Two indigenous microorganisms, Bacillus sp. SB02 and Mucor sp. SF06, capable of degrading polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） were co-immobilized on vermiculite by physical adsorption and used to degrade benzo[a...Two indigenous microorganisms, Bacillus sp. SB02 and Mucor sp. SF06, capable of degrading polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） were co-immobilized on vermiculite by physical adsorption and used to degrade benzo[a] pyrene （BaP）. The characteristics of BaP degradation by both free and co-immobilized microorganism were then investigated and compared. The removal rate using the immobilized bacterial-fungal mixed consortium was higher than that of the freely mobile mixed consortium. 95.3% of BaP was degraded using the co-immobilized system within 42 d, which was remarkably higher than the removal rate of that by the free strains. The optimal amount of inoculated co-immobilized system for BaP degradation was 2%. The immobilized bacterial-fungal mixed consortium also showed better water stability than the free strains. Kinetics of BaP biodegradation by co-immobilized SF06 and SB02 were also studied. The results demonstrated that BaP degradation could be well described by a zero-order reaction rate equation when the initial BaP concentration was in the range of 10--200 mg/kg. The scanning electronic microscope （SEM） analysis showed that the co-immobilized microstructure was suitable for the growth of SF06 and SB02. The mass transmission process of co-immobilized system in soil is discussed. The results demonstrate the potential for employing the bacterial-fungal mixed consortium, co-immobilized on vermiculite, for in situ bioremediation of BaP.展开更多
采用稀释涂布平板法从拉萨市城关区的12种市售水果中分离酵母菌,并采用平板划线法对酵母菌菌株进行纯化;采用病斑法对皿内抑菌效果较强的6株拮抗酵母进行活体防效测定,并采用26S r DNA D1/D2区域序列测定法对酵母菌进行了分子鉴定。结...采用稀释涂布平板法从拉萨市城关区的12种市售水果中分离酵母菌,并采用平板划线法对酵母菌菌株进行纯化;采用病斑法对皿内抑菌效果较强的6株拮抗酵母进行活体防效测定,并采用26S r DNA D1/D2区域序列测定法对酵母菌进行了分子鉴定。结果表明,193和233号两株酵母对梨毛霉菌(Mucor sp.)有明显的抑菌作用,其发酵液防效强于菌悬液;193号菌株对梨青霉菌(Penicillium sp.)有明显防效,其菌悬液抑菌作用大于发酵液。分子鉴定结果显示,6株酵母菌归为5个种,48号菌株为隐球酵母(Cryptococcus adeliensis),77号为葡萄有孢汉逊酵母(Hanseniaspora uvarum),193号为汉逊德巴利酵母(Debaryomyces hansenii),230和235号为禾本红酵母(Rhodotorula graminis),233号为胶红酵母(Rhodotorula mucilaginosa)。展开更多
The synthesis of an extracellular protease by Bacillus sp. HTS102—a wild strain recently isolated from the wool of Portuguese Merino ewes, was optimized. This protease is thermostable and particularly resistant to ha...The synthesis of an extracellular protease by Bacillus sp. HTS102—a wild strain recently isolated from the wool of Portuguese Merino ewes, was optimized. This protease is thermostable and particularly resistant to harsh environmental conditions—and appears to bear a unique ability to hydrolyze keratin-rich solid materials. Following a preliminary screening for the most relevant medium factors involved in processing, a fractional factorial design (2VI6-1) was applied to ascertain the effects of six relevant parameters—viz. yeast extract concentration, peptone level, inoculum size, stirring rate, temperature and pH. The concentrations of yeast extract and peptone, as well as the incubation temperature and pH were found to play significant roles;and the 2-factor interaction between yeast extract level and pH was also significant. A 2.2-fold increase in the overall level of protease synthesis was eventually attained, with the improved medium relative to the basal medium—which is noteworthy when compared with competing proteases and previous optimization efforts.展开更多
从曼地亚红豆杉(Taxus x media)树皮内表皮中分离得到1株产紫杉醇的内生真菌O60B1,并通过高效液相色谱法(HPLC)和质谱法(MS)分析其发酵产物,其紫杉醇产量为2.5～3.0μg/g(紫杉醇/菌丝干重),并通过形态学特征和18 S rDNA序列分析,将其初...从曼地亚红豆杉(Taxus x media)树皮内表皮中分离得到1株产紫杉醇的内生真菌O60B1,并通过高效液相色谱法(HPLC)和质谱法(MS)分析其发酵产物,其紫杉醇产量为2.5～3.0μg/g(紫杉醇/菌丝干重),并通过形态学特征和18 S rDNA序列分析,将其初步鉴定为毛霉属(Mucor sp.)真菌。展开更多
筛选对染料具有良好脱色能力的真菌。采集当地腐朽树木样品,以染料脱色为目标,筛选、分离真菌菌株;采用真菌26Sr DNA D1/D2区域鉴定法对菌种的26S rDNA进行测序。以花生壳等为固定化培养载体,培养得到固定化真菌,用于对含酸性红B,酸性金...筛选对染料具有良好脱色能力的真菌。采集当地腐朽树木样品,以染料脱色为目标,筛选、分离真菌菌株;采用真菌26Sr DNA D1/D2区域鉴定法对菌种的26S rDNA进行测序。以花生壳等为固定化培养载体,培养得到固定化真菌,用于对含酸性红B,酸性金黄G,直接湖蓝5B,直接耐晒黑G等染料的模拟染料废水脱色实验。初步鉴定其为毛霉属的一种,暂定名为BFL-5;经过固定化真菌12h反应,以上4种染料的浓度均下降了90%以上。本研究可为染料废水脱色工艺提供新的菌种。展开更多
基金The National Basic Research Program (973) of China (No. 2004CB418506)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.20337010) the Hi-Tech Research and Development Program (863) of China (No. 2004AA649060)
文摘Two indigenous microorganisms, Bacillus sp. SB02 and Mucor sp. SF06, capable of degrading polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） were co-immobilized on vermiculite by physical adsorption and used to degrade benzo[a] pyrene （BaP）. The characteristics of BaP degradation by both free and co-immobilized microorganism were then investigated and compared. The removal rate using the immobilized bacterial-fungal mixed consortium was higher than that of the freely mobile mixed consortium. 95.3% of BaP was degraded using the co-immobilized system within 42 d, which was remarkably higher than the removal rate of that by the free strains. The optimal amount of inoculated co-immobilized system for BaP degradation was 2%. The immobilized bacterial-fungal mixed consortium also showed better water stability than the free strains. Kinetics of BaP biodegradation by co-immobilized SF06 and SB02 were also studied. The results demonstrated that BaP degradation could be well described by a zero-order reaction rate equation when the initial BaP concentration was in the range of 10--200 mg/kg. The scanning electronic microscope （SEM） analysis showed that the co-immobilized microstructure was suitable for the growth of SF06 and SB02. The mass transmission process of co-immobilized system in soil is discussed. The results demonstrate the potential for employing the bacterial-fungal mixed consortium, co-immobilized on vermiculite, for in situ bioremediation of BaP.
文摘The synthesis of an extracellular protease by Bacillus sp. HTS102—a wild strain recently isolated from the wool of Portuguese Merino ewes, was optimized. This protease is thermostable and particularly resistant to harsh environmental conditions—and appears to bear a unique ability to hydrolyze keratin-rich solid materials. Following a preliminary screening for the most relevant medium factors involved in processing, a fractional factorial design (2VI6-1) was applied to ascertain the effects of six relevant parameters—viz. yeast extract concentration, peptone level, inoculum size, stirring rate, temperature and pH. The concentrations of yeast extract and peptone, as well as the incubation temperature and pH were found to play significant roles;and the 2-factor interaction between yeast extract level and pH was also significant. A 2.2-fold increase in the overall level of protease synthesis was eventually attained, with the improved medium relative to the basal medium—which is noteworthy when compared with competing proteases and previous optimization efforts.
文摘从曼地亚红豆杉(Taxus x media)树皮内表皮中分离得到1株产紫杉醇的内生真菌O60B1,并通过高效液相色谱法(HPLC)和质谱法(MS)分析其发酵产物,其紫杉醇产量为2.5～3.0μg/g(紫杉醇/菌丝干重),并通过形态学特征和18 S rDNA序列分析,将其初步鉴定为毛霉属(Mucor sp.)真菌。
文摘筛选对染料具有良好脱色能力的真菌。采集当地腐朽树木样品,以染料脱色为目标,筛选、分离真菌菌株;采用真菌26Sr DNA D1/D2区域鉴定法对菌种的26S rDNA进行测序。以花生壳等为固定化培养载体,培养得到固定化真菌,用于对含酸性红B,酸性金黄G,直接湖蓝5B,直接耐晒黑G等染料的模拟染料废水脱色实验。初步鉴定其为毛霉属的一种,暂定名为BFL-5;经过固定化真菌12h反应,以上4种染料的浓度均下降了90%以上。本研究可为染料废水脱色工艺提供新的菌种。
