Solution of Coal Char-steam Pressurized Kinetic Parameters Based on Atmospheric Thermo Gravimetric Analyzer

根据文献中气化速率对总压不敏感、对反应气体分压敏感的实验结论，探索利用常压热重实验得到加压动力学参数的便捷方法。采用NETZSCH STA449F3同步热分析仪进行4种煤焦与水蒸气反应的常压热重实验（水蒸气分压pH2O为0.016~0.053 MPa），通过实验数据处理，获得反应速率与温度、水蒸气分压的关系式，分别以 n 级速率方程和Langmuir-Hinshelwood （LH）速率方程表示，并对上述关系式在水蒸气分压为0.057~0.063 MPa 的工况下进行了实验验证。随着水蒸气分压增大，计算结果与实验数据的相对误差逐渐减小。LH速率方程比n级速率方程更适合描述水蒸气分压的作用。水蒸气分压对反应速率的影响程度随水蒸气分压升高而减小。温度对煤焦-水蒸气反应速率的影响程度大于水蒸气分压对反应速率的影响。温度范围较窄时，煤种本身引起的煤焦反应活性变化幅度会超过温度对煤焦反应活性的影响。在不同的温度和水蒸气分压下，煤种的化学反应活性强弱次序会发生变化，某一特定工况下的次序不能未加实验而随意扩展到其他工况。

Physical and Thermo-Mechanical Properties of Composite Materials Based on Raw Earth and Crushed Palm Leaf Fibers (Borassus aethiopum)

The objective of this study is to seek solutions to reduce the impact of buildings on climate change and to promote the use of local bio-sourced or geo-sourced materials for sustainable construction. Different samples of raw earth from 3 sites were taken in the commune of Mlomp. Geotechnical tests showed that the raw earth samples from sites 2 and 3 have more clay fraction while site 1 contains more sand. The fact of integrating fibers from crushed palm leaves (Borassus aethiopum) (2%, 4% and 6%) into the 3 raw earth samples reduced the mechanical resistance to compression and traction of the 3 raw earths. The experimental results of thermal tests on samples of earth mixtures with crushed Palma leaf fibers show a decrease in thermal conductivity as well as thermal effusivity as the percentages increase (2%, 4% and 6%) of fibers in raw earth for the 3 sites. This shows that this renewable composite material can help improve the thermal insulation of building envelopes.

Geophysical Study: Estimation of Deposit Depth Using Gravimetric Data and Euler Method (Jalalabad Iron Mine, Kerman Province of IRAN)

Mineral exploration is done by different methods. Geophysical and geochemical studies are two powerful tools in this field. In integrated studies, the results of each study are used to determine the location of the drilling boreholes. The purpose of this study is to use field geophysics to calculate the depth of mineral reserve. The study area is located 38 km from Zarand city called Jalalabad iron mine. In this study, gravimetric data were measured and mineral depth was calculated using the Euler method. 1314 readings have been performed in this area. The rocks of the region include volcanic and sedimentary. The source of the mineralization in the area is hydrothermal processes. After gravity measuring in the region, the data were corrected, then various methods such as anomalous map remaining in levels one and two, upward expansion, first and second-degree vertical derivatives, analytical method, and analytical signal were drawn, and finally, the depth of the deposit was estimated by Euler method. As a result, the depth of the mineral deposit was calculated to be between 20 and 30 meters on average.

Chemical Analysis Method for Carbon Bearing Refractory Products——Determination of the Total Carbon by Combustion Gravimetric Method

GB/T 13245-91 1 Theme and Scope This standard specifies the method abstract, reagents, apparatus, specimen, analyzing procedure, result calculation and permissible tolerance used for determination of the total carbon with combustion gravimetric method.

GPS-GRAVIMETRIC GEOID DETERMINATION IN EGYPT

The main objective of this study is to improve the geoid by GPS/leveling data in Egypt.Comparisons of the gravimetric geoid with GPS/leveling data have been performed.On the basis of a gravimetric geoid fitted to GPS/leveling by the least square method,a smoothed geoid was obtained.A high_resolution geoid in Egypt was computed with a 2.5′×2.5′ grid by combining the data set of 2 600 original point gravity values,30″×30″ resolution Digital Terrain Model (DTM) grid and the spherical harmonic model EGM96.The method of computation involved the strict evaluation of the Stokes integral with 1D_FFT.The standard deviation of the difference between the gravimetric and the GPS/leveling geoid heights is ±0.47 m.The standard deviation after fitting of the gravimetric geoid to the GPS/leveling points is better than ±13 cm.In the future we will try to improve our geoid results in Egypt by increasing the density of gravimetric coverage.

Lithosphere structures dynamics in the central High Atlas(Morocco)by seismic tomography and gravimetric data

We investigate sedimentological and tectonic processes at the central High Atlas, in order to understand their functioning and to build a geodynamic model that placed the area in its current geological frame.The analysis used here is based on the numerical enhancement of a Landsat image where the main goal is to map surface sedimentary deposits throughout the central High Atlas in order to delimit the large geological structures. The sediment distribution throughout central High Atlas indicates that this one is a large tectonic subsiding basin, where the ongoing tectonic events and the geodynamical evolution remain to be explained by other prospecting techniques.3-D structure velocities obtained by local seismic tomography and enhancement techniques of gravimetric anomalies are used to explore and define deep structure beneath the central High Atlas. The goal is to establish the evolution of the deep structure related to the geodynamical processes. Modest crustal thickness variation beneath the central High Atlas(~20-~40 km) define by local tomography and gravimetric anomalies, confirms that, a major part of the lower crust is detached into the lithosphere by delamination. Gravimetric anomaly, local seismic tomography and vertical cross sections throughout the central High Atlas, suggest that the lower crust detached is related to the broken slab of remain northward subduction beneath High and Middle Atlas. Meanwhile, extrusions of heated Asthenosphere materials induce the rifting stage concomitant to tectonic subsidence of the basin.

High sensitivity gravimetric sensor made of unidirectional carbon fiber epoxy composite on (1-x)Pb(Zn_(1/3)Nb_(2/3))O_3-xPbTiO_3 single crystal substrate

We have derived a general formula for sensitivity optimization of gravimetric sensors and have used it to design a high sensitivity gravimetric sensor using unidirectional carbon fiber epoxy composite （CFEC） waveguide layer on （1 -x）Pb（Znl/3Nbz/3）O3-xPbTiO3 （PZN-xPT） single crystal substrate with the carbon fibers parallel to the xj and x2 axes, respectively. The normalized maximum sensitivity （｜sfm｜λ）max exhibits an increasing tendency with the decrease of （h/λ）opt and the maximum sensitivity （｜sfm｜λ）max increases with the elastic constant c6E6 of the piezoelectric substrate material. For the CFEC/[011]c poled PZN-7%PT single crystal sensor configuration, with the carbon fibers parallel to the xa axis at λ = 24 ktm, the maximum sensitivity ｜sfm｜max can reach as high as 1156 cmZ/g, which is about three times that of a traditional SiO2/ST quartz structure gravimetric sensor. The better design selection is to have the carbon fibers parallel to the direction of propagation of Love wave in order to obtain the best sensitivity.

Creation of the Gravimetric Network and Determination of the GEOÏD in the Mediterranean Basin (Region-Tunisia)

The determination of geoid models with great precision (centimeter) was always at the center of interest in geodesy research [1] [2]. One of the most used methods to calculate the geoid model is the method called Remove-Compute-Restore (R-C-R). This method applies the stokes’ integral formula by the use of short, medium and long wavelength information via the three main stages R-C-R. The GravSoft software implemented by [3] was used for this study. Geodetic heights, a digital terrain model (SRTM) and leveled GPS points were used as inputs. The geoid modeling was carried out on the North region of Tunisia (Grand Tunis and Bizerte) on an area of 83 × 83 km. The accuracy of the quasi-geoid provisional reached 3.1 cm.

Models for Fitting Gravimetric Geoids and GPS Results

The aim of this investigation is to study how to use a gravimetric (quasi) geoid for levelling by GPS data in an optimal way.The advent of precise geodetic GPS has made the use of a technique possible,which might be called GPS_ gravimetric geoid determination.In this approach,GPS heights above the reference ellipsoid are determined for points whose levelled (orthometric) height H is above sea level people have already surveyed;for these points,we thus have the values of the geoid undulation N .These values are then used to constrain the geoid undulations N′ obtained from the gravimetric solution.

An Alternative Technique for Determining Gravimetric Particle Mass Deposition on Filter Substrate: The Particle Extraction Method

Airborne particulate matter (PM) filter sample processing is susceptible to error and can present issues associated with organizing samples, tracking data, and maintaining weighing conditions. While filter weighing facilities should implement robust quality assurance and control checks to ensure that data collection is accurate and filter storage is secure, mistakes and accidents can still occur that compromise valuable data. This paper presents a novel approach to PM filter sample processing that allows for data validation or data recovery while ensuring data integrity. The technique approximates the original, unused pre-sampling weight of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) filters after PM collection to determine PM mass-deposition (MD). The method describes the extraction of PM loaded on PTFE filters via sonication in relatively non-toxic solvents, methanol and distilled water. The extraction method is compared to the standard gravimetric PM MD determination method for a set of 265 PTFE filters with mean post-sampling filter mass of 116 ± 3.6 mg, mean estimated PM MD using the standard method of 367 ± 589 μg, and mean estimated PM MD using the extraction method of 371 ± 589 μg. A Deming regression comparison of the two methods yields a slope of 0.9983 and a Pearson’s r of 0.999. A Bland-Altman assessment of the percent and absolute differences between the two methods shows the limits of agreement between 32.5% and 25.5% and -61.9 and 50.1 μg, respectively. The 99% confidence interval of the mean difference in mass deposition between the two methods is -5.8 ± 4.5 μg. These data demonstrate that estimating pre-sampling PTFE filter mass by extracting PM from sampled filters is a viable technique for gravimetric filter analysis. This method is of use in recovering pre-sampling filter weights that have been lost, incorrectly measured, or otherwise compromised.

Seismic-gravimetric analysis of the subducted Nazca plate 1 between 32°S and 36°S

The study region is seismically and tectonically characterized by the angle variations in the subduction of the Nazca plate. The results obtained from earthquakes location between 32° and 36°S latitude and67°-71°W longitude are presented in this work. The presence of a wedge of asthenospheric materials and the partial or total eclogitization of the subducted Nazca plate and its relation with isostatic cortex models published was analyzed. In addition, a gravimetric profile obtained from gravity forward modeling is presented at 33.5°S, proposing a new configuration at depths for the main tectonic components： Nazca plate, asthenospheric wedge and South American plate. Also, a new density scheme using recently published velocity models was obtained.

Chemical Analysis of Magnesia and Magnesia-Alumina Refractory Materials——Gravimetric method for determination of loss on ignition

1 Scope This standard specifies the gravimetric method for determination of loss on ignition.

不同官能团修饰碳纳米管填充PP复合材料分子模拟

随着光伏发电和海上发电等新型清洁能源的迅速发展,对薄膜电容器的工作温度提出了更高的要求。然而,当前使用最泛的双向拉伸聚丙烯(BOPP)电容器薄膜在高温以上时无法胜任应用需求。基于实验与仿真的方法,对聚丙烯(PP)、碳纳米管及羟基、氨基、羧基功能化碳纳米管(CNTs-COOH)填充PP复合体系进行热重试验、玻璃化转变温度、热导率、自由体积分数和均方位移等性能的研究。结果表明,经羧基修饰的碳纳米管与PP复合后的热学性能增加效果最为显著,氨基、羟基修饰的碳纳米管体系次之。CNTs-COOH复合材料具有更优异的性能,其起始热分解温度和玻璃化转变温度分别提高了76.15℃和40.33℃,热导率较纯PP体系提高了18.27%,自由体积分数降低至17.96%。羧基的加入能够有效占据PP/CNTs复合体系中的空穴,减缓复合体系分子链段的移动和降低复合体系的均方位移,使得PP复合体系保持良好的热稳定性。研究结果可为适用于高温条件的PP电容器薄膜材料提供参考。

镍基高温合金的热机械疲劳寿命预测模型研究

针对发动机热端部件常用材料镍基高温合金GH4169进行了200~450℃及400~650℃条件下的同相位热机械疲劳(TMF)试验,考虑TMF条件下多晶材料在弹性阶段产生的微观损伤应变能,提出一种适用于多晶材料的TMF寿命预测模型,并结合试验数据确定模型参数;采用GH4169、IN718、DD8三种高温合金对该模型的TMF寿命预测能力进行评估,结果表明,提出的寿命模型预测精度高于TMF寿命预测常用的Manson-Coffin模型和Ostergren模型。

小麦光温敏核雄性不育系BS366和BS1086杂种一代结实率研究

为了解小麦光温敏核雄性不育系BS366和BS1086的育性恢复状况,评估恢复系人工定向改良对其恢复能力的效果,在不育生态区对以55份定向改良的恢复系和33份非改良恢复系(常规小麦)为父本配制的杂种一代的结实率进行了分析。结果表明,BS366和BS1086杂种一代结实率变化范围为15.42%~140.34%和20.28%~119.07%(国际法),平均结实率分别为73.02%和72.21%,二者差异不显著,说明2份母本的育性恢复能力差异不显著。BS366和BS1086杂种一代结实率主要分布于40%~110%和60%~100%间,BS1086杂种一代结实率分布更为集中。BS366和BS1086与改良父本的杂种一代平均结实率分别为84.45%和78.97%,与非改良父本的杂种一代平均结实率分别为53.97%和60.95%,改良父本的平均恢复力高于非改良父本,表明定向改良有利于提高恢复系的恢复力。BS366和BS1086与相同父本的杂种一代结实率差异在-41.66%~61.93%之间,表明相同父本对不同母本的育性恢复力存在差异。BS366和BS1086与相同改良父本的杂种一代中有61.82%的结实率差异分布于-10%~20%之间,与相同非改良父本的杂种一代中有51.52%的结实率差异在-30%~0%之间,表明同一改良父本对不同母本的育性恢复力差异小于非改良父本。BS366与14份父本、BS1086与7份父本的杂种一代结实率高于对照,其中父本14YH261、14YH551、SD036与2份母本杂种一代的结实率均高于对照,说明具有可用恢复力的父本不仅数量极少,而且对不同母本的恢复力存在较大差异。杂种一代主茎穗的平均结实率极显著大于分蘖穗。因此,建议对不同母本分别开展强恢复力的恢复系筛选,并以中选强恢复系为亲本进行定向改良,有效增加杂种一代结实率达对照水平的组合数量,为获得更多强优势杂交组合奠定基础。

双碳时代下多源生物质热化学转化资源化利用研究进展

生物质是唯一的可再生碳资源,具有来源广泛、储量丰富等显著优势,利用先进的生物质热化学转化技术,可获得多种高值燃料、化学品和碳基材料,进而实现对化石资源的部分替代,在新能源领域具有重要的战略地位和发展前景。尽管生物质能源化利用技术已取得长足发展,但伴随社会与科技飞速进步,生物质的范畴已不再局限于传统农林废弃物,而是涵盖了农林源、工业源和生活源等多种来源的有机废弃物。复杂组成结构和差异化热分解特性为生物质的高选择性和大规模转化带来严重阻碍,如何实现其高值资源化利用仍面临诸多挑战。论述了生物质热化学转化技术发展现状,从多源生物质组成与热分解特性出发,针对热转化产物品质低和选择性差等问题,对比分析了当前选择性热解制备高值产物、热解重整制氢、新型气化等多种前沿资源化利用技术的最新研究成果与发展趋势。然而,要推动双碳时代下多源生物质热化学转化技术的进一步发展,仍需重点关注以下方面。首先,规模化利用是未来发展的必然趋势,开发高效的催化工艺与反应装备至关重要。通过突破催化剂效率瓶颈与循环再生技术,降低催化运行成本,同时研发新型热转化反应设备,优化传热与抗结焦性能,实现目标产物的定向富集,配合高效的原料收储运策略,从全流程提升生物质热化学转化工业化生产经济性。其次,全组分转化是实现生物质高值利用的关键。通过深入研究生物质不同特征组分分解机理和协同转化机制,开发耦合多重预处理、定向热转化和精准分离冷凝等技术,将生物质原料转化为富含高值化学品的生物油、高品质可燃气和高性能炭材料,实现热解多联产综合利用,有效提高技术资源产出率。最后,多能互补也是未来重要发展方向。通过将生物质与其他清洁能源与电力进行有效整合,充分发挥生物质热分解产物的长周期化学储能特性,构建灵活的多能互补供应体系,实现新能源产业的多维发展与经济效益提升。

基于稳态有限元法的组合式活塞疲劳寿命分析

活塞作为柴油机关键部件之一,通过台架试验评估其使用寿命成本昂贵,因此为分析某型号国产研制改进后的柴油机活塞在热-机负荷作用下的疲劳寿命,以该V型增压柴油机的活塞为研究对象,建立活塞连杆机构装配体有限元模型,计算了活塞在热载荷下的温度分布和热-机耦合作用下的应力分布。在此基础上,将实测的柴油机命。计算结果表明,由于活塞头部工作环境恶劣、头部和裙部的接触面受螺栓预紧力挤压,使得活塞的短寿命区出现在燃烧室侧壁面与活塞裙顶部截面突变处;活塞裙部疲劳寿命满足厂商设计使用寿命45000 h,活塞头部仅在特定存活率下满足设计使用寿命45000 h。

温度敏感智能导电水凝胶的制备及性能研究

为适应学科前沿领域的发展需求,更好地培养学生的探究精神和创新能力,需要设计多学科融合的创新实验来提高学生的整体科研素质。本实验通过N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(NIPAm)和2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸钠(AMPSNa)的自由基聚合反应,制备得到具有温度响应特性的导电水凝胶。该水凝胶在一定温度区间表现出明显的体积相转变,其电性能随着温度变化而发生规律性变化。本实验涉及高分子化学反应的基本操作,还包含了温敏体积相转变测试、扣式电池器件的组装和电性能测试等环节,同时还融入了聚合物微观链结构和电性能变化之间关系的探究。本实验通过简便的水相自由基聚合反应,加深学生对自由基聚合反应的认识,锻炼学生对智能聚合物的制备、测试及结果分析的综合实践能力,培养创新意识,适合化学和材料类专业学生的综合实验教学。

碱金属迁移转化对生物质灰沾污结渣的影响研究进展

生物质热化学转化利用过程会产生大量的生物质灰,其钾、钠等碱金属元素的含量高,导致其熔融温度低,在高温下极易熔融或挥发,进而对锅炉、管道或设备受热面造成沾污结渣、腐蚀等危害。为系统了解碱金属迁移转化对生物质灰沾污结渣影响的研究并预测其发展趋势,首先,归纳生物质热化学转化过程中由碱金属迁移转化引发的安全问题及危害;其次,回顾和总结近年来国内外生物质灰沾污结渣机理方面的研究进展,主要包括不同热化学转化来源生物质灰沾污结渣演变规律和碱金属迁移转化特性研究等;最后,预测生物质灰沾污结渣防治研究的发展趋势。研究结果显示:生物质热化学转化过程中碱金属的赋存形式和演化特征是影响灰熔融和沾污结渣特性的重要因素,不同热化学转化来源生物质灰的熔融和烧结规律是灰沾污结渣防治研究的关键。以往针对碱金属迁移转化特性的研究,大多只考虑生物质自身的燃料性质、矿物组成等,对不同热化学转化过程中碱金属迁移转化对生物质灰沾污结渣和熔融烧结的影响以及不同形式碱金属成分的影响研究仍不够深入和系统,尚未形成完善的理论体系,这将成为以后的重点研究方向。

微波消解-钼酸铅重量法测定焙烧钼精矿中钼含量

采用微波消解方法对焙烧钼精矿样品消解,用乙酸铅沉淀溶液中的钼酸根生成钼酸铅沉淀,沉淀经过滤、洗涤、灼烧、称重。氨水分离后残渣中的钼用硫氰酸盐分光光度法进行测定后予以补正,计算得到钼含量,测定范围:40.00%~65.00%,相对标准偏差(RSD)小于5%。