Entanglement in Three-Atom Tavis-Cummings Model Induced by a Thermal Field

The explicit form of the evolution operator for the three-atom Tavis-Cummings model is given. The atoms can be entangled through their interaction with a thermal field. The degree of entanglement depends on the mean photon number of the thermal field and the initial state of the atoms.

Pairwise thermal entanglement in a three-qubit Heisenberg XX model with a nonuniform magnetic field and Dzyaloshinski-Moriya interaction

Pairwise thermal entanglement in a three-qubit Heisenberg XX model is investigated when a nonuniform mag- netic field and the Dzyaloshinski-Moriya interaction are included. We find that the nonuniform magnetic field and Dzyaloshinski-Moriya interaction are the more efficient control parameters for the increase of entanglement and critical temperature. For both the nearest neighbour sites and the next nearest neighbour sites, the magnetic field can induce entanglement to a certain extent and the Dzyaloshinski-Moriya interaction can enhance the entanglement to a stable value. The steady value of the nearest neighbour site entanglement C12 is larger than the next nearest neighbour site entanglement C13. An interesting phenomenon is that the entanglement curve of C12 appears a peak value when the Dzyaloshinski-Moriya interaction is considered in a nonuniform magnetic field.

Thermal Entanglement in the Pure Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya Model with Magnetic Field

We investigate the effects of the directions of Dzyaloshinskii Moriya （DM） interaction and magnetic field on the thermal entanglement in the pure DM model. It is found that when the Hamiltonian is H1 = D. （σ1 ＋σ2） ＋B.σ1, the entanglement can reach its maximum if the directions of the magnetic field and the DM vector are parallel. In addition, when the Hamiltonian is H2 = D @ （σ1 σ2） ＋ B. （σ1 ＋ σ2）, if the directions of the magnetic field and the DM vector are perpendicular in a high magnetic field, or their directions are parMlel in a weak magnetic field, the entanglement can also reach its maximum. Thus the entanglement can be enhanced by adjusting the direction of the external magnetic field, and this is feasible within the current experimental technology.

Phase field modeling of the ring-banded spherulites of crystalline polymers: The role of thermal diffusion

The ring-banded spherulite is a special morphology of polymer crystals and has attracted considerable attention over recent decades. In this study, a new phase field model with polymer characteristics is established to investigate the emergence and formation mechanism of the ring-banded spherulites of crystalline polymers. The model consists of a nonconserved phase field representing the phase transition and a temperature field describing the diffusion of the released latent heat. The corresponding model parameters can be obtained from experimentally accessible material parameters.Two-dimensional calculations are carried out for the ring-banded spherulitic growth of polyethylene film under a series of crystallization temperatures. The results of these calculations demonstrate that the formation of ring-banded spherulites can be triggered by the self-generated thermal field. Moreover, some temperature-dependent characteristics of the ring-banded spherulites observed in experiments are reproduced by simulations, which may help to study the effects of crystallization temperature on the ring-banded structures.

Thermal entanglement in two-qutrit spin-1 anisotropic Heisenberg model with inhomogeneous magnetic field

The thermal entanglement of a two-qutrit spin-1 anisotropic Heisenberg XXZ chain in an inhomogeneous magnetic field is studied in detail. The effects of the external magnetic field （B）, a parameter b which controls the inhomogeneity of B, and the bilinear interaction parameters Jx = Jy ≠ Jz on the thermal variation of the negativity are studied in detail. It is found that negativity N decreases when the values of magnetic field, inhomogeneity b and temperature are increasing. In addition, N remains at higher temperatures for higher values of Jz and lower values of B and b.

Analysis on Thermal Current Field in Powertrain Cabin of Tracked Vehicles With Electric Transmission System Configuration-2

The electric transmission system congfiguration-2 is one of the main electric drives for tracked vehicles. The geometrical model for the power-train cabin is established and the preliminary design for its cooling system is implemented. The mathematic model is established for thermal current field computation, simulation and analysis in the powertrain cabin. The three-dimensional structure of the powertrain cabin is optimized. The validity of the cooling system design is proved. The foundation for optimizing the whole electric transmission system configuration is laid.

Effects of Staggered Magnetic Field on Entanglement in the Anisotropic XY Model

我们调查效果蹒跚磁性在各向异性的 XY 模型在热纠纷上删除。为二地点的案例的纠纷的分析结果被获得。为甚至地点的一般案例，我们证明当各向异性的参数是零时，在有一个蹒跚的磁场的 XY 模型的纠纷与一个一致磁场与那一样。

Effects of Different Spin-Spin Couplings and Magnetic Fields on Thermal Entanglement in Heisenberg XYZ Chain

有不同不同类的磁场的一个 two-qubit Heisenberg XYZ 模型的热纠纷上的纺纱纺纱相互作用的效果被调查。纠纷依赖于纺纱纺纱相互作用和不同类的磁场，这被显示出。越大 Ji (i 轴纺纱纺纱相互作用) ，越 higher 批评价值双性人(i 轴制服磁场) 有。而且在弱地的政体，，更大的 Ji 在强壮地的政体对应于更多的纠纷，不同 Ji 对应于一样的纠纷。另外，随 Ji 的增加，同时发生能为更小的双性人更快接近最大的价值，这被发现，并且能为更小的双性人到达更大的价值(i 轴不一致的磁场) 。我们能因此由增加纺纱纺纱相互作用 Ji，或由减少得到更多的纠纷一致磁场双性人和不一致的磁场双性人。

不同季节影响下复合道面力学响应分析

为了研究复合道面在不同季节时的力学响应,以中原地区某机场改造项目为项目背景,借助三维有限元软件,建立了道面有限元模型,分析了复合道面在温度影响下的力学响应,并与机场监测数据进行对比,验证了模型的准确性。研究发现:大气温度所能影响的道面深度范围在0.56 m以内,和大气温度相比,道面面层温度峰值远大于气温峰值;道面内部不同结构层之间温度变化趋势相同,随着道面深度的加深,温度峰值逐渐递减,并且出现时间具有延迟现象;在不同季节,道面在相同机型作用下所产生的变形不同,说明温度对于道面的受力是有影响的,其中混凝土层在冬季时所产生的应变值比夏季所产生的减少约74%,变化比较明显。

花岗岩侵位后的热应力时空演化及其影响因素

花岗岩与岩浆热液型矿床、油气成藏等有密切的成因关系。高温岩浆侵位到较冷的围岩中会形成岩浆热场和热应力,但热应力的大小和其影响范围尚缺乏系统研究。随着岩浆热耗散、与周围地层达到热平衡后,热应力会逐渐消失,因而数值模拟是定量研究岩浆热应力的常见方法之一。以往模拟岩浆热应力时往往采用岩石在常温下的线性热膨胀系数,但这与高温下岩石线性热膨胀系数存在较大差距。文章利用FLAC3D软件模拟花岗质岩浆侵位至上地壳范围内引起的热应力。求解物理方程包括热传导方程与线性热弹性本构方程,其中热场可通过温度差和线性热膨胀系数改变应力场,但应力场的变化不影响热场(即热场与应力场的单向耦合)。通过一系列数值模拟实验考察围岩岩性(花岗岩或碳酸盐岩)、杨氏模量、热学参数和岩浆侵位深度如何影响岩浆在上覆围岩产生的热应力。数值实验结果表明:岩石热传导系数通过传热快慢影响热应力的变化;围岩的杨氏模量越大,热应力也越大;由于花岗岩的平均杨氏模量大于碳酸盐岩,所以围岩为花岗岩时产生的热应力要高于碳酸盐岩;围岩无论是花岗岩还是碳酸盐岩,其在高温条件下的线性热膨胀系数比常温时高约1个数量级,产生的热应力最高可达100 MPa。花岗岩浆侵位后,围岩温度逐渐升高,对应的热应力不断增大;随着与岩浆房距离的增大,热应力不断减小,影响范围为岩浆房上方2 km以内;侵位深度浅的岩浆房冷却较快,其产生的热应力更有利于上覆围岩裂隙的形成和扩展。综合数值模拟结果可知,岩浆侵位所产生的热应力可影响岩体2 km内的应力场,这一局部存在且短瞬的热应力促使围岩破裂,为热液流体成矿提供运移通道或容矿空间。

西安地区开放式办公建筑夏季人体热舒适调查研究

以西安地区6栋典型开放式办公建筑为研究对象,通过热环境参数测试和主观问卷调查相结合的方式进行了现场调研,分析了实际办公建筑中人员的热舒适需求,并将调研结果与现有标准及其他气候区现场研究进行了对比。结果显示,西安地区夏季办公建筑受访者的中性温度为25.4℃,偏好温度比中性温度低0.2℃,80%可接受温度上限为28.2℃。

航发主轴球轴承喷油润滑热场分析及试验研究

针对航发主轴三点接触球轴承高速运转时容易引起轴承烧伤问题,采用局部法建立轴承生热模型。基于流体两相流理论和耦合传热原理,建立轴承流固耦合模型,分析转速、供油量等对流场以及轴承温度的影响。利用航发球轴承试验机开展轴承温升试验,并对仿真结果进行验证。结果表明:随着供油量的增加,轴承外圈的油量显著增加,轴承温度下降;当供油量达到1.2 L/min时,继续增加供油量冷却效果减弱;随着转速增加,轴承腔内油液减少,轴承内外圈温度均增大且内圈增幅比外圈大;随着轴向载荷增加,轴承内外圈温度均增大。试验结果与仿真计算最大误差为10.27%,验证了模型的合理性。

锂离子电池失控机理模拟

锂离子电池由于存在热失控风险,安全性不能得到保障,在实际应用中仍存在局限。因此,了解热失控触发后电池的温度场变化规律,分析影响温度变化的因素是很有必要的。使用ANSYS FLUENT对锂离子电池进行模拟,建立了单体锂离子电池三维瞬态生热模型,通过模拟发电端不稳定导致的不同充放电波动功率输入下电池的温度场变化来研究电池内部热扩散规律;模拟锂离子电池局部内短路触发热失控后的温度场变化来分析热扩散规律。结果表明,锂离子电池的温度和壁面热流密度随输入电流的波动而波动。锂离子电池局部内短路触发后,热失控沿着电极纵向扩展的速率大于沿径向向外扩散的速率,增加对流换热系数能有效降低电池温度升温速率和幅度,降低电池触发热失控的可能性。研究热扩散规律对于实际应用中预测热失控、提高安全性、改善电池冷却工艺等提供了研究依据。

基于水-热耦合模型的多年冻土隧道隔热层厚度优化研究

为了使多年冻土隧道围岩保持冻结状态,经常选择在隧道衬砌结构中铺设保温隔热层的方法以防止围岩产生冻融破坏。保温隔热层的厚度是影响多年冻土隧道结构的稳定性和工程经济的一个重要参数。针对这一问题,建立了考虑渗流和冰水相变的水-热耦合模型,并将该模型嵌入COMSOL Multiphysics数值软件中加以应用。以青海省某隧道为研究对象,对该隧道洞口段保温隔热层厚度的优化设计进行研究。结果表明:隧道仰拱位置被确定为优化设计的不利位置,隧道开挖在第1年的5月23日温度达到最高,被确定为优化设计的不利时间;不利位置处的最高温度随保温隔热层厚度的增加而下降,通过拟合公式计算出最优隔热层厚度为7.2 cm;在最优保温隔热层厚度下隧道衬砌背后围岩温度均处于0℃以下,不会产生冻融破坏。隧道在设计隔热结构时采用7.2 cm的隔热层厚度提高了围岩隧道结构的稳定性。

Numerical analysis of thermal process in continuous drive radial friction welding

A heat source model for radial friction welding was proposed, which was determined by friction pressure, friction coefficient, material properties and extrusion speed of material. A 3D model was established to analyze the continuous drive radial friction welding temperature field of 45 steel pipe. The influences of friction pressure, friction time and rotation speed on the temperature of the friction interface were analyzed. The results showed that the temperature on the friction interface rapidly rose to a peak temperature in initial friction stage and kept constant in the stable friction stage. Welding parameters of friction pressure, friction time and rotation speed had few influences on the peak temperature, while the increase of frlctlon pressure and rotation speed could shorten the time to reach the peak temperature.

Gap Equations and Effective Potentials at Finite Temperature and Chemical Potential in D—Dimensional Four—Fermion Models

We have proven the general relations between the gap equations obeyed by dynamical fermion mass and thecorresponding effective potentials at finite temperature and chemical potential in D-dimensional four-fermion interactionmodels. This gives an easy approach to get effective potentials directly from the gap equations. We find out explicitexpressions for the effective potentials at zero temperature in the cases of D = 2,3, and 4 for practical use.

基于接触摩擦模型汽车盘式制动器场分布分析

汽车制动器制动过程中温度场、应力场等相互耦合,对系统的可靠性具有重要影响。针对应广泛的盘式制动器开展研究,根据制动原理,对影响会制动的关键参数进行分析,并根据车型参数进行验证。采用接触摩擦模型,对制动器的盘、片的热力耦合特性进行分析,建立数学模型,并采用ABAQUS建立仿真模型。选取紧急制动工况,设置制动初速度,获取各种特性参数场的分布规律,并对热力耦合特性进行分析;搭建盘式制动器性能分析台架,选取相同的紧急制动参数,获取整个制动规程中温度变化规律。结果可知:制动盘片接触的过程为非均匀接触,峰值压力为27.47MPa,最高接触应力为123.2MPa,均满足材料强度的使用要求;试验测试结果最高温度为562℃,出现在整个制动过程的结束前0.9s;仿真与试验测试温度变化趋势一致,且误差小于5%,表明摩擦接触模型分析结果是可靠的,为此类研究提供参考。

Propagators for Scalar Bound States at Finite Temperature in an NJL Model

We re-examine physical causal propagators for scalar and pseudoscalar bound states at finite temperaturein a chiral Ut(1) x UR(1) NJL model, defined by four-point amputated fimctions subtracted through the gap equation,and prove that they are completely equivalent in the imaginary-time and real-time formalisms by separating carefiullythe imaginary part of the zero-temperature loop integral. It is shown that the same thermal transformation matrix ofthe matrix propagators for these bound states in the real-time formalism is precisely the one of the matrix propagatorfor an elementary scalar particle and this fact shows the similarity of thermodynamic property between a composite andelementary scalar particle. The retarded and advanced propagators for these bound states are also given explicitly fromthe imaginary-time formalism.

温度耦合驱动下土壤–地下水有机污染物迁移规律与模拟研究进展

场地土壤–地下水有机污染空间分布受温度场、水动力场、化学场和生物场等多场控制。明晰有机污染物在土壤–地下水系统中的空间分布规律和驱动机制,定量模拟污染迁移过程,是有效开展污染控制与修复的前提。在众多的影响因素中,温度通过改变有机污染物的理化性质及多相流、化学/生物作用驱动参数,进而影响其在土水介质中的迁移及空间分布。本文综述了有机污染物理化性质(密度、黏度、溶解度)和有机污染化学/生物驱动(挥发、吸附和生物降解)关键参数与温度之间的解析关系,及考虑温度影响的土壤–地下水中有机污染传质过程模拟的研究进展,并针对目前模拟研究的不足提出了耦合温度场的土壤–地下水有机污染物迁移数学模型,为定量探究温度耦合驱动下的有机污染物迁移转化过程和规律提供参考。

基于FEMAG软件的300CM单晶硅热场特征仿真

为获取最优单晶硅生长参数,利用FEMAG软件完成300CM单晶硅热场特征的模拟。应用FEMAG软件的Furgeo、Crygeo模块获取炉体、晶体的几何结构。利用IniMesh得到热场的总体几何结构,通过GemMesh模块划分热场总体几何结构网格,并通过设定具体参数获取最优非结构网格,根据已经确定的材料基础数量、晶体原理位置和熔体自由表面位置建立热场模型,仿真分析300CM单晶硅热场特征。实验结果表明:300CM单晶硅熔体在水平磁场下的流动具有三维非对称性;拉速几乎不影响单晶硅熔体热场分布;加强型热屏影响下热场的各种固液界面形状变化最小、最平坦,熔体在纵向温度梯度上的变化量最少;坩埚转速加快不影响固液界面的温度梯度。