Preparation of ferromagnetic binary alloy fine fibers by organic gel-thermal reduction process

Ferromagnetic metal fibers with a high aspect ratio (length/diameter) are attractive for use as high performance electromagnetic interference shielding materials. Ferromagnetic binary alloy fine fibers of iron-nickel, iron-cobalt and cobalt-nickel were prepared by the organic gel-thermal reduction process from the raw materials of critic acid and metal salts. These alloy fibers synthesized were featured with a diameter of about 1 μm and a length as long as 1 m. The structure, thermal decomposition process and morphologies of the gel precursors and fibers derived from thermal reduction of the gel precursors were characterized by FTIR, XRD, TG/DSC and SEM. The gel spinnability largely depends on the molecular structure of metal- carboxylates formed during the gel formation. The gel consisting of linear-type structural molecules shows good spinnability.

Thermal stability and luminescence properties of 1,10-phenanthroline-tris (m-methylbenzoate) europium (or terbium) complexes in SiO_2 gel

Silica gel luminophors containing 1, 10-phenanthroline-tris(M-Methylbenzoate) europium (or terbium) com- plexes were prepared bysol-gel method. The thermal decomposition, excitation and emissionspectra for the gel phos- phors were measured and compared with thatof solid complex powders. The thermal stability of the complexes wasen- hanced in SiO_2 host matrix and the luminescence intensityremained unchanged.

Metal Fe,Ni and Fe-Ni Fine Fibers Derived from the Organic Gel-Thermal Reduction Process

The organic gel-thermal reduction process was successfully used for the preparation of magnetic metal Ni, Fe, Fe-Ni fine fibers from raw materials of citric acid or lactic acid and metal salts. Ni, Fe and Fe-Ni fine fibers synthesized were featured with diameters of around 1 μm and lengths of as long as 2 m for Ni fibers, 0.5 m for iron fibers, 1 m for Fe-Ni fibers. The structure, thermal decomposition process and morphologies of the gel precursors and fibers derived from thermal reduction of these gel precursors were characterized by FTIR, XRD,TG/DSC and SEM, respectively. The gel spinnability largely depends on molecular structures of metal-carboxylate complexes formed in the gel. It is reasoned that these gels consist of linear-type structural molecules [（C6H6O7）Ni]n or [（C6H5O7）2Ni3] for the nickel citrate gel, [（C3H5O3）3Fe] for the ferric lactate gel, [（C6H5O7）5（NiFe）3] for the iron-nickel citrate gel respectively and the gels obtain showed a good spinning performance.

Preparation of ferromagnetic metal fine fibers by organic gel-thermal reduction process

The organic gel-thermal reduction process was used for the preparation of ferromagnetic metal Ni, Co and Fe fine fibers from the raw materials of citric acid, lactic acid and metal salts. The structure, thermal decomposition process and morphologies of the gel precursors and fibers derived from thermal reduction of these gel precursors were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermo-gravimetric/differential scanning calorimetry and scanning electron microscopy. The results show that spinnability of gel largely depends on molecular structure of metal-carboxylate complex that is a linear-type structure formed in the gel. As a result, the gels exhibit a good spinnability. Metal Ni, Co and Fe fine fibers are featured with diameters of around 1 μm and a high aspect ratio up to 1×106.

Structures and magnetic properties of nanocomposite CoFe_2O_4-BaTiO_3 fibers by organic gel-thermal decomposition process

The nanocomposite xCoFe2O4-(1-x)BaTiO3(x=0.2,0.3,0.4,0.5,molar fraction) fibers with fine diameters and high aspect ratios(length to diameter ratios) were prepared by the organic gel-thermal decomposition process from citric acid and metal salts.The structures and morphologies of gel precursors and fibers derived from thermal decomposition of the gel precursors were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,X-ray diffractometry and scanning electron microscopy.The magnetic properties of the nanocomposite fibers were measured by vibrating sample magnetometer.The nanocomposite fibers consisting of ferrite(CoFe2O4) and perovskite(BaTiO3) are formed at the calcination temperature of 900 ℃ for 2 h.The average grain sizes of CoFe2O4 and BaTiO3 in the nanocomposite fibers increase from 25 to 65 nm with the calcination temperature from 900 to 1 180 ℃.The single fiber constructed from these nanograins of CoFe2O4 and BaTiO3 has a necklace-like morphology.The saturation magnetization of the nanocomposite 0.4CoFe2O4-0.6BaTiO3 fibers increases with the increase of CoFe2O4 grain size,while the coercivity reaches a maximum value when the average grain size of CoFe2O4 is around the critical single-domain size of 45 nm obtained at 1 000 ℃.The saturation magnetization and remanence of the nanocomposite xCoFe2O4-(1-x)BaTiO3(x=0.2,0.3,0.4,0.5) fibers almost exhibit a linear relationship with the molar fraction of CoFe2O4 in the nanocomposites.

Synthesis of Nano-sized Yttria via a Sol-Gel Process Based on Hydrated Yttrium Nitrate and Ethylene Glycol and Its Catalytic Performance for Thermal Decomposition of NH_4ClO_4

Nano-sized yttria particles were synthesized via a non-aqueous sol-gel process based on hydrated yttrium nitrate and ethylene glycol. The effects of the molar ratio of ethylene glycol to yttrium ion and calcination temperature on crystallite size of the products were studied. The catalytic performance of the as-prepared yttria for the ammonium perchlorate （AP） decomposition was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry （DSC）. The results indicate that the nano-sized cubic yttria particles with less than 20 nm in average crystallite size can be obtained after 2 h reflux at 70℃, dried at 90 ℃, forming xerogel, and followed by annealing of xerogel for 2 h, and that the addition of the nano-sized yttria to AP incorporates two small exothermic peaks of AP in the temperature ranges of 310 - 350 ℃ and 400 - 470 ℃ into a strong exothermic peak of AP and increases the apparent decomposition heat from 515 to over 1110 J·g^- 1. It is also clear that the temperature of AP decomposition exothermic peak decreases and the apparent decomposition heat of AP increases with the increase of the amount of nano-sized yttria. The fact that the addition of the 5 % nano-sized yttria to AP decreases the temperature of AP exothermic peak to 337.7℃ by reduction of 114.6℃ and increases the apparent decomposition heat from 515 to 1240 J·g^-1, reveals that nano-sized yttria shows strong catalytic property for AP thermal decomposition.

Thermal Characteristics of Gel Grown Lanthanum Heptamolybdate crystals

Thermal characteristics of Ianthanum heptamolybdate crystals grown by gel technique, employing thermoanalytical techniques, viz. TG, DTA and DSC, are reported. It is established that the rare-earth lanthanum heptamolybdate crystals are associated with thirty water molecules;the composition being La2Mo7O24.3OH2O. It is shown that all the thirty water molecules associated with lanthanum heptamolybdate crystal are lost during its decomposition, leading to its anhydrous form. Results obtained on application of TG based models, viz. Horowitz-Metzger,Coats-Redfern and Piloyan-Novikova and of DSC based methods viz. Roger-Morris-Smith and Barret, regarding solid state reaction kinetics are also reported. The random nucleation model is shown to be the one that is relevant to the decomposition of lanthanum heptamolybdate. The kinetic parameters, viz.the order of reaction. frquency factor, energy of activation and entropy using above mentioned models are computed and shown to bear reasonably good agreement

Thermal aging behavior of high performance poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogel

The thermal aging behavior of poly （ vinyl alcohol ） （ PVA ） hydrogel was studied at four different temperatures of 40 ℃, 50 ℃, 60 ℃ and 70 ℃ in one year. The samples of PVA hydrogel were closely covered by plastic film. The changes of their chemical structures and physical properties during aging were measured through different measurable techniques including tensile testing, gel permeation chromatography （ GPC ）, viscosity analysis, and Fourier transform infrared （FTIR） spec- trum. The results showed that the molecular weight of PVA in hydrogel changed little with time and temperature. FTIR spectra of PVA in all the samples were similar to those of the original samples. The tensile strength of PVA hydrogel didn＇t change until the 330th days.

Thermal relaxation and mechanical relaxation of rice gel

Rice gel was prepared by simulating the production processes of Chinese local rice noodles,and the properties of thermal relaxation and mechanical relaxation during gelatinization were studied by differential scanning calorimetry(DSC) measurement and dynamic rheometer.The results show that during gelatinization,the molecular chains of rice starch undergo the thermal relaxation and mechanical relaxation.During the first heating and high temperature holding processes,the starch crystallites in the rice slurry melt,and the polymer chains stretch and interact,then viscoelastic gel forms.The cooling and low temperatures holding processes result in reinforced networks and decrease the viscoelasticity of the gel.During the second heating,the remaining starch crystallites further melt,the network is reinforced,and the viscoelasticity increases.The viscoelasticity,the molecular conformation and texture of the gel are adjusted by changing the temperature,and finally construct the gel with the textural characteristics of Chinese local rice noodle.

Synthesis, Characterization and Thermal Stability of CeO_2 Stabilized ZrO_2 Ultra Fine Nanoparticles Via a Sol-gel Route

CeO_2 stabilized ZrO_2 ultra fine nanoparticles were successfully synthesized via a simple and effective sol-gel synthetic approach by using zirconylchloride octahydrate, cerium nitrate hexahydrate, and citric acid as starting materials. A series of techniques, including X-ray diffraction（XRD）, thermogravimetry（TG）, differential scanning calorimetry（DSC）, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy（FTIR）, transmission electron microscopy（TEM）, and N_2-sorption analysis, were used to characterize the structure and morphology of the asprepared samples. XRD studies indicate that the as-synthesized sample is of well crystallized tetragonal phase of CeO_2 stabilized ZrO_2 with high purity. TEM images show that the as-synthesized sample is composed of a large number of fine dispersive nanoparticles with an average size about 10 nm. The as-synthesized tetragonal CeO_2 stabilized ZrO_2 sample was heated at different temperatures in order to evaluate its thermal stability. The exprimental results reveal that the as-synthesized tetragonal CeO_2 stabilized ZrO_2 sample exhibits excellent stability without the occurrence of phase transformation.

Thermal Stability and Luminescence Properties of Eu^(3+) and Tb^(3+) Complexes with a Silica Matrix by Sol-Gel Method

Ternary complexes of europium and terbium with benzoic acid and 1, 10 phenanthroline [RE(BA) 3phen] (BA=benzoate phen=1,10 phenanthroline) were introduced into a silica matrix by sol gel method. The thermal stability and luminescence behavior of the complexes in silica gels were studied in comparison with the corresponding solid state complexes by thermal decomposition, excitation and emission spectra. The thermal stability of the complexes is enhanced in silica gel matrix and the luminescence remaines unchanged.

用于稠油热采井的耐温凝胶堵剂研制与评价——以春光油田为例

针对河南春光油田稠油热采水平井水窜严重的问题,通过耐高温凝胶堵剂配方研究及性能评价,配套双封定位封堵工艺,实现了水平井不同水窜位置的有效封堵。所研制的耐高温凝胶堵剂,具有耐温耐盐性能好和封堵强度高的特点,耐盐1.00×10^(5)mg/L,耐温达到350℃,高温60 h后突破真空度仍保持在0.065 MPa以上,现场实施后有效延缓了稠油水平井水窜速度,改善了稠油热采水平井开发效果。

The Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene/Montmorillonite (UHMWPE/MMT) Nanocomposites Hybrid Gel Using Pressure-Induced Flow (PIF) Processing

Hybrid organic-inorganic polymer nanocomposites incorporating organically modified montmorillonite (MMT) and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) were examined. UHMWPE/MMT hybrid nanocomposites were prepared using gel and pressure-induced flow(PIF) processing methods at a gel weight concentration of 8% UHMWPE with various organoclay contents (0, 0.4, 0.8, 1.2, and 1.6 parts per hundred parts). The interlayer properties of the nanocomposites were studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The thermal and mechanical interfacial properties of the nanocomposites were investigated through thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and the use of a universal test machine (UTM). TEM indicates that the nanocomposites are formed upon dispersion of MMT in the polymer matrix. From the DSC, TGA, and DMA results, we find that the thermal stability of the UHMWPE nanocomposites increases as the MMT content increases. The nanocomposites show higher tensile strengths than pure UHMWPE gel sheet. These findings indicate that the interfacial and mechanical properties are improved by the addition of MMT and PIF processing.

纳米掺铁二氧化钛的sol-gel法制备与表征(Ⅰ)热重红外联用分析掺铁二氧化钛凝胶的热分解和晶化特性

本文通过热分析、红外联用和 X射线衍射分析了不同煅烧温度下的纳米掺铁二氧化钛样品，研究了 sol-gel方法制备的纯二氧化钛和掺铁二氧化钛干凝胶的热分解和晶化过程。结果表明，干凝胶有较为明显的两个阶段的热分解。在实验条件下得到的二氧化钛干凝胶粉为无定形，无定形二氧化钛加热晶化过程是一个持续的过程，没有明显的晶化温度。

玉米黄质对魔芋葡甘聚糖凝胶性能及热稳定性评价

为探究魔芋多糖体系与色素小分子互作的方式并解决魔芋凝胶赋色的问题,该研究以魔芋葡甘聚糖(konjac glucomannan,KGM)凝胶为研究对象,使用玉米黄质(zeaxanthin,ZEA)对KGM凝胶赋色,以不添加色素的KGM凝胶作为对照组,对比分析对照组和赋色后KGM/ZEA复合有色凝胶的凝胶性能和微观结构。结果表明,KGM/ZEA-2复合有色凝胶的色素保留率、L^(*)值、a^(*)值和b^(*)值较对照组分别显著升高了73.82%、9.78%、4.34%、5.63%,较KGM/ZEA-1分别显著升高了16.33%、2.55%、1.09%、2.14%;其持水性、凝胶强度、硬度和咀嚼性较对照组分别显著升高了2.18%、91.01%、54.09%、50.70%,较KGM/ZEA-1显著分别升高了0.88%、75.40%、45.48%、42.23%。微观结构表明,KGM/ZEA-2复合有色凝胶在疏水相互作用的驱动下形成了更加致密的网络结构,可截留更多的色素小分子,同时提高了其结晶度和热稳定性。因此,玉米黄质能够稳定地结合在魔芋凝胶体系内,作为着色剂应用于多彩凝胶素食的开发。

基于非水解sol-gel法的碳热还原氮化合成氮化铝超细粉体

以无水氯化铝和异丙醚为原料,采用非水解溶胶-凝胶法制备出氧化铝凝胶。其经800℃煅烧才析出少量γ-Al2O3晶体,γ-Al2O3向α-Al2O3晶型转变在1200℃附近,经900℃煅烧后比表面积仍高达145m2/g,具有介孔结构。以该高活性氧化铝凝胶作为铝源,采用碳热还原氮化工艺合成氮化铝粉体。结果表明,氧化铝凝胶经300℃预煅烧,按n(C)/n(Al)=7.8与碳黑混合,在流量80mL/min高纯N2中,于1450℃还原氮化2h便可合成出平均粒径在400nm的高纯六方相AlN粉体。

封汽窜用栲胶冻胶研制及其流变性能研究

海上稠油油藏地层温度低,蒸汽驱开采期间容易发生汽窜。文中使用6%杨梅栲胶、0.2%乌洛托品、3%黏土制成的栲胶冻胶在55℃的低温下成胶时间可控,300℃热处理后强度高,热处理一个月后脱水率小于5%。流变实验分析表明,在几乎不增加成胶液黏度的情况下,黏土的加入显著增强了栲胶成胶液的触变性、成胶后冻胶的强度。此外,黏土强化形成的栲胶冻胶在较大应变剪切下可以保持冻胶结构的稳定性。使用Cryo-SEM对冻胶分析结果表明,微米级黏土颗粒的加入可以与栲胶分子的多活性羟基形成多基团交联的多重网络结构,使得冻胶锁水能力增强,微观上是冻胶高温下稳定性增加的原因。实验结果表明,由黏土颗粒强化形成的栲胶冻胶强度高、热稳定性好,适用于低温油藏蒸汽驱过程中封堵汽窜的实际需求。

PZT铁电薄膜Sol-Gel技术制备和电性能研究

以乙酸铅(Pb(CH3COO)2·3H2O)、钛酸四丁酯(Ti(OC4H9)4)、硝酸锆(Zr(NO3)4·5H2O)替代锆醇盐为原料,通过在Pt/Ti/siO2/si基片与PZT薄膜之间引入PT种子层,采用改进的sol-gel工艺制备出无裂纹,致密性好,晶粒尺寸小且分布均匀的单一钙钛矿结构的Pb(Zr0.53Ti0.47)O3铁电薄膜.实验结果表明,具有PT种子层的PZT铁电薄膜电性能较好.经600℃热处理的具有PT种子层的PZT薄膜,在1kHz测试频率下,其剩余极化强度和矫顽场分别为20μC/cm2和59kV/cm,介电常数和介电损耗分别为385和0.030.

填充型有机硅基导热凝胶的制备和性能研究

以有机硅基热界面材料为研究对象,使用不同黏度配比的硅油作为基体,并以氧化铝和氧化锌作为导热填料,制备了一系列填充型有机硅导热凝胶样品。分别研究了凝胶成分对材料力学性能、导热性能以及点胶性能等的影响。研究结果表明:所制备的有机硅导热凝胶的热导率主要受导热填料的影响,当高黏度乙烯基硅油占比为50%时,导热凝胶的各项性能良好,拉伸强度、断裂伸长率、邵氏硬度、热导率和挤出率分别达到0.37 MPa、184%、63.42、2.90 W/(m·K)和106.4 g/min。此外,本研究的导热凝胶样品在应对高温高湿环境和冷热循环试验表现良好,能满足行业要求,具备良好的应用前景和应用价值。

强吸附预脱水对蒙脱石有机凝胶脱水能耗的影响

这是一篇陶瓷及复合材料领域的论文。蒙脱石有机凝胶是一种触变性凝胶,一般采用湿法工艺生产,需经喷雾干燥获得凝胶产品,但因喷雾干燥效率较低,能耗较高,干燥成本占生产成本的主要部分,进行降低脱水过程能耗的研究意义重大。论文提出了一种新型的低能耗预脱水工艺,预先在脱水池内充填比表面积大、吸水性能好的非金属矿物材料,然后将蒙脱石有机凝胶注入其中,充分搅拌,达到预脱水目的,再经喷雾干燥,得到高质量的有机凝胶产品。对预脱水流程设计专用工艺,并通过热量计算比较了经过预脱水过程及未经预脱水过程喷雾干燥的能量消耗。结果表明,经过预脱水工艺后比现有工艺节能约58%。