消防员灭火防护服减层结构及其热防护性能评价

介绍了消防员灭火防护服减层结构的实现方式,运用国内外不同的热防护性能评价方法,对标准4层组合面料及3层、2层减层结构组合面料进行评价,并采用热人仪测试不同组合面料制成的灭火防护服的防护效果。结果表明,3层和2层减层结构组合面料能达到标准4层组合面料的性能,满足消防员灭火防护服要求,符合轻质化发展趋势。

两种商品化阻燃剂对TPE材料阻燃性能的影响

选用FP2200S和DA1010两种阻燃剂,研究了TPE/FR复合材料的阻燃性能、力学性能、热降解行为、燃烧行为和残炭形貌。实验结果表明,添加了质量分数为30%的DA1010阻燃剂时,阻燃TPE的LOI值为26.0%,达到垂直燃烧V-0级,综合性能较好。热重分析测试表明,DA1010的加入,改变了TPE材料的热降解过程,材料的热稳定性和残炭量最高,锥形量热测试表明,DA1010阻燃剂的加入能显著降低TPE的热释放速率(HRR)、热释放总量(THR)。扫描电镜(SEM)测试表明,与FP2200S相比,加入DA1010阻燃剂,炭层更加致密,TPE材料具有更加优异的阻燃性能。

Development of a short duration method to assess the envelope thermal performance of multi-family housings

Building energy efficiency is a key factor in reducing CO_(2) emissions.For this reason,European Union(EU)member states have developed thermal regulations to ensure building thermal performance.These results are often based on results achieved with building simulation software during the design stage.However,the actual thermal performance can deviate significantly from the predicted one,and this difference is known as the energy performance gap.Accurate indicators of the actual thermal performance are a valuable tool to guarantee building quality.These indicators,including the heat transfer coefficient(HTC)and the heat loss coefficient(HLC),can be estimated by the application of in situ methods.As multi-family housing and tertiary sector buildings are an important part of the building stock,mature methods to measure their thermal performance are needed.This paper presents a short-duration method for assessing the HTC in large building typologies using a sampling approach.The method was applied in a four-storey building model under different conditions to study the limits of the method and to improve indicator bias and uncertainty.Indicator quality was strongly influenced by the external weather conditions,the temperature variation during the protocol and the heat exchange with the adjacent apartments.Under winter conditions and with stable indoor temperatures,the method had a high accuracy when the protocol was applied for half a day.It is recommended that the protocol be used over two days to improve indicator quality under less favorable test conditions.

TYC—1涂层材料热防护性能预测

根据TYC— 1涂层材料在加热过程中所出现的物理化学变化 ,提出了三层物理模型 ,建立了相应的守恒方程和边界条件 ,并给出具有空间和时间二阶精度的差分离散公式 ,并按稳态和轨道模拟二类试验工况 ,预测了TYC— 1防热涂层的内部温度分布 。

阻燃防护服热防护性能测试方法存在的问题

针对目前阻燃防护服热防护性能测试存在忽略服装热蓄积给人体造成二次伤害的问题。为了解阻燃防护服的真实防护水平,分别采用2种测试方法对3组阻燃面料的热防护性能进行测试,并对测试结果进行分析对比,提出目前热防护性能测试方法存在的不足。得出在选购阻燃防护服面料的时不仅要考虑织物的阻燃性能、热传递性能,还应考虑后期的蓄热性能的结论。相关标准制修订的过程中也应将热防护性能评估值测试方法编入其中,以促进解决实际应用中存在的问题。

基于扩展卡尔曼滤波的燃气轮机性能参数估计与故障诊断

将扩展卡尔曼滤波方法应用在分轴燃气轮机性能参数状态估计和热力故障诊断领域。根据实际燃气轮机建立非线性热力系统模型,根据模型计算数据建立包含燃气轮机压气机、高压涡轮与动力涡轮等部件健康参数的线性SSM(状态空间模型),设计得到EKF(扩展卡尔曼滤波器);利用所设计EKF对突变型和渐变型各6种燃气轮机典型热力故障部件的健康参数进行估计。结果表明:用扩展卡尔曼滤波器对分轴燃气轮机性能参数状态估计非常及时和准确,适用于分轴燃气轮机实时状态监测和故障诊断中,并且对性能参数的渐变所引发故障的跟踪更为及时,诊断更为准确。