Analysis on Thermal Current Field in Powertrain Cabin of Tracked Vehicles With Electric Transmission System Configuration-2

The electric transmission system congfiguration-2 is one of the main electric drives for tracked vehicles. The geometrical model for the power-train cabin is established and the preliminary design for its cooling system is implemented. The mathematic model is established for thermal current field computation, simulation and analysis in the powertrain cabin. The three-dimensional structure of the powertrain cabin is optimized. The validity of the cooling system design is proved. The foundation for optimizing the whole electric transmission system configuration is laid.

Thermal currents obtained and mutually switched by a modified Haldane model in graphene

By using the transfer matrix method,we discover three types of current,such as the 100%spinvalley polarized current,pure spin-valley current and pure charge current,in a two-terminal graphene system.These types of current can be obtained and mutually switched by modulating the parameters of the modified Haldane model(MHM).In our work,these types of current are driven by the thermal bias.Compared with this method of increasing the one-lead temperature(with a fixed temperature difference),the thermal currents can be more effectively strengthened by increasing the temperature difference(with a fixed one-lead temperature).In order to rapidly turn off these currents,we choose to enhance the intensity of the off-resonant circularly polarized light instead of canceling the temperature difference.These results indicate that the graphene system with the MHM has promising applications in the spin and valley caloritronics.

NUMERICAL ANALYSIS AND EXPERI-MENT OF UNSTEADY THERMAL FIELD OF ROTOR PLATE FOR EDDY CURRENT RETARDER

The physical model based on heat transfer theory and virtual boundary method for analyzing unsteady thermal field of rotor plate for eddy current retarder used in automobile is established and boundary conditions are also defined. The finite element governing equation is derived by Galerkin method. The time differential item is discrete based on Galerkin format that is stable at any condition. And a new style of varying time step method is used in iteration process. The thermal field on the rotor plate at the radial and axle directions is analyzed and varying temperature at appointed points on two side-surfaces is measured. The testing and analytical data are uniform approximately. Finite element method can be used for estimating thermal field of the rotor plate at initial design stage of eddy current retarder.

Thermal analytic model of current gain for bipolar junction transistor-bipolar static induction transistor compound device

This paper proposes a thermal analytical model of current gain for bipolar junction transistor-bipolar static induction transistor （BJT-BSIT） compound device in the low current operation. It also proposes a best thermal compensating factor to the compound device that indicates the relationship between the thermal variation rate of current gain and device structure. This is important for the design of compound device to be optimized. Finally, the analytical model is found to be in good agreement with numerical simulation and experimental results. The test results demonstrate that thermal variation rate of current gain is below 10% in 25 ℃-85 ℃ and 20% in -55 ℃-25 ℃.

Effect of melt pulse electric current and thermal treatment on A356 alloy

Effects of the melt pulse electric current and thermal treatment on solidification structures of A356 alloy were investigated. In the experiments, the low temperature melt(953 K and 903 K) treated by pulse electric current was mixed with high temperature melt(1 223 K). By the control experiments, the results show that the solidification structure of A356 alloy is refined apparently by the pulse electric current together with melt thermal treatment process, and the mechanical properties, especially the elongation ratio of the specimen treated is improved greatly. The structure change of the melt by pulse electric current and melt thermal treatment is the main reason for the refinement of the solidification structure of A356 alloy.

Abnormality of thermal structure and current in the upper western tropical Pacific Ocean and its effect on subtropical high

-Mainly on the basis of the data obtained during PRC/US bilateral TOGA cruises, abnormal variation occurred during the 1986/1987 El Nino is shown in this paper about the thermal structure and circulation of the upper western tropical Pacific Ocean. The effects of the abmormal variation on the subtropical high over the Northwest Pacific Ocean are discussed. During the El Nino: (1) In the east part of the western tropical Pacific Ocean (the subsurface temperature data on the 165° E section are taken as an example), the water wanner than 29 C in the upper layer spread on the longitudinal section and positive temperature anormalies appeared in a large area of the sea surface. (2) In the west part of the western tropical Pacific Ocean (the subsurface temperature data on the 137°E section are representative ), the cross section occupied by the upper layer warmer water ( T >28 ℃ ) became shrunk, and the sea surface temperature showed negative amomalies. (3) The eastward flows in the upper layer of the 165°E section strengthened. (4)The northward flow volume of warm water from the origin area of Kuroshio, i. e. , the tropical oceanic area south of 18?0' N and from the west of 130?E to the Philippine coast, decreased. When those kinds of abnomal variation occurred, air divergence on the low level (1 000 hPa) over the Northwest Pacific Ocean was intensified, favourable to the strengthening of subtropical high over the Northwest Pacific Ocean.

Leakage current reduction by thermal oxidation in Ni/Au Schottky contacts on lattice-matched In_(0.18)Al_(0.82)N/GaN heterostructures

By using temperature-dependent current-voltage, variable-frequency capacitance-voltage, and Hall measurements, the effects of the thermal oxidation on the electrical properties of Ni/Au Schottky contacts on lattice-matched Ino.18Alo.82N/GaN heterostructures are investigated. Decrease of the reverse leakage current down to six orders of magni- tude is observed after the thermal oxidation of the Ino.18Alo.82N/GaN heterostructures at 700 ℃. It is confirmed that the reverse leakage current is dominated by the Frenkel-Poole emission, and the main origin of the leakage current is the emis- sion of electrons from a trap state near the metal/semiconductor interface into a continuum of electronic states associated with the conductive dislocations in the InxAll-xN barrier. It is believed that the thermal oxidation results in the formation of a thin oxide layer on the InxAll-xN surface, which increases the electron emission barrier height.

Photon-mediated spin-polarized current in a quantum dot under thermal bias

Spin-polarized current generated by thermal bias across a system composed of a quantum dot （QD） connected to metallic leads is studied in the presence of magnetic and photon fields. The current of a certain spin orientation vanishes when the dot level is aligned to the lead＇s chemical potential, resulting in a 100% spin-polarized current. The spin-resolved current also changes its sign at the two sides of the zero points. By tuning the system＇s parameters, spin-up and spin-down currents with equal strength may flow in opposite directions, which induces a pure spin current without the accompany of charge current. With the help of the thermal bias, both the strength and the direction of the spin-polarized current can be manipulated by tuning either the frequency or the intensity of the photon field, which is beyond the reach of the usual electric bias voltage.

Photo-Induced Thermally Stimulated Depolarization Current (TSDC) in Natural and Synthetic Alexandrite (BeAl2O4:Cr3+)

The investigation of electrical properties in alexandrite (BeAl2O4:Cr3+) in synthetic and natural forms is presented in this paper. Alexandrite is a rare and precious mineral that changes color according to the light incident on it. In the synthetic form, it is used technologically as an active laser medium. The electrical characterization was obtained using the Thermally Stimulated Depolarization Current (TSDC) technique, an interesting tool to study the behavior of impurities in insulators. Alexandrite presented the electric dipole relaxation phenomenon, both in natural and in synthetic samples. It was possible to observe TSDC bands for the synthetic sample at around 170 K, and at around 175 K for the natural sample. Besides, photo-induced TSDC measurements were performed through the excitement of the samples by using a continuous wave argon laser. In addition, photoluminescence measurements were performed to verify in advance whether the laser light would be absorbed by the sample, and in order to complement the photo-induced TSDC measurements analysis. The results of photo-induced TSDC experiments have contributed to the understanding of the TSDC bands behavior: the results obtained with the technique suggest that there is an effective participation of Cr3+ ions in the formation of TSDC bands because they were more intense when the sample was exposed to the argon laser beam.

Current Situation of China's Thermal Power Generation Equipment & Its Development Perspective

1. The present manufacturing situation of China’s thermal power generation equipment By the year 1995. development of China’s electric power industry has experienced a course of a hundred years. Over a period of the initial 50 years. China’s development of electric power was slow. At the time of 1949, the total installed capacity in China was 1,850 MW and the electricity generated was only 4.3 billion kWh. During the past 46 years after 1949, her

光伏电池正向电流注入下的电流集边效应仿真分析

针对光伏电池在正向电流注入条件下,电极表面电流分布及电池表面温度分布情况,采用COMSOL Multiphysics仿真软件对光伏电池进行建模仿真。建立三维光伏电池模型,通过数值模拟光伏电池在大电流正向注入情况下的载流子输运过程,求解载流子电流密度沿主栅方向分布。仿真结果表明:由于电池片内部载流子的横向输运过程,细栅边缘处横向电流密度达到峰值,且总电流密度向细栅、主栅方向集中;随着外加电压的增大,电池片表面的温度也不断升高,且表面温度最高点集中在次主栅根部,理论求解出最大允许正向电压阈值。

具有组分梯度的HgCdTe探测器在激光测量中的潜在应用

该文将组分梯度引入HgCdTe探测器结构设计中,提出了一种可以降低PN结附近热激发载流子浓度的方法。建立暗电流机制模型,分析高温下暗电流成份,分析结果表明,降低热激发载流子浓度对结区的影响是提高器件工作温度的关键。利用组分梯度在PN结附近构建不同的电场,不同电场下样品暗电流和噪声电流随温度的变化曲线表明,构建的电场越强,降低结区附近热激发载流子浓度的效果越明显。通过数据分析,提出构建103 V/cm量级的组分梯度内建电场可抑制热激发载流子向结区的扩散运动,有效地降低结区附近热激发载流子浓度。

脉冲晶闸管热网络模型及运行状态评估方法

针对脉冲晶闸管承受强流脉冲导致的瞬态电磁热力联合冲击产生的热疲劳累积突发性失效问题,提出了在脉冲晶闸管内布置温度传感器的状态监测方法,建立了脉冲晶闸管的高阶瞬态热阻抗网络模型,分析了强流脉冲作用下脉冲晶闸管内部不同层的温度分布规律,并通过理论计算验证了分析方法的有效性。计算结果表明,热网络模型计算相对偏差小于5%。可为脉冲晶闸管型强流开关的状态评估提供理论指导。

汽轮发电机转子匝间短路对定子热响应特性的影响

本文分析了汽轮发电机转子匝间短路故障前后定子热响应特性,不仅考虑转子匝间短路引起电压下降对发电机强励动作的影响,还研究了热分布不平衡而引起的定子力学响应。首先推导了正常情况和转子匝间短路故障后加强励磁电流下的气隙磁通密度,得到了铁心损耗和绕组铜耗的解析表达式;然后建立了发电机故障前后的三维有限元仿真模型,对不同短路程度故障下的铁心损耗、绕组铜耗与定子温度进行了求解计算;最后实测了CS-5型故障模拟发电机在正常运行和不同短路程度故障下的定子温度,实验结果与理论分析、有限元仿真结果基本一致。结果表明,转子匝间短路故障后由于励磁电流的增强,发电机铁心损耗和绕组铜耗均会增加,定子温度明显上升,并且随着短路程度的增加而加剧;定子端面边缘位置的变形和应力幅值最大并且为热响应下的危险位置。

垂直洋流下500 kV海缆电热耦合场和载流量研究

发展海上风电是实现“双碳”目标的重要举措。直流海缆是海上风电输电工程的重要装置,而海缆稳态载流量等研究对推动远海风电大规模开发具有重要意义。近年来高压直流海缆稳态载流量的相关研究考虑海洋环境因素较为单一且未充分考虑绝缘层温差的限制。文中建立了500 kV直流海缆与海水系统的电-热-流耦合模型,研究了单根和双极海缆在不同敷设方式下垂直洋流(垂直于海缆长度方向流动的洋流)流速,考虑绝缘层温差限制、双极不同间距等对载流量的影响。结果表明,相较于仅考虑线芯温度70℃限制,综合考虑绝缘层温差20℃限制的载流量更小,且相较于其他敷设方式,直埋敷设时绝缘层温差20℃限制对载流量的影响更小;双极海缆的载流量随双极间距增大而增加,流速为0.1 m/s时涡旋对海缆载流量有较小的提升作用;在绝缘层温差为6℃附近,电场发生翻转。研究结果可为敷设方式的选择以及载流量的预测和评估提供重要指导和参考。

新型鸟喙式涡流发生器强化传热数值模拟

将仿生鸟喙式结构引入涡流发生器中,结合Fluent软件在Re=6000~26800范围内对其换热能力j、流动阻力f与综合热性能C_(PEC)变化规律进行研究。结果表明:鸟喙式涡流发生器是一种高换热低流阻的高效换热元件,在Re=13000时C_(PEC)较传统矩形翼提高62.35%。此外其综合热性能随着迎流攻角α的增大先增大后减小,在α=30°时达到最大,较空通道提高26.83%。增大斜截角度β是降低流动阻力的一种有效方式,β=24°的结构较无截角结构流阻f降低47.03%。

光敏活性剂含量对PSPI薄膜性能的影响

为探究光敏活性剂对光敏聚酰亚胺(PSPI)薄膜性能的影响,以2,2-二(3-氨基-4-羟基苯基)六氟丙烷(6FAP)、5-氨基-2-(4-氨基苯基)苯并咪唑(BIA)和3,3′,4,4′-二苯酮四酸二酐(BTDA)为单体,合成聚酰亚胺低聚物,与聚乙二醇二丙烯酸酯(PEG400DA)、交联剂和光引发剂混合,涂膜光固化后得到PSPI薄膜,探究光敏活性剂PEG400DA含量对PSPI薄膜的热性能、亲水性能、力学性能、导电性能以及结构的影响。结果表明,制备出了含有聚酰亚胺特征峰的薄膜,随着PEG400DA含量增加,红外特征峰强度增强;PEG400DA质量分数为4%时,热稳定性最优,初始失重温度为343.12℃;随着PEG400DA含量增加,亲水性逐渐降低;拉伸强度会随着PEG400DA含量的增加而增大,但断裂伸长率在PEG400DA质量分数为6%时,达到最高值,为17.73%;随着电场强度的增大,PEG400DA含量越高,电导电流增大,当PEG400DA质量分数为8%时,导电性过强,失去使用价值。综合来看,光敏活性剂质量分数为6%时,PSPI薄膜的性能最优。

脉冲电流下对AL6061合金进行熔孔止裂与愈合的仿真研究

Al6061铝合金常应用于航空航天领域蒙皮制造,因其中等硬度与低强度的弱点,在承受复杂载荷时容易出现微裂纹,进而影响服役安全可靠性。脉冲电流是一种极速、非平衡的金属材料微小裂纹修复工艺,可以克服该材料不易焊接修复的短板。在既有的实验基础上建立单边预制裂纹缺口模型,采用有限元仿真手段,进行了热-电-力三场耦合数值模拟,计算不同参数下裂纹区域的电场、温度场和应力场分布。使用“生死单元”法模拟止裂熔孔的产生,并获得了不同几何、物理参数下止裂熔孔尺寸变化的规律。结果表明:焦耳热形成的止裂熔孔降低裂尖的集中应力,抑制裂纹扩展,裂纹区域高温区与基体常温区形成温度梯度相互约束产生巨大的热压应力促使裂纹宽度减小,进而直至愈合;初始熔孔尺寸与裂纹长度成正比、与板厚成反比,最佳尺寸直径为0.1 mm以内;电流值和电流加载时间均能控制熔孔生长,电流值一定时,当时间达到0.12 s形成的熔孔尺寸超出最佳止裂尺寸范围。研究成果为特定金属材料的裂纹止裂与愈合提供了机理参考和仿真方法。

基于泄漏电流与热失重的盆式绝缘子活化能计算方法

盆式绝缘子作为气体绝缘金属封闭开关(GIS)的关键部件,长期受电热应力作用易发生绝缘缺陷与老化裂解,是GIS设备故障的主要原因之一。通过活化能表征可以有效地描述盆式绝缘子材料的劣化程度,因此开展盆式绝缘子劣化过程中活化能有效计算方法的研究具有重要意义。文中首先基于加速老化试验样本,开展热分析动力学研究,采用传统的热失重实验解析盆式绝缘子热解反应过程,并结合Flynn-WallOzawa法对盆式绝缘子的活化能进行计算;进一步地,建立基于泄漏电流计算电导活化能的方法,开展不同老化实验样本的电导活化能计算。最后与传统的Flynn-Wall-Ozawa法进行对比,分析发现两种方法的计算结果以及老化关联规律基本一致,进一步对两种方法在材料老化程度的表征手段与关联规律进行理论分析。上述研究为盆式绝缘子无损伤计算活化能的手段提供了理论指导与实验分析,有助于揭示盆式绝缘子的热解老化机理。

分布式电池系统热平衡控制设计

为实现电池系统的温度平衡,提出一种基于分布式的独立输入并联输出(IIPO)电池系统架构的热平衡控制方案。在该系统中,热平衡系统、输出电压控制系统相互结合。在放电操作阶段,通过调节功率转换器的占空比,将调节后的总线电压保持在期望值,并引入电流控制回路来调节每只电池的放电速率,将调节后的电池放电电流保持在期望值,从源头上控制电池产热,以实现热平衡。所提出的热平衡控制器不需要额外的平衡元器件,电池的热平衡会在系统运行期间实现。提出并讨论了控制方案及可行性,并给出概念验证实验样机的理论基础和结果分析,评估和验证热平衡控制器的操作性。