contact load and contact area. The larger the fractal dimension, or the smaller the fractal roughness, the larger the thermal contact conductance is. The thermal contact conductance increases with decreasing the ratio of Young＇s elastic modulus to the microhardness. The results obtained indicate that the proposed model can effectively predict the thermal contact conductance at the interface, which provide certain reference to the further study on the issue of heat transfer between contact surfaces.

Thermal contact conductance at continuous roll-casting interface

The effects of surface roughness, strain rate, friction coefficient and pressure on real contact area were analyzed based on the research of Stupkiewicz. The real contact area model taking account of the effect of friction and deformation of material was obtained. The model of contact conductance at the rolling interface was obtained by integrating the specific feature of heat transfer through the interface of continuous roll-casting. The results indicate that the real contact area increases obviously when the material is under yield, and the real contact area varies inversely with surface roughness, whereas it varies exponentially with friction coefficient, strain rate and pressure, and the power factor depends on strain rate.

Modeling of thermal conductivity for disordered carbon nanotube networks

Several theoretical models have been developed so far to predict the thermal conductivities of carbon nanotube(CNT)networks.However,these models overestimated the thermal conductivity significantly.In this paper,we claimed that a CNT network can be considered as a contact thermal resistance network.In the contact thermal resistance network,the temperature of an individual CNT is nonuniform and the intrinsic thermal resistance of CNTs can be ignored.Compared with the previous models,the model we proposed agrees well with the experimental results of single-walled CNT networks.

航天器用界面导热填料应用状态接触传热系数分析

为解决航天器用RKTL-DRZ-2型导热脂及RKTL-DRNJ-1型导热凝胶2种新开发导热填料无实际应用状态下接触传热系数数据的问题,采用试验方法对其接触传热系数进行研究,得到在航天器上设备典型尺寸及不同固定螺钉分布情况下的接触传热系数。试验结果表明:在相同安装状态下,与目前常用的RKTL-DRZ-1型导热脂相比,RKTL-DRZ-2型导热脂对界面接触传热性能改善效果较好,RKTL-DRNJ-1型导热凝胶较差。此外,获取了保证导热填料填充效果的实施经验,并给出了导热填料的选用建议。试验分析结论可应用于选用导热填料时的航天器热设计及热控实施。

基于相似性原则的橡胶颗粒-砂混合物热导率理论模型

为准确定量评价人工隔热材料橡胶颗粒-砂混合物的导热性能,突破现有经验关系模型适用性较差的局限性,以Wiener土体热导率模型为框架,基于相似性原则,通过对混合物中各介质的导热性能进行分析,建立用于计算混合物热导率的理论模型,分析模型中计算参数的意义和确定方法,根据文献报道热导率测试数据,对比验证模型的有效性,并探讨模型进一步完善和拓展的研究方向。研究结果表明:橡胶颗粒和孔隙液的导热能力相似,可将两者归属为相似类传热介质应用于Wiener串、并联模型中;模型综合考虑了橡胶掺量、粒径比、饱和度和孔隙率等对橡胶颗粒-砂混合物结构和导热性能的影响,准确描述了混合物热导率和橡胶掺量、粒径比的相关关系,与实测数据的对比结果显示了较高的精确度。探明复杂应力状态和极端气候条件对刚-柔性颗粒混合物导热性能的作用规律,是进一步完善和拓展本文模型的重要研究内容。

考虑颗粒形貌的干砂热传导特性研究

为揭示颗粒形貌对干砂热导率的影响规律,通过砂颗粒形貌测量和室内热探针试验,研究不同天然河砂的二维颗粒形貌统计分布特征以及颗粒形貌特征参数与热导率的相关关系,同时从细观尺度探讨砂颗粒接触传热的内在机制。结果表明:天然河砂颗粒圆度和球度值的统计分布具有正态分布特征,期望值可作为定量表征颗粒形貌的参数;干砂热导率随孔隙率增加而减小,在半对数坐标中两者具有良好的线性关系,直线斜率与“平均形貌因子”Am呈线性减小关系;相同孔隙率下,浑圆颗粒的干砂热导率值较大,不同干砂间热导率值的差异随孔隙率的增加而逐渐减小;提出的热导率计算新模型综合考虑了颗粒形貌和矿物组分的影响,相比于传统Côté和Konrad模型,具有更好的适用性和先进性;颗粒形貌对干燥状态下无黏性土热传导特性的作用受多因素综合影响,与应力环境、颗粒刚度等密切相关。

碳填料/天然橡胶复合材料热导率及层间接触热阻对微波加热效果的影响

制备炭黑/天然橡胶(NR)、石墨烯/NR和碳纳米管/NR复合材料,采用试验与数值模拟相结合的方法研究复合材料热导率和层间接触热阻对微波加热的影响。结果表明:炭黑、石墨烯和碳纳米管自身热导率越大,复合材料的热导率越大,层间接触热阻越小;通过增大填料用量来增大复合材料的热导率和减小层间接触热阻具有一定的局限性,需考虑复合材料的配方设计适用性和经济性;复合材料的热导率对微波加热过程中高、低温区域分布规律和微波加热效率基本无影响,但影响复合材料的温度分布均匀性。为保证微波加热硫化均匀性,多层复合材料的层间接触热阻不可忽略。

考虑接触热导的电动扭矩扳子校准装置热特性分析

为了提升动态扭矩参数的测量准确度,基于分形理论,引入接触热导参数,建立结合面接触热导模型,并进行数值仿真。同时针对典型的电动扭矩扳子校准装置,利用接触热导模型对其轴承结合部进行温度仿真并与试验结果进行对比分析。结果表明:接触热导参数分别与接触载荷和材料特性参数呈现正相关增长趋势,而与尺度参数呈现负相关增加趋势;当2.1≤D≤2.7时,接触热导参数随分形维数D的增大而增大;当2.7≤D≤2.9时,接触热导参数反而随着分形维数D的增大而减小。考虑接触热导的上、下轴承结合部最高温度均比不考虑时高出4~6℃,且与试验结果接近,相对误差分别为2.7%和3.3%。

Transient temperature characteristics of friction clutch disc considering thermal contact conductance under sliding conditions

High temperatures are generated due to the sliding contacts between the rubbing surfaces of the friction clutch system.In this work,by considering the effective thermal contact conductance under sliding conditions,a simulation model of a two-dimensional transient temperature field of the clutch disc was developed.A numerical solution to obtain the surface temperature at different radii was presented based on the finite difference method.Compared with the experimental data,the proposed model for estimating the surface temperature is more accurate than the conventional prediction method.The results showed that the errors of the calculated temperatures at radii of 114 and 106 mm have obviously reduced by 12.98%and 12.60%,respectively.In addition,the influences of pressure and relative speed on the surface temperature were investigated.The temperature increases with the increase of the relative speed and pressure during the sliding period,and there is an interaction effect between pressure and speed on the surface temperature rise.

Heat transfer analysis for the roller shell under the condition of periodic thermal shock

According to the actual working conditions of roller shell in the process ofcontinuous roll casting, the Fourier heat transfer law is used to conduct the simulating analysisfor the temperature distribution of the roller shell under the condition of periodic thermal shock.The temperature variation law inside the roller shell is studied during the process of continuousroll casting, and the steady temperature distributions of the roller shell at different castingvelocities have been obtained when the thermal contact conductance between the roller shell and thecasting strip is considered.

免液氦量子电压标准热传导特性

基于小型Gifford-McMahon(G–M)制冷机的低温系统是免液氦量子电压标准的关键组件之一,然而由于量子效应的电学表征与结阵表面温度密切相关,结阵芯片对环境温度高度敏感。特别是当结阵表面辐照较大功率的微波时,大量热负荷加剧了无液氦环境下超导量子态的不稳定性。针对上述问题,深入分析和研究了免液氦量子电压标准的低温固体热传导特性,建立低温恒温系统两级辐射漏热及结阵接触热传导模型,应用该模型设计了低温恒温器,并开展了结阵温度稳定性和超导电流–电压(I–U)特性实验。实验结果表明:2伏可编程约瑟夫森结阵所有子阵列的量子电压台阶宽度均大于1.3 mA,验证了所提模型的准确性和可行性。该研究的相关理论和方法可为免液氦量子电压标准低温系统设计和完善提供重要依据。

高导热聚乙烯长丝的结构与性能

为研究不同工艺生产的高导热聚乙烯长丝的微观结构与性能,选取超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)、凉感聚乙烯、普通聚乙烯,以及添加聚酰胺、聚丙烯的复合聚乙烯长丝,与改性导热功能长丝(凉感涤纶、凉感锦纶)及普通涤纶长丝进行对比,测试并分析长丝的微观结构、力学性能、热学性能、表面性能和导湿性能,并将长丝试样制备成针织物,测试其导热性能和瞬间接触凉感。结果表明:UHMWPE长丝的强力及模量最高,热稳定好,分解温度为凉感聚乙烯长丝的1.3倍、普通聚乙烯长丝的1.4倍,但导湿性最差;聚乙烯长丝的比热容大于改性导热功能长丝,其中普通聚乙烯长丝的比热容最大;凉感聚乙烯长丝的导湿性及润湿性最好,适用于凉感功能针织产品的加工,但是热稳定性较差。几种聚乙烯长丝针织物均具有良好的接触瞬间凉感和导热性能,且在聚乙烯熔体中加入凉感物质或其与聚酰胺、聚丙烯等物质共混纺丝可提高织物的导热系数和接触瞬间凉感。

界面平均温度和压力对DD5和1Cr11Ni2W2MoV材料接触热阻影响的实验研究

测量航空发动机重要部件材料间接触热阻对发动机温度分布的准确评估十分重要,进而能为其部件优化设计、叶顶间隙控制和材料热防护提供重要参考价值。DD5和1Cr11Ni2W2MoV材料因具有良好的综合性能和优异的热疲劳和工艺性能而分别广泛应用于航空发动机涡轮叶片和机匣等部件。基于发动机连接部件界面实际工况,根据稳态热流法实验测量上述两材料接触热阻,并研究界面压力(45~200 MPa)和温度(150~300℃)对其影响。研究结果表明:接触热阻与界面压力和温度均存在幂律关系,且随两者增大而逐渐减小;相同界面压力和温度下,1Cr11Ni2W2MoV材料接触热阻比DD5的更小,但两者差距随压力增大而逐渐缩小。此外,拟合得到的两种材料接触热阻与界面压力和温度间的经验公式能较好地预测实验结果,与92.9%的实验数据相对误差小于12%。

孵育系统中的微孔板支架结构优化

【目的】为提高多功能微孔板读数仪的孵育性能,针对微孔板温度均一性,提出微孔板支架组件的结构改进方案。【方法】首先分析影响微孔板读数仪孵育性能的因素,包括支架组件的结构尺寸、表面处理和加工材料等,并设计改进方案;然后通过多通道数据采集仪进行试验,收集不同方案的微孔板支架组件孵育时微孔板中各孔位的实际温度;最后,对比不同改进方案在最大温差、升温速率等孵育性能方面的提升程度,评价各改进方案的孵育性能并确定最佳改进方案。【结果】相比改进前的支架组件结构,与微孔板底部完全接触的支架组件改进方案在试验中的表现最佳:各孔位间最大温差从2.9℃降至1.1℃,降低了62.07%;升温过程中最大温差超过1℃的持续时间从1650 s降至120 s,降低了92.72%;前7 min平均升温速率从0.774℃/min升至1.065℃/min,提升了37.60%;前7 min平均升温速率标准差从0.100降至0.043,降低了57.00%。【结论】本优化设计提供了一种可行的微孔板支架组件结构改进思路,对提升微孔板读数仪的孵育性能具有一定的参考价值。

Thermal contact conductance estimation and experimental validation in hot stamping process

The variation in temperature of the blank would make major contribution to the mechanical properties of final component in hot stamping of ultra high strength steel(UHSS).It is important to use accurate thermal contact conductance(TCC) to carry out finite element simulation of hot stamping for reliable caculation results.In this paper,a flat compression test was performanced on a servo press.A fast response temperature measurement and data acquisition system was designed to obtain the temperature history of blank and die under different pressures.The thermal contact conductance between blank and die was got using an optimization algorithm.The error between the temperature curves using calculated thermal contact conductance and the curves of measurement temperature was analyzed.Result shows that reliable simulation results of temperature can be got through accurate thermal contact conductance.

还原氧化石墨烯/铜复合热界面材料的实验研究

为了提高热界面材料的导热性能,采用电泳沉积法制备还原氧化石墨烯/铜复合材料,对比分析还原氧化石墨烯/铜、多层石墨烯和纳米银对环氧树脂热导率的增强效果。采用扫描电镜对还原氧化石墨烯/铜复合材料的微观形貌进行表征;使用热常数分析仪、数字式粘度计和接触热阻测试仪分别对环氧树脂基复合热界面材料的热导率、粘度和界面热阻进行调控测试。结果表明,实验成功制备了还原氧化石墨烯/铜,且金属铜颗粒均匀分布在石墨烯片层间;还原氧化石墨烯/铜、多层石墨烯、纳米银对环氧树脂的导热系数均有提高;还原氧化石墨烯/铜复合材料质量分数为30%时,环氧树脂基复合热界面材料的导热系数提高了4.5倍;在0.9 MPa压力下,界面接触热阻为37.06 mm^(2)·K·W^(-1),与不添加界面材料时相比降低了35.9%(未添加热界面材料时界面接触热阻为57.84 mm^(2)·K·W^(-1))。高导热材料能提高环氧树脂基热界面材料的热导率,可显著改善接触面的传热性能。

Investigation on Thermal Contact Conductance Based on Data Analysis Method of Reliability

The method of reliability is proposed for the investigation of thermal contact conductance （TCC） in this study. A new defini- tion is introduced, namely reliability thermal contact conductance （RTCC）, which is defined as the TCC value that meets the reliability design requirement of the structural materials under consideration. An experimental apparatus with the compensation heater to test the TCC is introduced here. A practical engineering example is utilized to demonstrate the applicability of the pro- posed approach. By using a statistical regression model along with experimental data obtained from the interfaces of the struc- tural materials GH4169 and K417 used in aero-engine, the estimate values and the confidence level of TCC and RTCC values are studied and compared. The results show that the testing values of TCC increase with interface pressure and the proposed RTCC model matches the test results better at high interface pressure.

弹性连接器组件研究现状及进展

弹性连接器常用于电流和信号的传输,在现代电子通讯领域被广泛应用。其制备过程中的冲压工艺,受到包括冲压方向、冲压角度、冲压宽度、最小相对弯曲半径等因素影响。其制备材料的导电率、摩擦系数、耐腐蚀性将影响弹性连接器的接触阻抗,同时材料本身的弹性模量、强度、抗热应力松弛率、摩擦系数等,将影响弹性组件的可靠性,而接触阻抗和可靠性将直接影响弹性连接器通讯电讯号的传输。本文从选材的角度,针对电力传输用连接器的电导率、弹性模量、强度、摩擦磨损性能、冲压性能和抗热应力松弛性能,信号传输用连接器的弹性模量、强度、冲压性能、表面电导率,以及高温下长周期服役用连接器的抗热应力松弛性能和耐腐蚀性,反复插拔用连接器的接触组件表层的耐摩擦磨损性能等分别进行了综述,同时从加工的角度提出弹性连接器需要结合设计考虑不同冲压方向、冲压角度、冲压厚度、冲压宽度下的最小相对弯曲半径。

Influence of body contact of SOI MOSFETs on the thermal conductance of devices

The thermal conductance of devices with different body contacts is studied. A new analytical expression is proposed. This expression can be used in parameter extraction, which gives both good efficiency and high precision. The ratio of thermal conductance of the body contact region to that of the body region is nearly equal to the ratio of the area. The use of an H shape gate body contact is suggested to aid power dissipation in SOI MOSFETs.

基于叠层稳态热测量技术的锂离子电池导热系数测量

锂离子电池作为电动汽车的主流动力源,其组件导热系数是计算热传导过程中导热量最重要的参数。针对现有测量锂离子电池组件导热系数方法测量时间长、测量误差大,样品制备复杂等现状,提出了一种基于红外测温原理叠层稳态热测量方法,该方法采用激光加热叠层表面,通过红外热像仪测量表面温升,完成测量平台的搭建。测量聚丙烯材料的导热系数表明,该方法能够准确测量固体材料的导热系数,且测量模型简单,测量速度快。采用非接触式的测量方法,测量误差小,为测量锂离子电池组件的导热系数提供了新的方法,具有较好的工程应用前景。