热-机械循环训练对Fe-15Mn-4Si-8Cr-4Ni形状记忆合金耐腐蚀性能和低温应力松弛的影响

研究了热-机械循环训练对Fe-15Mn-4Si-8Cr-4Ni形状记忆合金耐腐蚀性能以及低温松弛的影响,结果表明,随着循环次数的增加,合金在5%NaOH溶液中的耐腐蚀性能呈下降的趋势,这是因为热-机械循环处理导致了碳化物的大量析出,从而降低合金的耐腐蚀性能;经过热-机械循环处理后合金的低温应力松弛率高于未经循环处理的合金,约提高3%左右。导致合金低温应力松弛率提高的原因是回复应力的提高为应力诱发ε马氏体相变提供了大的机械驱动力以及应力诱发ε马氏体的临界应力的降低。

混合热阻条件下正、反卡诺循环的最优性能与面积比

自有限时间热力学创立以来，国内外对受热阻影响的二源卡诺循环已有许多深入的研究，其中又以线性或非线性传热的活塞式模型居多，本文则要研究两种线性与非线性混合传热热阻条件下，定常态能量转换热机、制冷与热泵循环的热力性能，得到了一组重要的性能优化公式及相应的最佳面积比的统一表达式。

热漏对内可逆卡诺循环性能的影响

本文在内可逆卡诺循环的基础上，进一步讨论热漏对循环的影响，结果表明，考虑热漏很有意义，可使循环的功率－效率特性与实际热机的观测性能相符，并可得到一些更为精确的新结论。

Performance Evaluation and Optimization of a Novel System Combining a Photovoltaic/Thermal Subsystem&an Organic Rankine Cycle Driven by Solar Parabolic Trough Collector

A novel coupling system that combines a photovoltaic/thermal(PV/T)subsystem and an Organic Rankine Cycle(ORC)driven by solar parabolic trough collector(PTC)is presented in this paper.The mathematical model is initially built.On the basis,the influence of area ratio of two collectors(PV/T and PTC)on the performance of system is discussed.The results show that the optimal area ratio of PV/T to PTC is 8:2,which can achieve the maximum energy output.Moreover,the performance of the coupling system and two independent systems(PV/T and ORC system)are compared and analyzed.The results show that the coupling system is more reliable and its total output energy(heat and electricity)is the highest,compared with the other two independent systems.The solar energy utilization efficiency of the coupling system is 40%higher than that of the other two independent systems in the steady-state simulation.Moreover,the annual output energy per unit area collector of the coupling system is 13%higher than that of the other two independent systems in the dynamic simulation.Furthermore,in the dynamic simulation of a typical day,the PV panels’temperature of the coupling system is 5℃–7℃ lower than that of the independent PV/T system.It means that the power generation efficiency of PV panels can be increased by 1.5%–3.5%.This study aims to explore the operation characteristics of the novel solar energy utilization coupling system and promote the development of renewable energy utilization models,which provides a reference for the design and optimization of related energy systems.

The Myth of the High-Efficiency External-Combustion Stirling Engine

The reported discrepancy between theory and experiment for external combustion Stirling engines is explained by the addition of thermal resistance of the combustion gasses to the standard Carnot model. In these cases, the Stirling engine ideal efficiency is not as is normally reported equal to the Carnot cycle efficiency but is significantly lower. A new equation for ideal Stirling engine efficiency when the heat is obtained through external combustion without pre-heating the air, is presented and results for various fuels tabulated. The results show that petrol and diesel, internal combustion engines (Otto cycle) have a higher ideal efficiency than the Stirling engine. When comparing thermoacoustic engines heated by wood, efficiency should not be quoted as a percentage of the Carnot efficiency, but against a figure 48% lower than Carnot. The effect is not seen with electrically heated rigs, solar or nuclear fission heated engines.

Investigations of entrainment characteristics and shear-layer vortices evolution in an axisymmetric rear variable area bypass injector

In this study,firstly,for the axisymmetric RVABI,the change-rule of adverse pressure gradient caused by radial velocity during the transition of internal flow mode in variable geometry is summarized,and a Bypass Ratio(BR) iterative algorithm based on the empirical correlation of non-equilibrium pressure is proposed.The algorithm can estimate the nonlinear relationship between area ratio and BR,with an error range falling below 6.5%.Then,we discuss the favorable effect of uniform mixing on the thrust augmentation of mixed exhaust under variable BR conditions.From this point of view,the characteristics of vortices evolution in different shear strength jets are compared,to clarify the effect of variable cycle parameters on jet mixing.As the results suggest,when ■ is as low as 0.22,the K-H disturbance is of high-frequency wavelet property,and it is difficult to induce large-scale spanwise vortices.The macro migrations of fluid elements in span wise vortices and the diffusion effect caused by edge tearing is weak,which is not conducive to the energy exchange between the two streams.However,the low ■ jet will also correspondingly weaken the viscous dissipation effect of vortices.It is concluded that the dissipation level is proportional to the 2.31 power of the ■.