The influence of thermally assisted tunneling on the performance of charge trapping memory

We evaluate the influence of the thermally assisted tunneling （TAT） mechanism on charge trapping memory （CTM） cell performance by numerical simulation, and comprehensively analyse the effects of the temperature, trap depth, distribution of trapped charge, gate voltage and parameters of TAT on erasing/programming speed and retention performance. TAT is an indispensable mechanism in CTM that can increase the detrapping probability of trapped charge. Our results reveal that the TAT effect causes the sensitivity of cell performance to temperature and it could affect the operational speed, especially for the erasing operation. The results show that the retention performance degrades compared with when the TAT mechanism is ignored.

Enhancing the thermal conductivity of polymer-assisted deposited Al_2O_3 film by nitrogen doping

Polymer-assisted deposition technique has been used to deposit Al2O3 and N-doped Al2O3 （AION） thin films on Si（100） substrates. The chemical compositions, crystallinity, and thermal conductivity of the as-grown films have been characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS）, X-ray diffraction （XRD）, and 3-omega method, respectively. Amorphous and polycrystalline Al2O3 and AlON thin films have been formed at 700 ℃ and 1000 ℃. The thermal conductivity results indicated that the effect of nitrogen doping on the thermal conductivity is determined by the competition of the increase of Al-N bonding and the suppression of crystallinity. A 67% enhancement in thermal conductivity has been achieved for the samples grown at 700 ℃, demonstrating that the nitrogen doping is an effective way to improve the thermal performance of polymer-assisted-deposited Al2O3 thin films at a relatively low growth temperature.

Thermal Wave Effect and Sintering Activation Energy at the Initial Stage of Field Assisted Sintering Process for Non-conductive Al_2O_3 Powders

The effect of thermal wave at the initial stage for non-conductive Al_2 O_3 powders compact in field assisted sintering technique(FAST) was investigated. The Lord and Shulman type generalized thermoselastic theory was introduced to describe the influence of thermal-mechanical interaction, as well as the heat transport and thermal focusing caused by thermal wave propagation. The expression of vacancy concentration difference of the particles was deduced by considering transient thermal stress. Subsequently, the relationship between activation energy and vacancy concentration difference was obtained. The mechanism of surface diffusion, volume diffusion, simultaneous surface and volume diffusion was analyzed. The numerical simulations indicate that low sintering temperature can obtain high local temperature by the superposition effect of thermal wave. Vacancy concentration differences were improved during FAST compared with hot-pressure and pressureless sintering, thereby decreasing the sintering time. By contrast, the activation energy declined with the decrease of vacancy concentration difference in the neck growth process.

Salt-Assisted Combustion Synthesis of NdCoO_3 Nanoparticles and Their Catalytic Properties in Thermal Decomposition of Ammonium Perchlorate

Highly dispersed perovskite NdCoO3 nanoparticles were prepared by a novel salt-assisted combustion process. The effects of NaCl content and calcination temperature on the characteristics of the products were characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and BET surface area measurement. The facile introduction of NaCl in the conventional combustion synthesis process was found to result in the formation of well-dispersed perovskite nanoparticles and increase specific surface areas of the resultants from 1.7 to 43.2 m2·g-1. The catalytic properties of the typical NdCoO3 samples for thermal decomposition of ammonia perchlorate (AP) and their correlation with the NdCoO3 microstructure were investigated by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). The DSC results indicate that the addition of the amorphous NdCoO3 nanoparticles to AP incorporates two small exothermic peaks of AP into a strong exothermic peak, decreases the temperature of the AP exothermic peak to 314.0 ℃ by reduction of 138.3 ℃ and increases the apparent decomposition heat from 515 J·g-1 to over 1441 J·g-1, showing the intense catalytic activity for thermal decomposition of AP. It is also clear that the catalytic activity of the resultant NdCoO3 is related to their microstructure. According to Kissinger′s method, the kinetics parameters of the thermal decomposition of AP catalyzed by the as-prepared NdCoO3 samples were calculated to account for the order of their catalytic activity.

Review: Progress and Trends in Ultrasonic Vibration Assisted Friction Stir Welding

This paper aims to reviewthe state-of-the-art of ultrasonic vibration assisted friction stir welding(UVAFSW) process. Particular attention has been paid on the modes of ultrasonic exertion,experimental results and effects of ultrasonic vibrations on process effectiveness and joint quality. The trends of various aspects with and without ultrasonic vibrations in FSW process are studied and presented. The influence of ultrasonic vibrations on welding loads, temperature history, weld morphology, material flow, weld microstructure and mechanical properties are revisited. Ultrasonic assisted FSW offers numerous advantages over the conventional FSW process. The superimposing of high-frequency vibrations improves various phenomena of the process and the physical,metallurgical,mechanical and tribological properties of the welded joint. The ultrasonic assisted FSW process has a potential to benefit the industry sector. A checklist listing the materials and process parameters used in the documented studies has been presented for quick reference.

Microwave-Assisted Alkaline Pretreatment and Microwave Assisted Enzymatic Saccharification of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Fiber for Enhanced Fermentable Sugar Yield

Lignocellulosic materials are promising alternative feedstocks for bioethanol production. However, the recalcitrant nature of lignocellulosic biomass necessitates an efficient pretreatment pretreatment step to improve the yield of fermentable sugars and maximizing the enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency. Microwave pretreatment may be a good alternative as it can reduce the pretreatment time and improve the enzymatic activity during hydrolysis. The overall goal of this paper is to expand the current state of knowledge on microwave-based pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass and microwave assisted enzymatic reaction or Microwave Irradiation-Enzyme Coupling Catalysis (MIECC). In the present study, a comparison of microwave assisted alkali pretreatment was tried using Oil Palm empty fruit bunch. The microwave assisted alkali pretreatment of EFB using NaOH, significantly improved the enzymatic saccharification of EFB by removing more lignin and hemicellulose and increasing its accessibility to hydrolytic enzymes. The results showed that the optimum pretreatment condition was 3% (w/v) NaOH at 180 W for 12 minutes with the optimum component loss of lignin and holocellulose of about 74% and 24.5% respectively. The subsequent enzymatic saccharification of EFB pretreated by microwave assisted NaOH (3% w/v);resulted in 411 mg of reducing sugar per gram EFB at cellulose enzyme dosage of 20 FPU. The overall enhancement by the microwave treatment during the microwave assisted alkali pretreatment and microwave assisted enzymatic hydrolysis was 5.8 fold. The present study has highlighted the importance of well controlled microwave assisted enzymatic reaction to enhance the overall reaction rate of the process.

Revisiting “Non-Thermal” Batch Microwave Oven Inactivation of Microorganisms

Over the last few decades there has been active discussion concerning the mechanisms involved in “non-thermal” microwave-assisted inactivation of microorganisms. This work presents a novel non-invasive acoustic measurement of a domestic microwave oven cavity-magnetron operating at fo = 2.45 ± 0.05 GHz (λo ~ 12.2 cm) that is modulated in the time-domain (0 to 2 minutes). The measurements reveal the cavity-magnetron cathode filament cold-start warm-up period and the pulse width modulation periods (time-on time-off and base-time period, where time-on minus base-time = duty cycle). The waveform information is used to reconstruct historical microwave “non-thermal” homogeneous microorganism inactivation experiments: where tap-water is used to mimic the microorganism suspension;and ice, crushed ice, and ice slurry mixture are used as the cooling media. The experiments are described using text, diagrams, and photographs. Four key experimental parameters are indentified that influence the suspension time-dependent temperature profile. First, where the selected process time > the time-base, the cavity-magnetron continuous wave rated power should be used for each second of microwave illumination. Second, external crushed ice and ice slurry baths induce different cooling profiles due to difference in their heat absorption rates. In addition external baths may shield the suspension resulting in a retarding of the time-dependent heating profile. Third, internal cooling systems dictate that the suspension is directly exposed to microwave illumination due to the absence of surrounding ice volume. Fourth, four separated water dummy-loads isolate and control thermal heat transfer (conduction) to and from the suspension, thereby diverting a portion of the microwave power away from the suspension. Energy phase-space projections were used to compare the “non-thermal” energy densities of 0.03 to 0.1 kJ·m-1 at 800 W with reported thermal microwave-assisted microorganism inactivation energy densities of 0.5 to 5 kJ·m-1 at 1050 ± 50 W. Estimations of the “non-thermal” microwave-assisted root mean square of the electric field strength are found to be in the range of 22 to 41.2 V·m-1 for 800 W.

槽式太阳能辅助燃煤发电系统集成方式

针对某600 MW超临界发电机组,提出3种槽式太阳能辅助燃煤机组发电(SAPG)系统的集成方式.第1种为太阳能场并联取代高压加热器,第2种为太阳能场高压串联取代高压加热器,第3种为太阳能场低压串联取代高压加热器.利用Matlab编程建立槽式太阳能辅助燃煤电厂发电的仿真模型,在功率增大模式(PB模式)下仿真计算不同的集成方式热力性能,对3种集成方式下系统的太阳能发电量、光电转换效率、标准煤耗率等指标进行对比分析.结果表明,SAPG系统的3种集成方式随着太阳法向直接辐照度EDNI的增大,太阳能引入规模达到峰值为192.37 MW,太阳能发电量为59.55 MW,光电转换效率达到20.10%,标准煤耗率最低为264.44 g/(kW·h).当EDNI≤482 W/m2时,低压串联的集成方式下太阳能发电量、光电转换效率、标准煤耗率等指标均优于高压串联及并联集成的方式;当EDNI≥482 W/m2时,并联集成方式的热力性指标均优于其他2种集成方式,高压串联的集成方式热力性能指标最低.

响应面分析法优化减压热脱附技术处理油基钻屑

采用减压热脱附技术处理油基钻屑,考察了热脱附温度、热脱附时间和系统真空压力对脱油率的影响,在此基础上,采用响应面分析法建立了各因素与脱油率之间关系的数学模型,优化了工艺参数。实验结果表明,在热脱附温度350~450℃、系统真空压力-0.07~-0.09 MPa、热脱附时间60~90 min的条件下,脱油率可达98%以上。各因素对脱油率的影响依次为热脱附温度>系统真空压力>热脱附时间;在热脱附温度420℃、系统真空压力-0.08 MPa、热脱附时间80 min的最佳工艺条件下,平均脱油率为98.67%,与模型计算值(100%)仅相差1.33%,剩余固体的平均含油率为0.37%。回收油的组分与0号柴油基本一致,可用于配制钻井液。剩余固体中未发现重金属元素和放射性元素,能够满足《页岩气勘探开发油基岩屑处理方法及控制指标》(GB/T 41518—2022)中“可用于油气田建设基础材料”的要求。

激光照射岩石热裂特性与裂隙分布研究

激光辅助破岩是一种非接触式破岩技术,破岩效果主要受激光功率、照射时间和离焦距离等参数影响。选择石灰岩、砂岩和花岗岩3类岩石,开展了不同照射参数的破岩试验,分析了温度、射孔参数、比能、热裂效能、裂隙分布、矿物组分和微观结构等变化规律。结果表明,激光照射下3类岩石表面温度均超过2000℃、温度梯度最高可达1500℃/mm,相同位置处花岗岩表面温度和温度梯度最高、砂岩次之、石灰岩最低;3类岩石射孔直径、射孔深度和射孔速率均与照射参数密切相关,砂岩、石灰岩和花岗岩最大射孔速率分别为3.18,2.68,0.8 mm/s。相同照射参数下,比能较热裂效能高1~2个数量级,3类岩石比能排序为:花岗岩>石灰岩>砂岩。照射后岩样均存在数条主裂隙,沿径向延伸至试样边缘,石灰岩和花岗岩次生裂隙发育,砂岩未发现明显次生裂隙。照射后岩石矿物衍射强度和微观结构发生显著改变。

基于LSTM算法的火电厂智能辅助脱硝系统开发与工程应用

随着新能源电站上网电量的快速增长,常规火电机组承担电网调峰任务逐渐增多,锅炉烟气脱硝系统面临更加频繁多变的运行工况。为提高设备运行的可靠性,降低运维人员的监盘工作量,利用大数据分析与人工智能算法赋能电厂传统脱硝设备,为某350 MW超临界锅炉开发了智能辅助监盘系统。经训练优化,脱硝入口参数预测模型、电加热器性能监测模型、热一次风流量异常监测模型预测准确率均达到实用性要求。系统部署应用后,现场未再发生电加热器与热一次风流量不足故障,调峰工况下未再出现操作员过调与欠调问题,有效提升了SCR系统运行可靠性,减轻了人员工作强度,取得了良好的经济效益和环境效益。

声热耦合杀菌对乳中耐热枯草芽孢杆菌抑制作用研究进展

声热耦合技术作为一种温和有效的新兴杀菌技术,已成功用于多种食品中微生物安全的控制,尤其在乳制品加工领域具有广阔的应用前景。超声波有独特的动力杀菌策略,在缓解乳制品供应链压力、减少乳制品腐败带来的经济损失方面起到不容忽视的积极作用。本文从超声波的空化作用、破坏细胞壁和细胞膜、产生自由基和抗菌类物质及损伤细胞代谢相关酶等方面综述近10年国内外关于声热耦合杀菌技术抑制枯草芽孢杆菌的机制和研究进展,提出一种控制乳制品中污染菌体数量的新型杀菌方法,旨在为今后更好地研究和应用该技术控制乳制品贮藏加工过程中耐热芽孢杆菌污染、降低耐热芽孢杆菌残留引起的乳制品劣变风险、更好地保障产品货架期内品质安全提供参考。

电脉冲轧制6061Al电热耦合模型及电弧加热机理分析

通过COMSOL Multiphysics仿真软件模拟高频脉冲电流激励时两板间界面处电弧的产生。讨论了在高频脉冲电流激励下,两块具有一定角度的金属板在电脉冲辅助轧制过程中界面处产生电弧的条件,并结合电磁学分析了电弧的形成机理。结果表明,在电脉冲辅助轧制过程中,除了焦耳加热外,还存在电弧加热现象,当加载300 A电流和10 kHz频率时,可以产生电弧并使两块铝板结合形成焊点。随着电流的增加,电弧温度和电势差也相应增加。在800 A电流下,电弧温度可达4 210 K,电势差可达54.5 V,已达到电弧形成的条件,但产生的电弧并不稳定。电弧的存在不仅瞬间加热了板材,提高了界面结合强度,而且在电弧力的作用下更容易形成波纹界面。模拟结果显示,加载800 A电流下可以产生超过4 000 K的电弧,并且在第一个脉冲周期内形成;并拟合了电弧产生的热源方程;为电脉冲辅助轧制研究提供了新思路。

Supramolecular Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Materials via Through-Space Charge Transfer

Thermally activated delayed fluorescence(TADF)polymeric materials based on through-space charge transfer(TSCT)have emerged as a highly studied topic in recent years.However,the construction of TSCT TADF materials via a supramolecular approach is still a big challenge.In this work,we report the noncovalent synthesis of TSCT TADF materials using a cyclic peptide-based bottle-brushed supramolecular polymer as a scaffold.By bringing the TSCT donor and acceptor in close proximity in space using the supramolecular scaffold,distinctive TADF emission in both solution and solid states could be achieved.Furthermore,the TADF system could be utilized as a sensitizer to coassemble with fluorescence acceptors to build thermally assisted fluorescence systems,resulting in color-tunable delayed fluorescence with high efficiency and color purity.Our findings provide a facile yet effective approach to designing and fabricating TSCT TADF materials,which might hold great potential for applications in the fields of organic light-emitting diode,bioimaging,and sensing.

激光照射花岗岩抗拉强度及孔隙分布研究

激光辅助破岩技术有助于提高超硬、超深地层资源的开采效率。采用控制变量法开展了激光热裂花岗岩试验,分析了温度、射孔参数、比能、热裂效能、抗拉强度和孔隙分布等变化规律。结果表明,激光照射下花岗岩表面温度超过1000℃;花岗岩射孔直径、深度和射孔速率随照射参数呈非线性变化,最大射孔直径、深度和速率分别为10.0mm、12.0mm和2.70mm/s;花岗岩最大比能和热裂效能分别为87.8kJ/cm^(3)和39.5kJ/cm^(3)。激光照射后花岗岩单轴破坏模式为脆性破坏,抗拉强度最大降幅为74.11%。激光照射导致岩石内部中小孔隙连通形成大孔隙,并最终导致岩石断裂。

低温快速制备基于溶液工艺的高性能氧化铟薄膜及晶体管

利用脉冲紫外线辅助热退火在200℃的低温条件下,5 min内制备了基于溶液工艺的氧化铟薄膜及薄膜晶体管.对比传统热退火,研究了脉冲紫外线辅助热退火对氧化铟薄膜的表面形态、化学结构和电学特性的影响.实验结果表明,脉冲紫外线辅助热退火方式能够在短时间内实现改善氧化铟薄膜的质量及薄膜晶体管的性能.原子力显微镜和场发射扫描电子显微镜结果显示该薄膜表面较传统热退火制备薄膜表面更为致密平坦.X射线光电能谱测试表明,脉冲紫外线辅助热退火处理后会产生氧空位,从而提高载流子浓度,改善了氧化铟薄膜的导电性.此外,对比研究了紫外线辅助热退火对氧化铟薄膜晶体管电气性能的影响.结果表明器件的电学特性得到了明显改善,亚阈值摆幅降低至0.12 mV/dec,阈值电压为7.4 V,电流开关比高达1.29×107,场效应迁移率提升至1.27 cm^(2)/(V·s).因此,脉冲紫外线辅助热退火是一种简单、快速的退火方式,即使在低温条件下也能快速提高氧化铟薄膜和薄膜晶体管的性能.

面向电辅助制造的大电流脉冲电源建模与设计

电辅助制造(EAM)是一种前景广阔且发展迅速的金属加工方法。低压大电流脉冲电源是EAM中的关键子系统之一,需要进行合理设计以应对EAM场景下器件瞬态温度变化大的情况。提出了一种基于器件级电热建模的低压大电流脉冲电源的模型设计方法。首先,通过器件级有限元仿真得到了关键部件的热应力,并提出了一种简化的热建模方法,以减轻有限元模拟的计算负担,得到脉冲电流作用下的动态热剖面。其次,基于热模型,研究了电流脉冲持续时间对MOSFET最高温度和温度变化的影响。最后,以10 V/500 A脉冲电源为例进行了理论分析和验证。研究结果有助于EAM应用中脉冲电源的优化设计。

基于连续-离散方法的微波照射下花岗岩力学行为与破裂特征

微波辅助破岩具有绿色、低能耗等优点,是有望实现深部煤炭资源开发中硬岩地层高效掘进的技术手段,其机理引发了工程与学术界的关注。基于花岗岩组分矿物微波吸收升温差异,借助连续介质微波电磁分析及离散元力学模型,实现了微观矿物温度离散赋值,提出了微波照射下花岗岩力学性质的计算分析方法,从温度场分布、力学性质和破坏形态验证了方法的可靠性,揭示了微波照射下花岗岩破裂规律、单/三轴加载条件下的力学行为及破裂机制。计算结果表明:(1)微波照射下,试样出现2个相对低温区域和1个热点区域。在低照射功率(≤2 kW)情况下,试样内部裂纹数量极少;高照射功率(≥3 kW)下,试样内部裂纹以晶粒边界拉伸破坏为主导逐渐发育,并以热点区域为中心向四周延拓形成裂纹网络。(2)对于单轴压缩,试样峰值应力、弹性模量和损伤阈值均随照射功率增加而降低,在高照射功率(≥3 kW)下,力学参数跌落更加明显;当照射功率较高(≥3 kW)时,微波照射后初始裂纹主导了受载试样的裂纹演化,试样呈现沿初始裂纹扩展趋势并出现显著的局部破坏。(3)对于三轴压缩,随照射功率增加,初始围压对试样强度提升效果越发强烈;低照射功率(≤2 kW)下,弹性模量随围压变化不明显,高照射功率(≥3 kW)下,初始围压对弹性模量的提升格外显著;随照射功率增加,围压促进了破碎颗粒的继续承载及应力传递,试样破坏由晶间破坏主导向晶内破坏主导转变,进而引发裂纹网络充分发育,抑制了高功率(≥3 kW)照射产生的局部结构集中破坏。

Aromatization of virgin olive oil by seeds of Pimpinella anisum using three different methods:Physico-chemical change and thermal stability of flavored oils

Knowing that flavored products would increase the use of olive oil by non-traditional consumers and enhance the added value of this valuable agricultural product,the virgin olive oil(VOO)was flavored with the seeds of Pimpinella anisum(Green anise)using three different methods:classic maceration,ultrasonic assisted maceration and direct addition of the essential oil(EO).These methodswere compared under two main criteria:time and level of aromatization.The physico-chemical parameters and the thermal stability of flavored oils prepared by the three methods were determined by AOAC titration method and GC–MS analysis so as to compare the aromatization effect of the three methods.The trans-anethole is the major component of the EO of anise seeds as well as the indicator of the level of aromatization.GC/MS analysis results of the flavored oils showed that the diffusion of trans-anethole in the flavored oil by direct addition of EO was very important(36.3%of the total volatile fraction of the flavored oil)in comparison to the oil flavored by ultrasonic assisted maceration or classic maceration(respectively 26.59%and 23.85%).These different aromatization methods ensure an improvement in the quality of VOO with an enrichment in polyphenols estimated at 35%in the case of ultrasonic flavored oil,an increase in the content of carotenoids and chlorophylls(67%and 21%respectively)in the event of aromatization by classic maceration,and a decrease in specific absorbency at 232 nmestimated at 29%during aromatization by addition of EO as well as a decrease in the peroxide value estimated at 26%in oil flavored by classic maceration unlike in oil flavored by ultrasoundwhich has seen an increase of around 20%.The aromatization was able to maintain the stability of the oils and its qualification as VOO with a gain in induction time in the case of treatment at 60℃ estimated at 29 and 27.5 d respectively in oils flavored by addition of EO and by conventional maceration,an improvement resistance to degradation concerning K_(232) and K_(270) of all flavored oils which varied from 15 to 40 d in the case of treatment at 60℃ and 3 h resistance to degradation of oils treated at 130℃ for K_(232).Polyphenols,chlorophyll pigments and carotenoids play an important role in oxidative stability due to their antioxidant nature and their degradation during heating is very complex.All of these physico-chemical changes have increased the thermal stability of flavored oils with better resistance to oxidation of flavored oil by classic maceration in compared to oil flavored by adding EO and the oil flavored by using ultrasound.

Prediction of the Enhanced Out-of-Plane Thermal Conductivity of Carbon Fiber Composites Produced by VARTM

The thermal conductivity of epoxy resin can be increased by a factor of eight to ten by loading with highly conductive particles. However, higher loadings increase the viscosity of the resin and hamper its use for liquid composite molding processes. Thus, the enhancement of the out-of-plane thermal conductivity of carbon composites manufactured by VARTM and accomplished by matrix filling is limited to about 250%. In order to derive higher increases in out-of-plane thermal conductivity, additional measures have to be taken. These consist of introducing thermally conductive fibers in out-of-plane direction of the preform using a 3D-weaving process. Measured out-of-plane thermal conductivities of 3D-woven fabric composites are significantly increased compared to a typical laminated composite. It has been shown that if introducing highly conductive z-fibers, the use of a particle filled resin is not necessary and furthermore should be avoided due to the manufacturing problems mentioned above. An existing analytical model was altered to predict the effective thermal conductivity as a function of the composite material properties such as the thermal conductivities and volume contents of fibers in in-plane and out-of-plane directions, the thermal conductivity of the loaded resin, the grid-density of the out- of-plane fibers, and material properties of the contacting material. The predicted results are compared with measured data of manufactured samples.