The thermodynamic factor in diffusion in the L1_2-type non-stoichiometricintermetallic compounds Ni_3Ga and Pt_3In was derived from the experimentally measured activities ofGa and In, respectively. The results show th...The thermodynamic factor in diffusion in the L1_2-type non-stoichiometricintermetallic compounds Ni_3Ga and Pt_3In was derived from the experimentally measured activities ofGa and In, respectively. The results show that the thermodynamic factor in diffusion in the Ni_3Gaand Pt_3In compounds exhibits the maximum near the stoichiometric composition with the variation ofcomposition over the compound region. The values indicate strong interaction between Ni and Gaatoms, as well as Pt and In atoms, respectively, as expected in ordered alloys.展开更多
Lightning is an important natural source of wildfires and oxynitride,and hence significantly influences ecological systems and atmospheric chemistry.Here,we choose South Asia,an important region for global water reall...Lightning is an important natural source of wildfires and oxynitride,and hence significantly influences ecological systems and atmospheric chemistry.Here,we choose South Asia,an important region for global water reallocation and global climate changes,to examine lightning variations based on the longest existing lightning dataset from the OTD/LIS observations.We identify a clear increase in lightning density in the research region,increasing at a rate of 0.096 fl km^(-2)a^(-1)over the last two decades.Multiple linear regression analysis is adopted to identify the main influencing factors among ten potential thermodynamic or microphysical factors and the crucial areas contributing to the increases in lightning.The surface latent heat flux along the west coast of the Indian subcontinent is the largest contributor,explaining52%of the lightning variance and contributing to a 0.025 fl km^(-2)a^(-1)increase.The sea surface temperature in the Arabian Sea,the convective available potential energy(CAPE)over the northwestern Indian subcontinent,and the wind shear along the northwestern coast also make important contributions to the lightning increase,indicating that the thermodynamic effects overwhelm the microphysical effects on lightning activity over the South Asia region.展开更多
基金This project is jointly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 29871005) the Science Foundation of Austria (No. P12962-CHE).
文摘The thermodynamic factor in diffusion in the L1_2-type non-stoichiometricintermetallic compounds Ni_3Ga and Pt_3In was derived from the experimentally measured activities ofGa and In, respectively. The results show that the thermodynamic factor in diffusion in the Ni_3Gaand Pt_3In compounds exhibits the maximum near the stoichiometric composition with the variation ofcomposition over the compound region. The values indicate strong interaction between Ni and Gaatoms, as well as Pt and In atoms, respectively, as expected in ordered alloys.
基金jointly supported by the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition Program (2019QZKK0104)China and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41630425, 41761144074)
文摘Lightning is an important natural source of wildfires and oxynitride,and hence significantly influences ecological systems and atmospheric chemistry.Here,we choose South Asia,an important region for global water reallocation and global climate changes,to examine lightning variations based on the longest existing lightning dataset from the OTD/LIS observations.We identify a clear increase in lightning density in the research region,increasing at a rate of 0.096 fl km^(-2)a^(-1)over the last two decades.Multiple linear regression analysis is adopted to identify the main influencing factors among ten potential thermodynamic or microphysical factors and the crucial areas contributing to the increases in lightning.The surface latent heat flux along the west coast of the Indian subcontinent is the largest contributor,explaining52%of the lightning variance and contributing to a 0.025 fl km^(-2)a^(-1)increase.The sea surface temperature in the Arabian Sea,the convective available potential energy(CAPE)over the northwestern Indian subcontinent,and the wind shear along the northwestern coast also make important contributions to the lightning increase,indicating that the thermodynamic effects overwhelm the microphysical effects on lightning activity over the South Asia region.
