Influence of thermal flow field of cooling tower on recirculation ratio of a direct air-cooled system for a power plant

In order to get thermal flow field of direct air-cooled system,the hot water was supplied to the model of direct air-cooled condenser(ACC). The particle image velocimetery (PIV) experiments were carried out to get thermal flow field of a ACC under different conditions in low velocity wind tunnel,at the same time,the recirculation ratio at cooling tower was measured,so the relationship between flow field characteristics and recirculation ratio of cooling tower can be discussed. From the results we can see that the flow field configuration around cooling tower has great effects on average recirculation ratio under cooling tower. The eddy formed around cooling tower is a key reason that recirculation produces. The eddy intensity relates to velocity magnitude and direction angle,and the configuration of eddy lies on the geometry size of cooling tower. So changing the flow field configuration around cooling tower reasonably can decrease recirculation ratio under cooling tower,and heat dispel effect of ACC can also be improved.

Flow Field and Thermal Analysis of the Divertor Target Plate for HL-2A Tokamak

In the initial phase of the physics experiment, the double-null divertor plates used consist of graphite armor tiles, Mo-alloy intermediate layers and Cu-alloy coolant tubes. In the later operating phase, tungsten will be used as armor tiles. A multi-physical field numerical analysis method is used in this paper. Its analysis model reflects more realistically the real divertor structure than other models. Two-dimensional （2D） and three-dimensional （3D） fluid flow field, temperature distribution and thermal stress analyses of the divertor plates are carried out by the ANSYS code. During the physics experimental phase with a heat flux of 1 MW/m2, a coolant velocity of 5.48 m/s, and a thermal stress of 750 kg/cm2, the graphite armor tiles successfully meet the requirements of temperature, thermal stress and sputtering erosion. The tungsten armor will be considered as a second candidate. The result of simulation can be used for upgrading the design parameters of the HL-2A poloidal divertor.

Present Geothermal Fields of the Dongpu Sag in the Bohai Bay Basin

The Dongpu sag is located in the south of the Bohai Bay basin,China,and has abundant oil and gas reserves.To date,there has been no systematic documentation of its geothermal fields.This study measured the rock thermal conductivity of 324 cores from 47 wells,and calculated rock thermal conductivity for different formations.The geothermal gradient and terrestrial heat flow were calculated for 192 wells on basis of 892 formation-testing data from 523 wells.The results show that the Dongpu sag is characterized by a medium-temperature geothermal field between stable and active tectonic areas,with an average geothermal gradient of 32.0℃/km and terrestrial heat flow of 65.6 mW/m2.The geothermal fields in the Dongpu sag is significantly controlled by the Changyuan,Yellow River,and Lanliao basement faults.They developed in the Paleogene and the Dongying movement occurred at the Dongying Formation depositional period.The geothermal fields distribution has a similar characteristic to the tectonic framework of the Dongpu sag,namely two subsags,one uplift,one steep slope and one gentle slope.The oil and gas distribution is closely associated with the present geothermal fields.The work may provide constraints for reconstructing the thermal history and modeling source rock maturation evolution in the Dongpu sag.

Characteristics of Nanofluids over a Non-Linearly Stretched Sheet under the Influence of Thermal Radiation and Magnetic Field

Recent studies carried out in terms of viscous flow and heat transfer of nano-fluids on the non-linear sheets. In this paper, detailed studies to understand the characteristics such as viscous flow and heat transfer of nano-fluids under the influence of thermal radiation and magnetic fields are studied using Keller-Box method. Various governing parameters affecting the viscous flow and heat transfers are drawn based on quantitative results. The raise in temperature affected the velocity to a negative value;however, the same observation was made even for the increasing magnetic field. The impact of radiation parameter is proportional seems to be proportional to temperature and it is observed to be inversely proportional with concentration.

Thermal Radiation Effect on the MHD Turbulent Compressible Boundary Layer Flow with Adverse Pressure Gradient, Heat Transfer and Local Suction

The combined effect of magnetic field, thermal radiation and local suction on the steady turbulent compressible boundary layer flow with adverse pressure gradient is numerically studied. The magnetic field is constant and applied transversely to the direction of the flow. The fluid is subjected to a localized suction and is considered as a radiative optically thin gray fluid. The Reynolds Averaged Boundary Layer (RABL) equations with appropriate boundary conditions are transformed using the compressible Falkner Skan transformation. The nonlinear and coupled system of partial differential equations (PDEs) is solved using the Keller box method. For the eddy-kinematic viscosity the Baldwin Lomax turbulent model and for the turbulent Prandtl number the extended Kays Crawford model are used. The numerical results show that the flow field can be controlled by the combined effect of the applied magnetic field, thermal radiation, and localized suction, moving the separation point, xs , downstream towards the plate’s end, and increasing total drag, D . The combined effect of thermal radiation and magnetic field has a cooling effect on the fluid at the wall vicinity. The combined effect has a greater influence in the case of high free-stream temperature.

玄云SW120B航空发动机尾流热流场数值分析

以玄云SW120B航空发动机为研究对象,在纯气相作用和发动机慢车状态下,对尾部热流场进行建模和数值模拟,通过分析尾部温度场和流场特性,得到温度和流速的分布及变化规律。在喷口端面中心建立坐标系,研究结果显示:尾流出口处热流的温度和流速呈三维锥体分布,以喷口为中心向外扩散,流体远离喷口0.6 m处开始呈现偏离中心轴向的趋势。尾流高温区域为:z<0.9 m,y<0.5 m,温度范围为569~976 K。低温区域为:z>2.5 m,y>0.6 m,最高温度不超过323 K。尾流高流速区域为:z<0.2 m,y<0.2 m,流速范围为77~100 m/s。低流速区域为:z>0.9 m,y>0.2 m,最高流速不超过20 m/s。人体安全区距离为:z>2.5 m,y>0.5 m。研究方法可为大型民航发动机尾流热流场分析和发动机慢车下的地面除冰作业安全区域划分提供参考。

单向流水域蘑菇头式排水口热扩散特性三维数值模拟

由于蘑菇头排水口近区温排水受排水射流、环境流和密度流多因素协同驱动,输移扩散规律较复杂,理清蘑菇头式排水口近区水力及热力特性对指导工程设计具有重要意义。采用三维数值模拟方法,研究单向流环境水域蘑菇头式排水口(四面开窗)近区三维水力和热力特性,结果表明:随着单向流流速的增大,各窗口排出的温排水向单向流下游方向的偏移程度逐渐增大;逆单向流方向窗口排出的水流受单向流顶冲影响显著,流量随着单向流流速的增大而减小,减小的流量主要通过垂直于单向流方向的两个窗口排出,顺单向流方向窗口的流量对单向流的响应并不敏感;随着单向流流速的增大,顺单向流方向窗口射流逐渐由向水面的“上喷射”流态转变为向海床的“下扫掠”流态;各窗口温排水的温升分布随着流速比增大,先汇合后逐渐呈“元宝”形;单向流流速增加能有效减小1.0℃温升水体积。

海洋盐度对水下航行器热尾流行为的影响

针对海洋中的盐度环境对于水下航行器热尾流浮升扩散的影响,本文基于重叠网格技术,建立了水下航行器热尾流三维模型,分别对热尾流在均匀盐度与分层盐度环境下的浮升扩散过程进行了数值模拟,采用浮频率数表征盐度环境特征,研究了海洋盐度对于热尾流的影响。结果表明:盐度分层环境对潜艇冷却水浮升具有明显抑制作用,该环境下海面温度特征随盐度梯度的增大而减弱。

基于双向热膨胀流的MEMS陀螺敏感机理分析

提出一种新型的基于双向热膨胀流的微机电系统(MEMS)陀螺的基本结构并揭示了其敏感机理,采用有限元方法及利用COMSOL建立三维模型,对双向热膨胀流陀螺敏感元件的温度场进行了计算。结果表明,基于双向热膨胀流的陀螺具有陀螺效应,当输入功率为70 mW,输入角速度为-25~25 rad/s时,陀螺的温度灵敏度为1.577 K·(rad/s)^(-1),灵敏度为0.064 V·(rad/s)^(-1),非线性度为6.855%。该陀螺具有灵敏度高,抑制交叉耦合小和结构简单等特点,可用于电子设备、航天和医学仪器等领域。

Thermoelastic stability of closed cylindrical shell in supersonic gas flow

In this paper the problem of linear stability of a closed cylindrical shell under the action of both non-uniform temperature field and supersonic gas flow is considered.The stability conditions for the unperturbed state of the aerothermoelastic system are obtained.It is shown that,by the combined action of the temperature field and the ambient supersonic flow,the process of linear stability can be controlled and the temperature field affects significantly the critical flutter speed.

郴州市许家洞地区地热资源特征及资源量评价

为查明郴州市地下热水资源的特征及储量,本文选取许家洞地区两个典型地热田,通过地热地质调查、水质测试等方法调查了研究区的地质条件、地热流体场特征、地下热水水化学类型。基于上述研究开展了许家洞地区地热资源储量的分析评价。研究结果表明:(1)区内地下热水受断裂构造控制,是入渗地下水沿着断裂构造在深部循环过程中吸收隐伏岩体中的热能形成的;(2)地下热水水化学类型主要为HCO_(3)-Ca型、HCO_(3)-Ca·Na型或HCO_(3)·SO_(4)-Ca·Mg型,为低温、无色透明的弱碱性水;(3)热水的主要补给来源为大气降水,水分入渗后主要沿区内发育的北东向断裂构造(F24、F7、F25、F8)运移到一定深度,地下水逐渐增温变成地下热水,在断裂交汇处沿着不均匀发育的岩溶裂隙系统向上运移,以温泉形式出露于地表;(4)研究区地下热水每年可提供热能约3.23×10^(8)MJ,每年可节约标准煤资源约1.18×10^(4)t。该研究成果对郴州市地热资源的合理开发利用具有重要指导意义。

SOLITON-LIKE THERMAL SOURCE FORCING AND SINGULAR RESPONSE OF ATMOSPHERE AND OCEANS TO IT

Nonlinear dynamic study is undertaken of the response of atmospheric and oceanic flow fields to local thermal source forcing in the context of a generalized geophysical fluid dynamic barotropic quasi_geostrophic model, discovering a good relation between thermal disturbance and flow field response to it, both having similar modes, and that the soliton_like responding field is a great deal larger in extent than the analogous_form forcing field, which implies that a 'narrow' thermal disturbance can excite a 'wide' response field, in some cases the particular structure of a thermal source may give rise to singular response of atmospheric and oceanic flow fields, thus displaying their abnormalities (for example the blocking situation in the atmosphere), the atmospheric and oceanic stream fields at mid_high latitudes respond to thermal forcing in a much more pronounced manner compared to those at low latitudes. The said research results that is in agreement with studies from mid_low latitude atmospheric experiments and observations and can be used to partially interpret the circulation singularity due to heat source anomaly on a local basis in the context of earch fluid flows.

Thermal structure about southwest sub-basin of South China Sea

There are some factors, such as the topographic relief, sedimentary thickness and thermal conductivity, magmatic activity and thermal cooling, influencing the seafloor heat flow and the evolution of lithosphere structure in southwest sub-basin （SWSB）, South China Sea. On the base of the geological structure characteristic of SWSB this paper will discuss some other factors including thermal anomaly area, dike produced by magma intrusion and lithosphere relief, by modeling and calculating. Calculating results indicate partial areas where temperature is higher than vicinity in the lithosphere, which we call thermal anomaly here containing thermal anomaly area and dike in this paper, could decrease heat flow below, increase above, and gradually increase to two sides; heat flow in upwelling parts of lithosphere is usually higher than sinking parts, and in the middle is of a gradual transition.

Numerical Study of Axial Magnetic Effects on a Turbulent Thermal Plasma Jet for Nanopowder Production Using 3D Time-Dependent Simulation

3D time-dependent simulations are performed using a computational method suitable for thermal plasma flows to capture a turbulent field induced by a thermal plasma jet and steep gradients in nanopowder distributions. A mathematical model with a simple form is developed to describe effectively simultaneous processes of growth and transport of nanopowder in/around a thermal plasma flow. This growth-transport model obtains the spatial distributions of the number density and mean diameter of nanopowder with a lower computational cost. The results show that an argon thermal plasma jet induces multi-scale vortices even far from itself. A double-layer structure of high-temperature thicker vortex rings surrounded by low-temperature thinner vortex rings is generated in the upstream region. As the vortex rings flow downstream, the high-temperature thicker vortex rings deform largely whereas the low-temperature thinner vortex rings break up?into smaller vortices. Nanopowder is generated at the fringe of plasma and transported widely outside the plasma region. The nanopowder grows up collectively by coagulation decreasing particle number as well as homogeneous nucleation and heterogeneous condensation. When a uniform magnetic field is applied in the axial direction, a longer and straighter thermal plasma jet is obtained because of Lorentz force and Joule heating. Larger nanopowder is produced around the plasma because turbulent diffusions of silicon vapor and nanoparticles by vortices are suppressed as well.

Thermoelastic Stability of Closed Cylindrical Shell in Supersonic Gas Flow

In a linear framework,the problem of stability of closed cylindrical shell is briefly discussed.The cylindrical shell is immersed in a supersonic gas flow and under the influence of temperature field varying along the thickness.An unperturbed uniform velocity flow field,directed along the short edges of the shell,is applied.Due to the inhomogeneity of the temperature field distribution across the thickness shell buckling instability occurs.This instability accounts for the deformed shape of the shell,to be referred as the unperturbed state.Stability conditions and boundary for the unperturbed state of the system under consideration are presented following the basic theory of aero-thermo-elasticity.The stability boundary depends on the variables characterizing the flow speed,the temperature at the middle plane of the shell and the temperature gradient in the direction normal to that plane.It is shown that the combined effect of the temperature field and flowing stream regulates the process of stability,and the temperature field can significantly change the flutter critical speed.

高速磁场调制式磁齿轮流场及温度场分析

高速磁场调制式磁齿轮工作时,永磁体和调磁块中会产生较大的涡流损耗和风摩擦损耗。为了研究高速磁齿轮小间隙内的流场和温度场,以一台内转子转速为16500 r/min,外转子转速为-3000 r/min的磁齿轮为研究对象,针对磁齿轮小间隙,考虑自然对流换热和强迫风冷换热两种情况,采用计算流体动力学(CFD)方法进行了流场及温度场计算。结果表明,仅仅依靠自然对流换热,永磁体会因温度过高而失磁;引入强迫风冷后,永磁体温度能控制在402.98 K(129.83℃)以内;并给出了轴向风速为15~30 m/s时沿轴向分布的对流换热系数曲线。研究结果为磁场调制式磁齿轮的热设计提供了参考依据。

基于FEMAG软件的300CM单晶硅热场特征仿真

为获取最优单晶硅生长参数,利用FEMAG软件完成300CM单晶硅热场特征的模拟。应用FEMAG软件的Furgeo、Crygeo模块获取炉体、晶体的几何结构。利用IniMesh得到热场的总体几何结构,通过GemMesh模块划分热场总体几何结构网格,并通过设定具体参数获取最优非结构网格,根据已经确定的材料基础数量、晶体原理位置和熔体自由表面位置建立热场模型,仿真分析300CM单晶硅热场特征。实验结果表明:300CM单晶硅熔体在水平磁场下的流动具有三维非对称性;拉速几乎不影响单晶硅熔体热场分布;加强型热屏影响下热场的各种固液界面形状变化最小、最平坦,熔体在纵向温度梯度上的变化量最少;坩埚转速加快不影响固液界面的温度梯度。

某越野车发动机舱热管理分析与改进

针对某款越野车发动机舱冷却系统性能不足的问题,采用了一种以三维仿真为主、一维仿真为辅的分析方法,进行了发动机舱热管理分析与改进设计。通过三维仿真,对发动机舱进行了流场与温度场分析,找出了发动机舱内的高温热害部位;通过一维仿真,得到了发动机的出水温度和中冷器热端的出风温度,计算出了相应的ATD值和中冷常数。在此基础上,采用了加装导流板的改进方案,降低了中冷常数。仿真结果显示:发动机舱内中冷器上方区域存在明显的热回流情况,导致中冷常数偏高。加装导流板后,中冷器的进风量有所增加,回流量有所减少,中冷常数从28℃降低到21.31℃。这为该款越野车型的研发提供了技术支持,缩短了研发周期。

苏南现代化建设示范区现今地温场特征及影响因素

苏南现代化建设示范区隶属于下扬子陆块,区内主要包含有苏北坳陷、中部隆起、苏南坳陷、南通—太湖隆起等构造单元。通过分析该区39口地热井测温数据并结合前人的研究成果,对研究区地温梯度、深部地温和大地热流分布特征进行剖析,并分析地温场的主要影响因素包括地质构造、岩石热导率、盖层厚度和火山岩体。结果表明苏南地区地温梯度范围为14.9~26.5℃/km,平均值为21.3℃/km,大地热流值介于51.0~73.5 mW/m^(2)之间,平均值为64.2 mW/m^(2);研究区地温梯度、深部地温和大地热流分布均表现出凹凸分布的特征,隆起区高于坳陷区,钻孔存在地温梯度分段现象,热导率高的地层地温梯度较热导率低的地层小。

再入体碳基防热材料烧蚀流场红外辐射模拟

烧蚀效应是高超声速飞行器目标特性分析评估中的重要问题之一。基于高温反应气体动力学方程与辐射输运方程,建立了飞行器表面防热材料热化学烧蚀流场及其红外辐射特性的计算模型和方法。以钝锥体弹头外形及其表面防热材料碳-碳为对象,研究了材料烧蚀效应对再入目标流场红外辐射特性的影响,分析了再入体烧蚀流场及尾流在不同波段红外辐射的分布特征和变化规律。研究发现:典型状态计算结果与试验测量及文献预测结果一致,表明烧蚀流场及红外辐射模型和方法的可行性;材料热化学烧蚀现象对再入流场红外辐射特性产生严重影响,使3~8μm波段尾流积分辐射强度增加一个量级以上,并随着尾流长度增加而增大;烧蚀流场红外辐射主要来自CO、NO和CO_(2)等化学组分,烧蚀对1~3μm波段流场红外辐射影响相对较弱;再入速度不变情况下,烧蚀流场在3~8μm波段红外辐射强度随再入高度降低而增强;再入高度不变情况下,烧蚀流场在同样波段红外辐射强度随着再入速度减小而减弱。