Open public spaces provide venues for cultural, recreational events and promote informal social contact between citizens. Successful outdoor spaces promote comfort and invite people to stay outdoors. Provision of ther...Open public spaces provide venues for cultural, recreational events and promote informal social contact between citizens. Successful outdoor spaces promote comfort and invite people to stay outdoors. Provision of thermal comfort outdoors present a challenge, as an extended range of environmental conditions must be dealt with. The present study examines whether climatic characteristics in Dublin facilitate exercising tong-term outdoor activities during summer, and investigates the extent to which urban planning and the resulting urban morphology of the built environment influences microclimates created, from the viewpoint of wind environment. Microclimates at Grand Canal Square have been simulated by ENVI-met. Wind velocity has been expressed in relation to that of the ＂background＂ climate in order to verify if the site has a wind protecting character or to the contrary, it enhances airflow. The results show for the dominant wind directions （W, SW, S） that 60% higher wind velocity than at Dublin Airport can occur around building corners and at restricted flow sections--preventing any kind of long-term outdoor activity during a ＂typical＂ day. S and SW winds cause 15%-20% acceleration at the W waterfront area. Windy urban environment can call forth a limited frequentation of urban space.展开更多
To analyze the effect of energy conservation policies on energy consumption of residential buildings, the characteristics of energy consumption and indoor thermal comfort were investigated in detail in Tianjin, China,...To analyze the effect of energy conservation policies on energy consumption of residential buildings, the characteristics of energy consumption and indoor thermal comfort were investigated in detail in Tianjin, China, based on official statistical yearbook and field survey data. A comprehensive survey of 305 households indicates that the mean electricity consumption per household is 3215kWh/a, in which annual cooling electricity consumption is 344kWh/a, and the mean natural gas consumption for cooking is 103.2m3/a. Analysis of 3966 households data shows that space heating average intensity of residential buildings designed before 1996 is 133.7kWh/（m^2.a）, that of buildings designed between 1996 and 2004 is 117.2 kWh/（m^2.a）, and that of buildings designed after 2004 is 105.0kWh/（m^2.a）. Apparently, enhancing the performance of envelops is effective in reducing space heating intensity. Furthermore, the results of questionnaires show that 18% of the residents feel slightly warm and hot respectively, while 3% feel slightly cold in winter. Therefore, the electricity consumption in summer will rise for meeting indoor thermal comfort.展开更多
The parametric study of the indoor environment of green buildings focuses on the quantitative and qualitative improvement of residential building construction in China and the achievement of indoor thermal comfort at ...The parametric study of the indoor environment of green buildings focuses on the quantitative and qualitative improvement of residential building construction in China and the achievement of indoor thermal comfort at a low leve（ of energy use. This study examines the effect of the adaptive thermal comfort of indoor environment control in hot summer and cold winter （HSCW） zones. This work is based on a field study of the regional thermal assessment of two typical cases, the results of which are compared with simulated results of various scenarios of ＂energy efficiency＂ strategy and ＂healthy housing＂ environmental control. First, the simulated results show that the adaptive thermal comfort of indoor environment control is actuaUy balanced in terms of occupancy, comfort, and energy efficiency. Second, adaptive thermal comfort control can save more energy for heating or cooling than other current healthy housing environmental controls in China＇s HSCW zone. Moreover, a large proportion of energy use is based on the subjective thermal comfort demand of occupants in any building type. Third, the building shape coefficient cannot dominate energy savings. The ratio of the superficial area of a bui[ding to the actual indoor floor area has a significant positive correlation with and affects the efficiency of buiidin~ thermal performance.展开更多
文摘Open public spaces provide venues for cultural, recreational events and promote informal social contact between citizens. Successful outdoor spaces promote comfort and invite people to stay outdoors. Provision of thermal comfort outdoors present a challenge, as an extended range of environmental conditions must be dealt with. The present study examines whether climatic characteristics in Dublin facilitate exercising tong-term outdoor activities during summer, and investigates the extent to which urban planning and the resulting urban morphology of the built environment influences microclimates created, from the viewpoint of wind environment. Microclimates at Grand Canal Square have been simulated by ENVI-met. Wind velocity has been expressed in relation to that of the ＂background＂ climate in order to verify if the site has a wind protecting character or to the contrary, it enhances airflow. The results show for the dominant wind directions （W, SW, S） that 60% higher wind velocity than at Dublin Airport can occur around building corners and at restricted flow sections--preventing any kind of long-term outdoor activity during a ＂typical＂ day. S and SW winds cause 15%-20% acceleration at the W waterfront area. Windy urban environment can call forth a limited frequentation of urban space.
文摘To analyze the effect of energy conservation policies on energy consumption of residential buildings, the characteristics of energy consumption and indoor thermal comfort were investigated in detail in Tianjin, China, based on official statistical yearbook and field survey data. A comprehensive survey of 305 households indicates that the mean electricity consumption per household is 3215kWh/a, in which annual cooling electricity consumption is 344kWh/a, and the mean natural gas consumption for cooking is 103.2m3/a. Analysis of 3966 households data shows that space heating average intensity of residential buildings designed before 1996 is 133.7kWh/（m^2.a）, that of buildings designed between 1996 and 2004 is 117.2 kWh/（m^2.a）, and that of buildings designed after 2004 is 105.0kWh/（m^2.a）. Apparently, enhancing the performance of envelops is effective in reducing space heating intensity. Furthermore, the results of questionnaires show that 18% of the residents feel slightly warm and hot respectively, while 3% feel slightly cold in winter. Therefore, the electricity consumption in summer will rise for meeting indoor thermal comfort.
文摘The parametric study of the indoor environment of green buildings focuses on the quantitative and qualitative improvement of residential building construction in China and the achievement of indoor thermal comfort at a low leve（ of energy use. This study examines the effect of the adaptive thermal comfort of indoor environment control in hot summer and cold winter （HSCW） zones. This work is based on a field study of the regional thermal assessment of two typical cases, the results of which are compared with simulated results of various scenarios of ＂energy efficiency＂ strategy and ＂healthy housing＂ environmental control. First, the simulated results show that the adaptive thermal comfort of indoor environment control is actuaUy balanced in terms of occupancy, comfort, and energy efficiency. Second, adaptive thermal comfort control can save more energy for heating or cooling than other current healthy housing environmental controls in China＇s HSCW zone. Moreover, a large proportion of energy use is based on the subjective thermal comfort demand of occupants in any building type. Third, the building shape coefficient cannot dominate energy savings. The ratio of the superficial area of a bui[ding to the actual indoor floor area has a significant positive correlation with and affects the efficiency of buiidin~ thermal performance.
