Deformation characteristics and constitutive model of seafloor massive sulfides

Deformation characteristics and constitutive model of seafloor massive sulfide(SMS)were selected as the research object.Uniaxial/triaxial compression test were carried out on the mineral samples,and the deformation characteristics of specimens under various conditions were studied.According to characteristics of the mineral,a new three stages constitutive equation was proposed.The conclusions are as follows:The axial strain,peak strain and maximum strength of seafloor massive sulfide increase with the confining pressure.The elastic modulus of the metal sulfide samples is decreased sharply with the increase of confining pressure.According to characteristics of seafloor massive sulfide,the constitutive equation is divided into three parts,the comparison between theoretical curves and experimental data shows that both of them are in good agreement,which also proves the correctness of the constitutive equation for uniaxial compression.

Size Effect of Electromagnetic Constitutive Characteristics of Ultrathin Al Films

The ultrathin aluminum films with thickness in the range of 2～60 nm have been deposited by dc magnetron sputtering apparatus. Reflectance and transmittance of the obtained samples were measured with a WFZ-900-D4 UV/VIS spectrophotometer. The optical constant (n, k) and permittivity (ε', ε') were determined by applying Newton-Simpson recurrent substitution method. The results indicate that the electromagnetic constitutive characteristic of ultrathin aluminum films is a function of thickness and has obvious size effect.

Experimental study of the damage characteristics of rocks containing non-penetrating cracks under cyclic loading

The damage evolution process of non-penetrating cracks often causes some unexpected engineering disasters.Gypsum specimens containing non-penetrating crack(s)are used to study the damage evolution and characteristics under cyclic loading.The results show that under cyclic loading,the relationship between the number of non-penetrating crack(s)and the characteristic parameters(cyclic number,peak stress,peak strain,failure stress,and failure strain)of the pre-cracked specimens can be represented by a decreasing linear function.The damage evolution equation is fitted by calibrating the accumulative plastic strain for each cycle,and the damage constitutive equation is proposed by the concept of effective stress.Additionally,non-penetrating cracks are more likely to cause uneven stress distribution,damage accumulation,and local failure of specimen.The local failure can change the stress distribution and relieve the inhibition of non-penetrating crack extension and eventually cause a dramatic destruction of the specimen.Therefore,the evolution process caused by non-penetrating cracks can be regarded as one of the important reasons for inducing rockburst.These results are expected to improve the understanding of the process of spalling formation and rockburst and can be used to analyze the stability of rocks or rock structures.

Experiment and constitutive modelling of creep deformation in the frozen silt-concrete interface

To ensure the long-term safety and stability of bridge pile foundations in permafrost regions,it is necessary to investigate the rheological effects on the pile tip and pile side bearing capacities.The creep characteristics of the pile-frozen soil interface are critical for determining the long-term stability of permafrost pile foundations.This study utilized a self-developed large stress-controlled shear apparatus to investigate the shear creep characteristics of the frozen silt-concrete interface,and examined the influence of freezing temperatures(−1,−2,and−5°C),contact surface roughness(0,0.60,0.75,and 1.15 mm),normal stress(50,100,and 150 kPa),and shear stress on the creep characteristics of the contact surface.By incorporating the contact surface’s creep behavior and development trends,we established a creep constitutive model for the frozen silt-concrete interface based on the Nishihara model,introducing nonlinear elements and a damage factor.The results revealed significant creep effects on the frozen silt-concrete interface under constant load,with creep displacement at approximately 2-15 times the instantaneous displacement and a failure creep displacement ranging from 6 to 8 mm.Under different experimental conditions,the creep characteristics of the frozen silt-concrete interface varied.A larger roughness,lower freezing temperatures,and higher normal stresses resulted in a longer sample attenuation creep time,a lower steady-state creep rate,higher long-term creep strength,and stronger creep stability.Building upon the Nishihara model,we considered the influence of shear stress and time on the viscoelastic viscosity coefficient and introduced a damage factor to the viscoplasticity.The improved model effectively described the entire creep process of the frozen silt-concrete interface.The results provide theoretical support for the interaction between pile and soil in permafrost regions.

Material Composition and Engineering Characteristics of Red Clay in Guigang, Guangxi

There is fine and uniform clay with aluminous and ferrous cementation in the red clay found in Guigang, Guangxi. It has the characteristics of shrinkage outwardly, rigid upper but soft lower and well grown fissure. In addition there are engineering characteristics such as high water content, low compactness and low compressibility, high strength and high contractility but slight expansibility. This paper discusses the red clay's engineering characteristics and its change regulation with depth by analyzing changes in the red clay's grain size composition, mineralogical constitution, and chemical composition.

Dynamic mechanical characteristics of NdFeB in electromagnetic brake

With the continuous development of artillery,the disadvantages of hydraulic recoil brakes gradually appear.At the same time,the appearance of high-performance Nd Fe B permanent magnet makes it possible to apply electromagnetic braking technology to recoil mechanism.In this paper,prototype tests of a certain artillery were carried out to verify the feasibility of the electromagnetic brake(EMB)and obtain the electromagnetic braking force.Due to the brittleness of Nd Fe B,in order to eliminate the worry about the safety of EMB,SHPB experiments of Nd Fe B were carried out.Then,based on the assumption of uniform crack distribution,the law of crack propagation and damage accumulation was described theoretically,and the damage constitutive model suitable for brittle materials was proposed by combining the Zhu-Wang-Tang(ZWT)equation.Finally,the numerical simulation model of the artillery prototype was established and through calculation,the dynamic mechanical characteristics of Nd Fe B in the prototype were analyzed.The calculation results show that the strength of Nd Fe B can meet the requirements of the use in the working process.From the perspective of damage factor,the damage value of the permanent magnet on the far right is larger,and the damage value of the inner ring gradually decreases to the outer ring.

Rheological mechanical properties and its constitutive relation of soft rock considering influence of clay mineral composition and content

Rheological mechanical properties of the soft rock are afected signifcantly by its main physical characteristics-clay mineral.In this study,taking the mudstone on the roof and foor in four typical mining regions as the research object,frstly,the clay mineral characteristic was analyzed by the X-ray difraction test.Subsequently,rheological mechanical properties of mudstone samples under diferent confning pressures are studied through triaxial compression and creep tests.The results show that the clay mineral content of mudstone in diferent regions is diferent,which leads to signifcant diferences in its rheological properties,and these diferences have a good correlation with the content of montmorillonite and illite-montmorillonite mixed layer.Taking the montmorillonite content as an example,compared with the sample with 3.56%under the lower stress level,the initial creep deformation of the sample with 11.19%increased by 3.25 times,the viscosity coefcient and longterm strength decreased by 80.59%and 53.94%,respectively.Furthermore,based on the test results,the damage variation is constructed considering the montmorillonite content and stress level,and the M–S creep damage constitutive model of soft rock is established.Finally,the test results can be ftted with determination coefcients ranging from 0.9020 to 0.9741,which proves that the constitutive relation can refect the infuence of the clay mineral content in the samples preferably.This study has an important reference for revealing the long-term stability control mechanism of soft rock roadway rich in clay minerals.

粉砂质泥岩蠕变特性与非线性黏弹塑性本构模型

针对边坡、隧道工程中粉砂质泥岩长期稳定性问题,采用DZSZ-150型多场耦合岩石三轴压力试验机,利用粉砂质泥岩相似材料试样,开展不同围压下粉砂质泥岩蠕变试验。根据蠕变试验结果建立可描述粉砂质泥岩蠕变全过程的非线性黏弹塑性本构模型,以7 MPa围压下蠕变试验结果为例,对所提出的蠕变本构模型进行合理性和可行性验证。结果表明:试样的稳态蠕变速率与偏应力大小有关,随着偏应力的增加,试样稳态蠕变速率与偏应力之间符合指数函数关系;在加速蠕变阶段的蠕变速率相对低偏应力水平下减速蠕变和稳态蠕变速率明显要增大很多,且非常短时间内就发生了蠕变破坏;提出一种描述粉砂质泥岩全蠕变过程的非线性黏弹塑性本构模型,该模型能描述粉砂质泥岩蠕变-破坏全过程的蠕变变形规律,反映了粉砂质泥岩在不同偏应力水平作用下的蠕变特性,克服了经典模型中无法准确描述加速蠕变过程的难题。

平钢板-UHPC组合桥面板纵向抗负弯性能试验研究

某大桥次边跨及中跨主梁为钢-UHPC组合梁,钢-UHPC组合梁的桥面板首次采用一种通过PBL剪力键将8 mm平钢板与15 cm的UHPC层连接起来的新型组合桥面体系。为了探究该桥新型钢-UHPC组合桥面板抗负弯矩性能与安全性,完成了2块足尺模型的静力性能试验,进行了桥梁整体受力和桥面板局部受力计算,以及桥面板抗负弯矩极限承载力构成分析。结果表明:UHPC名义开裂强度达8.90 MPa以上,其值远大于实桥荷载作用下UHPC层上缘的纵桥向最大拉应力,组合桥面板负弯矩抗裂性能良好,能满足工程需求;组合桥面板抗负弯承载力的计算,UHPC受拉本构宜采用三折线模型,抗负弯承载力简化计算的UHPC受拉区等效均布应力折减系数可取0.76,抗负弯承载力状态的受压钢板受力仍处于线弹性阶段,抗负弯破坏模式与抗正弯明显不同,为受拉钢筋拉断;PBL剪力键能保证了钢板与UHPC板整体共同受力;组合桥面板在负弯矩作用下的延性良好,裂宽增长缓慢,UHPC的名义极限强度达名义开裂强度的4.1倍以上,到达极限荷载后,组合板承载力没有明显下降。

基于塑性元件微元化的重塑黄土黏弹塑性本构模型

基于塑性元件微元化和无穷级数的思想,通过加、卸载条件的三轴蠕变试验建模并通过动力三轴试验验证,建立了重塑黄土的黏弹塑性本构模型,并获得了相应的参数指标。研究表明,该模型可以很好地描述重塑黄土的蠕变、静力和动力特性,且能更加合理地解释卸载条件下回弹曲线的变化特征。塑性元件微元化的处理方法弥补了以往黏弹塑性本构模型中塑性变形不易描述的缺点,相比其他的黏弹塑性本构模型,该模型应用更加简单且适用范围更广。

预留核心土法隧道爆破围岩损伤与振动特性研究

目的 研究预留核心土法爆破开挖影响下的山岭隧道围岩损伤与振动特性,为爆破参数优化以及隧道加固设计提供理论参考。方法 依托新疆阿克特蒲2号左洞隧道工程,借助ANSYS/LSDYNA软件建立隧道爆破开挖数值模型,基于现场实际开挖轮廓和振速监测数据验证数值模型的合理性,进而分析围岩累积损伤特性、振速分布和振速衰减规律。结果 爆破结束后,隧道轮廓平整,预留核心土上部损伤严重;隧道拱顶y方向、拱肩z方向及拱脚x方向的振速最大;距离掌子面越近,采用萨道夫斯基经验公式预测的振速结果误差越大。结论 为保证结构稳定性,在下次爆破施工前可以通过减少掏槽孔、辅助孔的装药量或者调整其孔网参数来减小爆炸荷载,沿最大振速方向进行重点加固;采用萨道夫斯基经验公式预测距离掌子面10 m内的振速时,避免仅用z方向距离近似为爆心距大小,应同时考虑三个方向的距离。

高尿酸血症湿热体质患者代谢特点的相关性研究

目的:研究高尿酸血症湿热体质患者的代谢特点,为高尿酸血症湿热体质的中医诊疗提供参考。方法:收集2021年2月至2021年12月就诊于福建省第二人民医院风湿内分泌科的高尿酸血症患者100例,分为湿热体质组与非湿热体质组,并检测相关指标。结果:湿热体质组男38例,女2例;非湿热体质组男56例,女4例。2组间年龄比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。湿热体质组收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、体质量指数(BMI)、内脏脂肪面积(VFA)、双侧肱踝动脉波传导速度(BaPWV)、空腹血糖、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白水平高于非湿热体质组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);2组间总胆固醇及高密度脂蛋白水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。二元Logistic回归分析显示,高尿酸血症患者VFA、低密度脂蛋白水平与湿热体质的产生呈正相关;高尿酸血症合并内脏脂肪型肥胖(VFO)、动脉硬化、高血压、高甘油三酯血症会增加湿热体质的产生风险。结论:高尿酸血症湿热体质与代谢异常具有相关性。高尿酸血症湿热体质患者在SBP、DBP、BMI、VFA、BaPWV、空腹血糖、甘油三酯及低密度脂蛋白方面较非湿热体质患者升高,但在总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白方面无明显差异。HUA患者的VFA、低密度脂蛋白水平和湿热体质的产生呈正相关,若合并VFO、动脉硬化、高血压病、高甘油三酯血症会增加湿热体质的产生风险。

循环载荷作用下煤岩复合结构宏-细观破坏特征及能量-损伤本构模型

煤炭深部开采过程中,周期性开采扰动行为会使邻近煤层的煤岩复合结构承受循环载荷的作用,因此,研究不同循环载荷作用下煤岩复合试样的力学响应行为及宏-细观失效特征具有重要工程意义。选取3种不同的加(卸)载速率,开展了2种循环加卸载路径下的单轴循环压缩试验(同步测定声发射信号),分析了煤岩复合试样的损伤失效特征;基于能量耗散原理,构建了煤岩复合试样在循环载荷作用下的能量-损伤本构模型,最后结合试验实测数据进行验证。结果表明:加(卸)载速率与复合试样的峰值强度呈正相关,当加(卸)载速率从0.05 mm/min增大到0.15 mm/min时,恒定下限逐步循环加卸载路径(路径I)、变上下限等幅循环加卸载路径(路径II)下,试样的峰值应力分别增加了22.44%和28.89%;高加(卸)载速率下,试样的内部裂纹扩展越快,煤岩复合试样中煤组分的破碎程度加剧,分形维数随之增大,试样的内部裂纹扩展越快;随着加(卸)载速率的增大,煤组分中沿基质破坏增多。循环分级跨度大的路径(路径I)有助于试样内部的应力传递,为试样内部裂纹的发育提供了有利条件,导致对应试样的破坏程度更高。试验曲线和能量-损伤本构理论曲线具有较强的一致性,表明所建的能量-损伤本构模型能够很好地描述煤岩复合试样在循环加卸载过程中的变形行为。

应力–渗流耦合下深部花岗岩力学行为及破坏特征

在矿山深部开采过程中,高应力与高水压耦合作用导致岩石的力学特性演化机理更加复杂.为分析深部复杂条件下花岗岩的力学行为及破坏特征,利用低场核磁共振核技术(NMR)进行花岗岩初始孔隙率测量,借助岩石高温三轴流变系统开展应力–渗流耦合试验,引入耗能比实现花岗岩破坏过程的能量演化分析.研究结果表明:岩石的峰值强度、峰值应变随孔隙水压的增大呈线性减小且减小速率逐渐提升,随围压的增大呈线性增加且增大速率逐渐变缓;峰值渗透率随着孔隙水压的增大呈线性增大,随围压的增大呈线性减小;岩石破坏应变能表现出明显的围压效应和孔隙水压效应,峰值应力点为弹性能极值点,峰值点之后弹性能迅速转化为岩石损伤的耗散能,岩石耗能比整体呈现增大→减小→增加的“S”型变化规律;引入花岗岩初始孔隙率,将岩石视为固体骨架和孔隙两部分组成,综合考虑变形特征并构建应力–渗流耦合本构模型,与试验对比后认为该模型具有较高普适性.

单轴压缩下结构充填体的能耗特征及本构模型与验证

以矿山分层充填为背景,针对由不同力学性能基体组合而成的三层复合结构充填体,基于初始超声波速和耗散能演化特征,并借助Logistic模型,建立了能够描述考虑层间结构和荷载耦合作用下完整的损伤变量方程。进一步结合损伤力学理论和有效介质理论,构建了考虑压密段的结构充填体分段本构模型。结果表明:根据耗散能的演化特征可将结构充填体的变形破坏特征划分为三个阶段,即初始累积损伤阶段、快速损伤阶段和加速损伤阶段,损伤加速的转折点位置与中间层的力学性质有关;损伤变量呈现“S”形增长的演化规律,初始损伤与中间层灰砂比和高度比之间呈指数关系,最大损伤率随着中间层强度的降低而降低;建立的本构模型能够较好地描述应力-应变过程,与实测数据吻合度较高。

甲状腺结节合并肺结节患者中医体质与白睛目络特征分析

目的探讨中医体质与结节类疾病发生发展的内在联系,挖掘目诊技术在多发性结节疾病诊断中的潜在价值,为临床预防和治疗多发性结节病变提供理论依据和实践指导。方法纳入甲状腺结节合并肺结节患者的结节组72例,对照组37例,收集分析两组一般资料、影像资料、中医体质资料及白睛目络特征等相关信息,对比分析两组间中医体质类型分布及白睛目络征象的差异性。结果结节组中医体质类型分布以阳虚质、平和质、阴虚质、痰湿质为主,分别占比29.17%、25%、18.06%、16.67%。对比分析结节组与对照组白睛目络特征,发现在“雾漫”形态特征上存在统计学差异(P=0.02<0.05)。目络形态“血脉”与气虚质(r=-0.238,P=0.044<0.05)、特禀质患者(r=0.268,P=0.023<0.05)之间存在相关性。阳虚质与目络颜色“黯色”(r=0.380,P=0.001<0.05)“灰色”之间存在相关性(r=0.302,P=0.01<0.05)。结论阳虚质、平和质、阴虚质、痰湿质为甲状腺结节合并肺结节患者的主要体质类型。多发结节患者“雾漫”形态异常较为明显,该特征在望目辨证诊断中常与痰浊血瘀相关,提示痰浊血瘀与结节类疾病的发生关系密切。多发结节患者中医体质与白睛目络特征之间存在一定相关性,可为结节类疾病的辨识诊断提供一定参考。

高熵合金动态力学行为研究进展

高熵合金具有高强韧、高耐磨、强耐腐蚀和抗高温氧化等优异特性,因此在能源化工、航空航天和国防等领域展现出良好的潜在应用前景。动态载荷下,高熵合金表现出更高强度、更多孪晶和绝热剪切带等异于准静态载荷下的力学行为,并且不同相结构对高熵合金动态性能和变形机理具有显著影响。此外,动态载荷下高熵合金因表现出较好的释能特性,而在结构释能材料领域具有一定研究价值。通常动态实验稳定性较差,测试难度大;但通过本构模型与实验验证相结合的方式,可较好地预测高熵合金的动态力学性能。基于上述分析,本文综述了不同相结构高熵合金的动态力学行为、释能特性和本构模型,并对上述性能特点及其本构模型和模拟计算等方面进行了展望。最后指出高熵合金的动态力学性能可以通过调控元素种类及其配比和相结构及其浓度分布等进行改善;同时温度和应变速率等因素对高熵合金动态力学行为的影响机制需要深入研究;而模型计算在揭示其高应变速率下的变形机制和性能预测方面发挥更大作用。

胶结土力学特性的状态相关性试验及模型预测

在土中掺入一定量的胶结物形成具有显著结构性的人工胶结土,被广泛应用于天然岩土体的改良。然而,结构性的存在往往会诱发胶结土相较重塑土呈现出更为复杂的力学特性,实现其力学行为的定量化分析及合理预测十分必要。此处针对胶结土力学行为的共性问题,开展了不同初始状态水泥胶结土的三轴压缩与剪切试验,系统分析了其力学特性的状态相关性,并采用状态相关模型开展其力学行为的计算预测。结果表明:(1)胶结土的峰值剪切应力比受初始状态量(孔隙比、围压、胶结性)的影响显著,而残余剪切应力比受初始状态量的影响较小,表明残余强度可作为一个状态无关的力学特性参数;(2)胶结土的等向压缩曲线受初始状态量(孔隙比、胶结性)的影响显著,但结构性损伤使得压缩曲线会逐渐向重塑胶结土压缩曲线趋近,表明重塑胶结土压缩曲线可作为固有压缩曲线;(3)通过计算能够较好地再现上述不同初始状态胶结土的等向压缩与三轴剪切试验结果,表明所采用的状态相关本构模型能够合理地描述胶结土的复杂力学行为。

温州市常住居民结直肠息肉病理特征与中医体质的关系分析

目的:研究温州市常住居民结直肠息肉(CP)患者的病理特征与中医体质的关系。方法:选取2020年5月—2022年7月自愿于浙江中医药大学附属温州市中医院进行CP筛查的常住居民1 142例,经粪便隐血试验筛查及肠镜检查确诊CP阳性患者,收集患者临床资料并进行中医体质判定,分析其病理特征与中医体质的相关性。结果:1 142常住居民经粪便隐血试验,筛查出阳性者469例,包括弱阳性167例,阳性302例。经结直肠镜检查及病理诊断确诊CP者400例,CP发生率35.03%。中医体质分析显示,400例CP患者中湿热质最多,占24.50%;其次为痰湿质、气虚质,分别为23.00%,19.00%;平和质最少,占9.00%。400例CP患者中,<60岁者202例,≥60岁者198例。<60岁的CP患者中痰湿质最多,其次为湿热质,痰湿质、湿热质占比均高于≥60岁的CP患者,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。≥60岁的CP患者中气虚质最多,气虚质占比高于<60岁的CP患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。气虚质患者病灶位置比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。息肉直径>1 cm的CP患者中气虚质最多,占32.61%,气虚质占比高于息肉直径≤1 cm的CP患者(P<0.05);息肉直径≤1 cm的CP患者中,湿热质最多,占28.70%,湿热质占比高于息肉直径>1 cm的CP患者(P<0.05)。腺瘤性息肉患者中气虚质最多,占24.18%,气虚质占比高于炎性或增生性息肉患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);炎性或增生性息肉患者中湿热质、痰湿质最多,分别为30.77%、28.21%,湿热质、痰湿质占比均高于腺瘤性息肉患者,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:温州市常住居民CP筛查显示,CP发病率35.03%,CP患者中湿热质、痰湿质及气虚质占比最多,且CP患者年龄、息肉大小、病理类型与湿热质、痰湿质及气虚质具有一定的关系。

考虑微结构特征的陶瓷材料含损伤本构模型

为了研究不同微结构陶瓷材料的冲击破坏特征,以从微结构角度出发、描述陶瓷材料非弹性变形和断裂行为的Deshpande-Evan模型为基础构建本构模型,计算了无约束条件下材料的应力状态。为了验证改进模型的有效性,将VUMAT子程序编程方法将与ABAQUS有限元软件相结合,并将其应用于典型陶瓷材料(YAG透明陶瓷)冲击破坏过程的分析模拟。采用改进模型分析应变率、应力三轴度、晶粒尺寸及初始缺陷分布密度对YAG透明陶瓷动态力学行为和损伤演化机制的影响规律。结果表明:随着晶粒尺寸和裂纹分布密度的增加,YAG透明陶瓷破坏程度随之加剧,完全损伤区域面积也随之增加,晶粒尺寸对YAG透明陶瓷宏观破坏特征的影响程度要大于裂纹分布密度;YAG透明陶瓷失效强度以及断裂应变随着晶粒尺寸以及初始缺陷分布密度的增大而减小;随着应变率不断增加,YAG透明陶瓷在不同晶粒尺寸以及初始缺陷分布密度下的峰值应力和断裂应变均随之增加;裂纹扩展速度会随着晶粒尺寸的增加呈现出先增加而后平缓的趋势,裂纹扩展速度与初始缺陷分布密度系数成线性关系。改进模型可以描述YAG透明陶瓷微结构对其宏观破坏特征的影响,为进一步分析微结构对陶瓷材料宏观破坏特征的影响提供支撑。