精密卧式加工中心主轴轴向热误差补偿方法

热误差是精密机床最主要的误差源之一。主轴是机床的关键部件,其热误差直接影响机床的加工精度。文章以某型号精密卧式加工中心主轴为对象,对其温度场和热变形进行了仿真分析。根据仿真结果发现主轴轴向热变形更严重,并结合机床结构确定温度传感器布置位置。在此基础上,对不同转速下主轴部分位置温度和轴向热误差进行现场测试。运用最小二乘法建立热误差补偿模型,直接结合机床FANUC数控系统实施主轴轴向热误差补偿。经实验验证,补偿后主轴轴向热误差减小了85%以上。

Actualities and Development of Heavy-Duty CNC Machine Tool Thermal Error Monitoring Technology

Thermal error monitoring technology is the key technological support to solve the thermal error problem of heavy-duty CNC （computer numerical control） machine tools. Currently, there are many review literatures intro- ducing the thermal error research of CNC machine tools, but those mainly focus on the thermal issues in small and medium-sized CNC machine tools and seldom introduce thermal error monitoring technologies. This paper gives an overview of the research on the thermal error of CNC machine tools and emphasizes the study of thermal error of the heavy-duty CNC machine tool in three areas. These areas are the causes of thermal error of heavy-duty CNC machine tool and the issues with the temperature moni- toring technology and thermal deformation monitoring technology. A new optical measurement technology called the ＂fiber Bragg grating （FBG） distributed sensing tech- nology＂ for heavy-duty CNC machine tools is introduced in detail. This technology forms an intelligent sensing and monitoring system for heavy-duty CNC machine tools. This paper fills in the blank of this kind of review articlesto guide the development of this industry field and opens up new areas of research on the heavy-duty CNC machine tool thermal error.

负热膨胀材料在机床热误差补偿中的应用

金属材料的热胀冷缩性是机床热误差的根本来源。传统热误差补偿方法是根据机床实时温度,预测误差的产生时间和大小,控制刀刃的走位进行补偿,该补偿方法存在时间延迟性等缺陷。设想使用负热膨胀材料作为刀架材料,把回归法得到的机床-工件位置误差与有限元分析得到的刀具负变形联立,减小加工误差,为机床热误差补偿方法提供一种新的途径。

雕铣机运动部件温度动态检测及误差补偿系统

热变形是影响机床精度的主要因素之一。本文采用了将高速雕铣机丝杠的热变形误差值加入到执行数据中,通过修改G代码而实现热变形误差的补偿。经实际生产应用表明:该方法既不影响机床的高速性能,又能使机床的精度得到较大幅度的提高。