A 300 MW Thermal Unit Start Successfully on First Trial

The complete set of 300 MW No.2 unit of Qingdao Thermal Power Plant started successfully on the first trail up to the national outstanding standard on l

The Linear Formulation of Thermal Unit Commitment Problem with Uncertainties through a Computational Mixed Integer

The solar and wind renewable energy is developing very rapidly to fulfill the energy gap. This specific increasing share of renewable energy is a reaction to the ecological trepidations to conciliate economics with security due to the new challenges in power system supply. In solar and wind renewable energy, the only partially predictable is the output with very low controllability which creates unit commitment problems in thermal units. In this research paper, a different linear formulation via mixed integer is presented that only requires “binary variables” and restraints concerning earlier stated models. The framework of this model allows precisely the costs of time-dependent startup & intertemporal limitations, for example, minimum up & down times and a ramping limit. To solve the unit commitment problem efficiently, a commercially available linear programming of mixed-integer is applied for sizeable practical scale. The results of the simulation are shown in conclusions.

SIMULATION IN THERMAL DESIGN FOR ELECTRONIC CONTROL UNIT OF ELECTRONIC UNIT PUMP

The high working junction temperature of power component is the most common reason of its failure. So the thermal design is of vital importance in electronic control unit （ECU） design. By means of circuit simulation, the thermal design of ECU for electronic unit pump （EUP） fuel system is applied. The power dissipation model of each power component in the ECU is created and simulated. According to the analyses of simulation results, the factors which affect the power dissipation of components are analyzed. Then the ways for reducing the power dissipation of power components are carried out. The power dissipation of power components at different engine state is calculated and analyzed. The maximal power dissipation of each power component in all possible engine state is also carried out based on these simulations. A cooling system is designed based on these studies. The tests show that the maximum total power dissipation of ECU drops from 43.2 W to 33.84 W after these simulations and optimizations. These applications of simulations in thermal design of ECU can greatly increase the quality of the design, save the design cost and shorten design time

Thermal Model of High-Speed Spindle Units

For the purpose to facilitate development of high-speed Spindle Units (SUs) running on rolling bearings, we have developed a beam element model, algorithms, and software for computer analysis of thermal characteristics of SUs. The thermal model incorporates a model of heat generation in rolling bearings, a model of heat transfer from bearings, and models for estimation of temperature and temperature deformations of SU elements. We have carried out experimental test and made quantitative evaluation of the effect of operation conditions on friction and thermal characteristics of the SUs of grinding and turning machines of typical structures. It is found that the operation conditions make stronger effect on SU temperatures when rpm increases. A comparison between the results of analysis and experiment proves their good mutual correspondence and allows us to recommend application of the models and software developed for design and research of high-speed SUs running on rolling bearings.

Research on Operation of Electrothermal Integrated Energy System Including Heat Pump and Thermal Storage Units Based on Capacity Planning

In view of the Three North areas existing wind power absorption and environment pollution problems,the previous scholars have improved the wind abandon problem by adding electrothermal coupling equipment or optimizing power grid operation.In this paper,an electrothermal integrated energy system including heat pump and thermal storage units was proposed.The scheduling model was based on the load data and the output characteristics of power units,each power unit capacity was programmed without constraints,and the proposed scheduling model was compared with the traditional combined heat and power scheduling model.Results showed that the investment and pollutant discharge of the system was reduced respectively.Wind power was fully absorbed.Compared with the traditional thermal power unit,the proportion of the output was significantly decreased by the proposed model.The proposed system could provide a new prospect for wind power absorption and environment protection.

Research on the Prediction of Load Regulation Capacity for Supercritical Thermal Power Unit

Both the modeling and the load regulation capacity prediction of a supercritical power plant are investigated in this paper. Firstly, an indirect identification method based on subspace identification method is proposed. The obtained identification model is verified by the actual operation data and the dynamic characteristics of the system are well reproduced. Secondly, the model is used to predict the load regulation capacity of thermal power unit. The power, main steam pressure, main steam temperature and other parameters are simulated respectively when the unit load is going up and down. Under the actual constraints, the load regulation capacity of thermal power unit can be predicted quickly.

The Impact of Thermal Desorption Unit Associated with Remediation of Hydrocarbon Impacted Soils on Air Quality at Beneku, Ndokwa East, Delta State, Nigeria

The study is on the use of thermal desorption unit in the remediation of contaminated soils located at Beneku in Ndokwa East local government area of Delta state. This method uses heat to vaporize the contaminants, and as such only works for volatile contaminants. Air quality samples around the thermal desorption Unit (TDU), used for the treatment of hydrocarbon impacted soils were taken at six (6) different sampling points (Stations). The sampling points were 100 m apart beginning from 0 m which was the closest to the TDU. The results showed that the mean values of SO2 were 0.01 ppm for both the dry and wet seasons and it is within the FMEnv limit of 0.01. The mean concentration of NO2 in the dry season was 0.25 μg/m3 and in the wet season it was 0.18 μg/m3, which were above the FMEnv limit of 0.06 μg/m3. It is a strong oxidizing agent that reacts with air/water to form corrosive nitric acid, as well as toxic organic nitrates. The mean concentration of CO2 recorded in the dry season was 11.52 ppm and that for the wet season was 10.53 ppm, which were slightly above the FMEnv limit of 10.00 ppm. The levels of SPM 2.5 recorded in the study show a concentration of 132.07 μg/m3 in the dry season and 95.93 μg/m3 in the wet season while those for SPM 10 had 102.17 μg/m3 in the dry season and 91.33 μg/m3 in the wet season. The level of the VOC recorded across the study area was significantly low (0.11 μg/m3). The mean H2S concentration recorded across the study area was low (0.01 μg/m3). Several health risks have been associated with SPM. Inhaling SPM affects respiratory and cardiovascular systems in both children and adults. Fine SPM (such as PM 2.5 particulate) can penetrate into the lungs and blood streams when inhaled, resulting to respiratory problems, heart attack, lung cancer and even death, while exposure to low levels of H2S can induce headaches as well as breathing difficulties in some asthmatic patients.

500 MW Unit Simulator for Panshan Thermal Power Plant Passed Acceptance

After a thorough demonstration in Panshan Thermal Power Plant, the 500 MW super critical pressure unit simulator developed by the Simulation & Control Institute under the North China University of Electric Power was accepted by experts from the North China Electric Power Group Company on 3rd August 1996.

基于火电灵活性改造的可再生能源消纳系统成本优化

随着风电等可再生能源的大规模发展,带来了消纳难等新挑战,通过火电灵活性改造可以增强电力系统灵活调节能力、提升可再生能源消纳空间,同时需要考虑火电灵活性改造的经济性和对可再生能源消纳的影响。因此,综合考虑火电机组常规运行成本及灵活性改造后增加的各项成本,结合碳排放成本和弃风成本,建立以总成本最小为目标的火电灵活性改造前后优化调度模型,采用对比差值法计算基于火电灵活性改造的可再生能源消纳系统成本。通过算例,将所建模型应用于对比改造前后、不同碳排放强度、是否考虑弃风等不同方案下的机组运行状况及消纳系统成本大小,并拟合得到可再生能源渗透率和消纳系统成本的关系曲线,验证了模型的有效性。

基于逐次变分模态分解的飞轮-火电一次调频控制策略

随着新型电力系统的大力建设与推广,火电机组面临的调频压力增大,提出一种逐次变分模态分解的飞轮-火电一次调频控制策略。首先,以飞轮储能和火电机组为研究对象,建立考虑新能源占比的飞轮-火电一次调频模型;其次,将一次调频功率指令利用逐次变分模态方法分解,由火电机组响应分解后的低频功率指令,同时设计飞轮储能下垂优化控制方法,实现飞轮储能与火电机组响应频率变化的协同控制;最后在不同工况下仿真验证,结果表明所提策略可有效避免火电机组一次调频时的频繁出力,减小火电机组响应频率变化时的调控要求,同时可最大限度地利用飞轮储能调频容量并保证飞轮储能调频期间的运行安全,进一步提升了系统的频率响应能力。

基于蝙蝠优化算法的电力系统经济调度

针对电力系统的优化调度问题,提出基于蝙蝠优化算法的运行策略,旨在降低发电机组的总燃料成本和减少污染物排放量.然而由于约束条件的复杂性,一般的数学方法难以解决这个难题.采用优化过的蝙蝠算法(NBA)来解决电力系统动态经济调度问题,为了验证优化过的NBA算法的性能,对一个含有6台火电机组的电力系统进行优化调度,并在Matlab软件中对模型进行了仿真和测试.以运行成本最小为目标函数,约束条件包含功率平衡约束、火电机组最大最小出力约束、火电机组爬坡约束、网络潮流约束等,然后使用NBA算法完成对电力系统优化调度决策任务,结果表明,优化过后的算法减少污染的同时降低了发电成本,提升了电力系统的效益.

二次再热燃煤-捕碳-制甲醇系统集成设计与优化

针对碳捕集电厂的高能耗及CO_(2)的后续利用问题,设计了一种二次再热燃煤-捕碳-制甲醇一体化系统。以某1000 MW超超临界二次再热机组为例,采用动态自适应粒子群优化算法对所提系统参数进行优化计算,分析了碳捕集率和光电制氢成本等因素对系统性能的影响。结果表明:当碳捕集率为90%时,一体化系统的热效率相比燃煤-捕碳机组提高了6.62%,CO_(2)排放强度降低了4.45 g/(kW·h),净收益提高了33.42亿元;当碳捕集率在40%~90%内变化时,一体化系统的热效率能够稳定保持在49%以上;随着未来光电制氢成本的下降,一体化系统的净收益将显著提升。

火电机组深度调峰工况下炉侧蓄热系数对一次调频能力的影响分析

为研究火电机组深度调峰工况下炉侧蒸发段、过热段蓄热系数对机组一次调频能力的影响,以暂态稳定程序PSD-BPA中的典型模型为基础,同时考虑火电机组实际以炉跟机协调方式下的控制逻辑,搭建适用于火电深度调峰工况下的精细化仿真模型。通过某额定功率Pe为1 000 MW直流炉在35%Pe工况点的实际一次调频数据,验证了模型的正确性。以仿真模型为基础,定性分析深度调峰工况下炉侧蒸发段及过热段蓄热系数对机组一次调频能力的影响,结果发现:炉侧蒸发段蓄热系数越小,机组的一次调频响应能力越强;炉侧过热段蓄热系数越大,对机组一次调频越友好,通过增、减蒸发段和过热段蓄热系数可以提高机组的调频能力。另外,建立的一次调频精细化模型可以为电力生产、监管部门提供火电机组一次调频裕度分析,有利于新型电力系统的安全运行。

应用集成极限学习机的电站SCR脱硝系统建模与分析

针对火电机组普遍采用的选择性催化还原(selective catalytic reduction,SCR)脱硝反应容易受到环境因素影响,且具有非线性、大迟延、强扰动特点,难以建立准确反应模型的问题,提出一种基于集成极限学习机的SCR脱硝系统建模方法。首先,选择4种具有不同激活函数的极限学习机和核极限学习机作为基学习器,分别建立SCR脱硝系统模型;然后,利用偏最小二乘算法将各基学习器的结果进行集成;最后,采用某1000 MW超超临界机组实际运行数据与所提建模方法相结合建立SCR脱硝系统模型。实验结果验证模型的有效性;与其他方法所建模型对比,结果表明基于集成极限学习机的SCR脱硝系统模型具有更好的模型泛化能力。

新型电力系统下燃煤火电机组一次调频面临的挑战与展望

频率稳定是未来新型电力系统运行的最关键要求之一。中国的能源禀赋决定了燃煤火电机组是最核心、最可靠的一次调频资源。然而,燃煤火电已开始出现一次调频能力不足的趋势。为了满足当前和长远发展的需要,文中综述了燃煤火电在一次调频领域所面临的挑战、研究现状和关键科学问题。首先,总结了新型电力系统发展背景下火电一次调频的4个重要趋势,分析了下一步调频在电网和火电厂运行中的不足,提炼出提高一次调频能力和快速准确模拟调频的关键挑战。其次,从电网和火电厂运行的双向视角,综述了调频能力提升和调频动态仿真的研究现状和存在的问题。最后,结合上述挑战和瓶颈,展望了未来新型电力系统火电一次调频的关键技术问题。

深度调峰工况下超临界机组的干湿态转换策略研究

为寻求深度调峰工况下合适的干湿态转换方式,在2台超临界机组上,采用2种不同的干湿态转换策略,对协调控制方式下的干湿态转换及其对系统稳定性的影响进行了研究。结果表明:2种策略均能够实现协调方式下的干湿态转换,可以通过转态进行进一步的深调工作;通过煤、水协同控制或给水流量控制均可实现干湿态转换,但水煤比变化情况不同;干转湿过程中,受到2种策略的影响,系统稳定性(主汽温度、主汽压力)区别明显;在湿转干过程中,2种策略下的系统都表现出良好的稳定性。