LA-ICP-MS U-Pb Zircon Dating for Felsic Granulite, Huangtuling Area, North Dabieshan: Constraints on Timing of Its Protolith and Granulite-Facies Metamorphism, and Thermal Events in Its Provenance

Information about the protolith of the Huangtuling granulite in North Dabieshan has been unavailable. The complex evolution history of the rock and its host basement must be further discussed. LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating was conducted on three textural domains in zircon from a high-temperature, high-pressure felsic granulite in the Huangtuling area, North Dabieshan, Central China. The metamorphic growth-derived detrital zircon domain yields a 207^ pb/206^Pb age in the range of （2 49±54 ） -- （2 500±180） Ma. The magmatic genesis-derived detrltal zircon domain gives a 207^pb/ 206^Pb age ranging from 2 628 Ma to 2 690 Ma, with an oldest 206^ pb/ 238^U age of （2 790 ± 150） Ma. The metamorphic overgrowth or metamorphic recrystallization zircon domain yields a diesordia with an upper intercept age of （2 044. 7 ± 29.3 ） Ma. Compositions of the mineral assemblage, major element geochemistry, and especially the complex interior texture of the zircon suggest that the prololith of the felsic granulite is of sedimentary origin. Results show that the protolith material of the granulite came from a provenance with a complex thermal history, i.e. -2.8 Ga magmatlsm and -2.5 Ga metamorphism, and was deposited in a basin not earlier than 2.5 Ga. The high-temperature and high-pressure granulite-facies metamorphic age was precisely constrained at （2.04±0.03） Ga, which indicates the granulite in Huangtuling area should be a relict of a Paleoproterozoic UHT （ultrahigh temperature） metamorphosed slab.

A Sm－Nd mineral isochron of mafic granulite from the Sφstrene Island， East Antarctica

Redetedrination of the metamorphic age of the gsrnet-bearing mafic wholeulite from the Sstrene Island, Esat Antarctica has been made and an isochron of wholerock-garnet-pyroxene-plagioclase is obtained, giving an age of [604±28(2σ)] Ma. Itis pointed out that this age represents the time of peak granulite facies metamorphism ofthe area. As to the geological relation of the Sstrene Island with the Bolingen Islandsand the Larsemann Hills to the east, it is deduced from the rock assemblages, metamorphic superposition, spatial changes and metamorphic ages between the above regions that the degree of the superposition of the later low pressure metamorphism is becoming stronger from west to east. While the evolution of the earlier medium pressure to later low pressure implies probably the substages of the same metamorphic cycle.

The Metamorphism and Its Tectonic Implications of Indosinian High Pressure Granulites from the Badu Complex of the Cathaysia Block, Southwestern Zhejiang Province, South China

The Badu Complex is the oldest metamorphic rock in Cathaysia Block which experienced several episodes of metamorphism Especially indosinian metamorphic reworking in the southwestern Zhejiang Province, South China. The degree of indosinian metamorphism reaches granulite facies. However, there is still insufficient understanding of the characteristics of the Indosinian granulite metamorphism in the Cathaysia and many interpretations of its tectonic significance. Therefore, we present detailed petrology, mineral chemistry and LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb age in this paper from pelitic granulites of the Badu Complex, which is composed of "sillimanite + garnet + cordierite + spinel + biotite + k-feldspar" assemblage and garnet pyroxenite with garnet amphibolite which is consists of "garnet + clinopyroxene + orthopyroxene + amphibole + plagioclase". By comprehensive study we get following new findings: Pelitic granulites record four stages of metamorphic mineral assemblages, including prograde(M1), pressure peak(M2), Peak(M3) and post-peak decompressional and then cooling(M4) stages. The prograde M1 assemblage consists of garnet1(core) + staurolite + kyanite + biotite + quartz ± rutile ± chlorite;The pressure peak M2 assemblage consists of garnet1(mantle) + sudoite + rutile + kyanite + corundum + biotite + quartz;The peak M3 have garnet2(rim-mantle) + biotite + sillimanite + quartz ± K-feldspar ± plagioclase ± ilmenite assemblag;the M4 stage is consist of garnet + cordierite + biotite + sillimanite + quartz + ilmenite ± spine ± K-feldspar. The garnet pyroxenite and garnet amphibolites have experienced three stages of metamorphic evolution. Peak high-pressure granulite facies stage M2 consists of garnet + sahlite ± ilmenite ± quartz;Post-peak near isothermal decompression medium granulite facies stage M3 is characterized by typical decompression reaction textures and assemblage of orthopyroxene + plagioclase(An=90–92);amphibolites facies retrograde metamorphic stage M4 is characterized by amphibole + plagioclase(An=33–35) + ilmenite ± sahlite ± quartz mineral assemblage. By means of phase equilibrium simulation and traditional thermobarometer, P-T conditions of 785–820 ℃ and 8.9–9.9 kbar for M3 stage, 780–860 ℃ and 5.7–6.2 kbar for decompressional M4 stage, 705–720 ℃ and 4.5–4.7 kbar for cooling M4 stage in pelitic granulites were obtained. And also 11.6–12.5 kbar and 780–840 ℃ for M2 stage, 7.4–8.2 kbar and 800–880 ℃ for M3 stage, 6.6–7.5 kbar and 500–560 ℃ for M4 stage were obtained in garnet pyroxenite and garnet amphibolite. A clockwise P-T path is confirmed in the two type rocks of the Badu Complex which reflected a near-isothermal decompressional metamorphic process. The peak metamorphism can reach highpressure granulite facies. In addition, the mineral assemblage of garnet + rutile + kyanite + corundum in the peak metamorphic stage of pelitic granulite indicates that it may underwent ultra-high-pressure metamorphism, and the acidic plagioclase exsolution of clinopyroxene in garnet pyroxenite also suggests that it may be retrograded eclogites, which indicates that the deeper Cathaysian block may have eclogite metamorphism. Analyses of LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating indicate that the metamorphic age of pelitic granulite is 233.5 Ma–subduction/collision followed by rapid exhumation and cooling events. The events may relate with the amalgamation of the Indochina BlockSouth China Block North China Block in the paleo-Tethyan domain.

The Metamorphism of High-Pressure Basic Granulite in Laixi District, East Shandong, China

A high pressure basic granulite ultramafics belt is found in the late Archaean gneisses of Laixi Laiyang Qixia district, east Shandong. This belt has previously been considered as another eclogite belt in Sulu ultra high pressure(UHP) terrain. The typical high P granulite is characterized by mineral assemblages of three generations formed in different metamorphic episode respectively. The mineral assemblage of first episode is Grt(core)+Cpx+Pl, that of the second episode is Grt(rim)+Cpx+Opx+Pl+Amp+Q+Mt and that of the third episode is Cpx+Pl+Amp+Q+Mt. In first assemblage, the garnet porphyroblast is rich in grossular and pyrope component, and the coexisting Cpx is Al rich. Using mineral thermobarometer and Berman’s (1991) TWQ program, the P T conditions of three episodes are established, i.e. T=840℃～860℃, P>1.4GPa for first episode; T=720℃～780℃,P=0.8～1.2GPa for second episode and T=600℃～800℃,P=0.5～0.7GPa for the third episode.Considering the reaction texture, mineral Chemistry and PT estmations, a clockwise PTt path can be constructed, which shows post peak isothermal decompression at first and followed by a process of pressure and temperature decreasing. The mineral wholerock Sm Nd isochron age of the granulite is 1752Ma, which indicates its last thermal event during early middle Proterozoic stage. Therefore, it is concluded that the high pressure granulite and ultramafics of this belt represents the lower continental curst of the North China Craton during early Precambrian without any relationship to tectonic process of the Sulu UHP terrain.

Garnet-bearing Granulite Facies Rock Xenoliths from Late Mesozoic Volcaniclastic Breccia, Xinyang, Henan Province

This paper presents the primary results of petrologic, mineralogical and petrochemical studies of garnet-bearing granulite facies rock xenoliths from Xinyang, Henan Province. These xenoliths, which are found in a pipe of late Mesozoic volcaniclastic breccia, are of high density (3.13–3.30 g/cm3) and high seismic velocity (Vp = 7.04–7.31 km/s), being products of underplating of basaltic magmas and had experienced granulite facies metamorphism. The underplating and metamorphism took place before the eruption of the host rock. Petrographical studies and equilibrium T-P calculations show that these xenoliths were captured at a 49 km depth and experienced at least a 16 km uplift before they were captured. The dynamics of the uplift could be related to the continent-continent collision between the North China plate and the Yangtze plate during the Triassic.

Thermal history of a Late Mesoproterozoic paired metamorphic belt(?)during Rodinia assembly:New insight from medium-pressure granulites from the Aravalli-Delhi Mobile Belt, Northwestern India

In this study, we investigate the possible record of a Late Mesoproterozoic paired metamorphic belt in the Aravalli-Delhi Mobile Belt(ADMB), NW India using a suite of supracrustal and metaigneous granulites from the Pilwa-Chinwali granulite terrain at the north-western margin of the ADMB. Using metamorphic reaction textures, mineral chemistry, metamorphic reaction history, geothermobarometric computations and electron microprobe dating of monazite in 5 samples of pelitic granulite, leptynite gneiss, enderbite and charnockite, we have deduced a medium-pressure granulite facies metamorphism(P between 4.9 and 6.8 kbar, T> 760-815℃) along a heating-cooling, counterclockwise P-T path between 1.09 and 1.01 Ga. When collated with published metamorphic and chronological constraints and geological settings of the adjoining crustal domains of the ADMB, these findings provide new insights into the developments of two tectonic domains of contrasting thermal gradients at ca. 1.0 Ga, consistent with metamorphic transformations in tectonically thickened middle-lower crustal sections during continental collision to continental subduction and in the root zones of spatially adjacent island arc, as part of the Rodinia supercontinent assembly event.

Oxygen Fugacity and Water Activity during Thermal Peak and Retrogression of Granulites around the Sarvapuram Area, Karimnagar Granulite Terrane, Andhra Pradesh, India

The investigated area around Sarvapuram represents a part of the Karimnagar granulite terrane of the Eastern Dharwar Craton, India. Garnet–bearing gneiss is hosted as enclaves, pods within granite gneiss and charnockite. It is largely made up of garnet, orthopyroxene, cordierite, biotite, plagioclase, K–feldspar, sillimanite and quartz. The peak metamorphic stage is represented by the equilibrium mineral assemblage i.e. garnet, orthopyroxene, cordierite, biotite, plagioclase, sillimanite and quartz. Breakdown of the garnet as well as preservation of the orthopyroxene–cordierite symplectite, formation of cordierite with the consumption of the garnet + sillimanite + quartz represents the decompressional event. The thermobarometric calculations suggest a retrograde P–T path with a substantial decompression of c. 3.0 kbar. The water activity(XH2 O) conditions obtained with the win TWQ program for core and symplectite compositions from garnet–bearing gneiss are 0.07–0.14 and 0.11–0.16 respectively. The quantitative estimation of oxygen fugacity in garnet–bearing gneiss reveal log f O2 values ranging from-11.38 to-14.05. This high oxidation state could be one of the reasons that account for the absence of graphite in these rocks.

Structural and tectonothermal evolution of the ultrahigh-temperature Bakhuis Granulite Belt,Guiana Shield,Surinam:Palaeoproterozoic to recent

We constrain the multistage tectonic evolution of the Palaeoproterozoic UHT metamorphic(P=0.9–1.0 GPa,T>1000℃,t=2088–2031 Ma)Bakhuis Granulite Belt(BGB)in Surinam on the Guiana Shield,using large-to small-scale structures,Al-in-hornblende thermobarometry and published fluid inclusion and zircon geochronological data.The BGB forms a narrow,NE–SW striking belt between two formerly connected,~E–W oriented granite-greenstone belts,formed between converging Amazonian and West African continental masses prior to collision and Transamazonian orogeny.Inherited detrital zircon in BGB metasediments conforms agewise to Birimian zircon of West Africa and suggests derivation from the subsequently subducted African passive margin.Ultrahigh-temperature metamorphism may have followed slab break-off and asthenospheric heat advection.Peak metamorphic structures result from layer-parallel shearing and folding,reflecting initial transtensional exhumation of the subducted African margin after slab break-off.A second HT event involves intrusion,at ca.0.49 GPa,of charnockites and metagabbros at 1993–1984 Ma and a layered anorthosite at 1980 Ma,after the BGB had already cooled to<400℃.The event is related to northward subduction under the greenstone belts,along a new active margin to their south.A pronounced syntaxial bend in the new margin points northward towards the BGB and is likely the result of indentation by an anticlinorial flexural bulge of the subducting plate.Tearing of the subducting oceanic plate along this bulge explains why the charnockites are restricted to the BGB.The BGB subsequently experienced doming under an extensional detachment exposed in its southwestern border zone.Exhumation was focused in the BGB as a result of the flexural bulge in the subducting plate and localised heating of the overriding plate by charnockite magmatism.The present,straight NE–SW long-side boundaries of the BGB are superimposed mylonite zones,overprinted by pseudotachylites,previously dated at ca.1200 Ma and 950 Ma,respectively.The 1200 Ma mylonites reflect transpressional popping-up of the BGB,caused by EW-directed intraplate principal compressive stresses from Grenvillian collision preserved under the eastern Andes.Further exhumation of the BGB involved the 950 Ma pseudotachylite decorated faulting,and Phanerozoic faulting along reactivated Meso-and Neoproterozoic lineaments.

The Activity of H_2O, Fugacity of O_2 and Variation of Their Chemical Potential During Metamorphic Peak of the Granulite Complex Near Taipingzhai-Louzishan Region, East Hebei Province

The thermodynamic calculation of dehydration reacton suggests very low activity of H\-2O during metamorphic peak of the Archaean granulite complex in the region studied.The a\-\{H\-2O\} values for Al\|rich gneiss and hypersthene biotite gneiss\|granulite in the Taipingzhai region are usually between 0.10 and \{0.20\},and those in the Louzishan region are \{0.15\}-\{0.25\}. The fugacity of O\-2 in terms of lgf\-\{O\-2\} in the whole region ranges from -8 to -14. The average coefficients of (μ\-\{H\-2O\}/X\+\{Bt\}\-\{Mg\}) and (μ\-\{O\-2\}/X\+\{Bt\}\-\{Mg\}) in the Taipingzhai region are \{-0.293\} and \{-1.60\} respectively,and those in the Louzishan region are \{-0.364\} and \{-1.420\}. The activity of H\-2O is very low in the whole region, but its values and other data mentioned above are considerably constant from place to place within a given region, even in rocks of different lithological characters. However, they show a certain gradient between different regions. Such characteristics are compatible with the genetic mechanism known as \!carbonic metamorphism" put forward by Newton et al.,i.e., the a\-\{H\-2O\} during the peak stage is controlled by permeation of pervasive CO\-2 influx of the mantle source,and shows features of external buffering.

Permo-Triassic high-pressure metamorphism in the central western Korean Peninsula, and its link to Paleo-Tethyan Ocean closure: Key issues revisited

Permo-Triassic high-pressure(HP) mafic granulites, together with the Bibong retrogressed eclogite,preserved along the central western Korean Peninsula provide important insights into the Late Permian to Triassic collisional orogeny in northeast Asia. The metamorphic pressureetemperatureetime(P-T-t)paths of these rocks, however, remain poorly constrained and even overestimated, owing to outdated geothermobarometers and inaccurate isopleth techniques. Here we evaluate the metamorphic Pe T conditions of Triassic HP mafic granulites including those in Baekdong, Sinri and Daepan and the Bibong Triassic retrogressed eclogite in the Hongseong area, and the Permo-Triassic Samgot mafic granulite in the Imjingang Belt of the central western Korean Peninsula through the application of modern phase equilibria techniques. The Baekdong and Samgot mafic granulites and the Bibong retrogressed eclogite yield a range of 12.0 -16.0 kbar and 800 -900℃, representing HP granulite facies conditions. The Sinri and Daepan granulites from the Hongseong area show relatively lower grade metamorphic conditions between HP granulite and normal granulite facies, and are characterized by sub-isothermal decompression during exhumation. The similarities in the metamorphic ages and the post-collisional igneous activity from the central western Korean Peninsula indicate that the Triassic ages represent the retrograde stage of the metamorphic Pe T paths. In contrast, the Late Permian metamorphic ages, which are older than protolith ages of the post-collisional igneous rocks, correspond to the possible prograde stage of metamorphism. The P-T-t paths presented in this paper, together with the metamorphic ages and post-orogenic igneous events reported from these areas suggest trace of the subduction, accretion and exhumation history, and indicate a tectonic linkage among the northeast Asian continents during the Paleo-Tethyan Ocean closure.

Multiple Episodes of Zircon Growth during Anatectic Metamorphism of Metasedimentary Rocks in Collisional Orogens:Constraints from Felsic Granulites in the Bohemian Massif

Zircon is a key accessary mineral for metamorphic geochronology and geochemical tracing,but it has been a challenge to interpret its complex chemical zoning and age record acquired during multiple episodes of anatectic metamorphism in collisional orogens.This is illustrated by a combined study of petrography,phase equilibrium modeling and metamorphic P-T-t determination for granulites from the Bohemian Massif in the Variscan Orogen.These rocks record multiple episodes of zircon growth during anatectic metamorphism.They started from the compressional heating for prograde metamorphism to high-pressure(HP)to ultrahigh-pressure(UHP)eclogite facies with low degrees of partial melting.Afterwards,they underwent a decompressional stage from UHP eclogite facies to HP granulite facies for dehydration melting.These were followed by a further decompressional stage either to kyanite granulite facies or to sillimanite granulite facies at ultrahigh-temperature(UHT)conditions.Episodes of zircon growth are linked to specific metamorphic conditions for peritectic reactions on the basis of zoning patterns,trace element signatures,index mineral inclusions in dated domains and textural relationships to coexisting minerals.The results indicate that relict zircon domains are preserved even at UHT granulite facies conditions.A few zircon domains in the kyanite granulite grew during the prograde to peak UHP metamorphism,possibly corresponding to consumption of biotite and plagioclase but growth of garnet.During the decompressional exhumation to the HP granulite-facies,relict or prograde zircon domains were mostly dissolved into anatectic melts produced by muscovite breakdown.Most zircon grains grew during this transition to the HP granulite-facies in the kyanite granulite and are chemically related to continuous growth of garnet,whereas abundant zircon grains grew subsequently at the UHT granulite facies in the sillimanite granulite and are chemically related to garnet breakdown reactions.Another peak of zircon growth occurred at the final crystallization of anatectic melts in the sillimanite granulite rather than in the kyanite granulite,and these zircon grains mostly show oscillatory zoning,low HREE+Y contents and significantly negative Eu anomalies.In terms of the inference for protolith nature,it appears that zircon in metasedimentary rocks can grow at a short timescale in different stages of anatectic metamorphism,and its dissolution and growth are mainly dictated by anatectic conditions and extent,the property of peritectic reactions,and the stability of Ti-rich minerals.

Paleoproterozoic emplacement and Cambrian ultrahigh-temperature metamorphism of a layered magmatic intrusion from the Central Madurai Block,southern India:From Columbia to Gondwana

The Madurai Block in the Southern Granulite Terrane(SGT)of Peninsular India is one of the largest crustal blocks within the Neoproterozoic Gondwana assembly.This block is composed of three sub-blocks:the Neoarchean Northern Madurai block,Paleoproterozoic Central Madurai block and the dominantly Neoproterozoic Southern Madurai Block.The margins of these blocks are well-known for the occurrence of ultrahigh-temperature(UHT)granulite facies rocks mostly represented by Mg-Al metasediments.Here we report a dismembered layered mafic–ultramafic intrusion occurring in association with Mg-Al granulites from the classic locality of Ganguvarpatti in the Central Madurai Block.The major rock types of the layered intrusion include spinel orthopyroxenite,garnet-bearing gabbro,gabbro and gabbroic anorthosite showing rhythmic stratification and cumulate texture.The orthopyroxene-cordierite granulite from the associated Mg-Al layer is composed of spinel,cordierite and orthopyroxene.The pyroxene in both rock units is high-Al orthopyroxene formed under UHT metamorphic conditions.Conventional thermobarometry yields near-peak metamorphic conditions of 9.5–10 kbar pressure and a minimum temperature of 980℃.We computed P–T pseudosections and contoured for the compositional as well as modal isopleths of the major mineral phases,which yield temperature above 1000℃.FMAS petrogenetic grid,Al-in-orthopyroxene isopleth,conventional thermobarometry and calculated pseudosection reveal a clockwise pressure–temperature(P–T)path and near isothermal decompression.The U–Pb data on zircon grains from the layered magmatic suite indicate emplacement of the protolith at ca.2.0 Ga and the metamorphic overgrowths yield weighted ^(206)Pb/^(238)U mean ages ca.520 Ma.Monazite from the garnet-bearing gabbro and Opx-Crd granulite yielded ^(206)Pb/^(238)U weighted mean ages of ca.532 Ma and 523 Ma marking the timing of metamorphism.We correlate the layered intrusion to a Paleoproterozoic suprasubduction zone setting,defining the Ganguvarpatti area as part of a collisional suture assembling the Northern and Central Madurai Blocks.The Paleoproterozoic magmatism and late Neoproterozoic-Cambrian UHT metamorphism can be linked to the tectonics of the Columbia and Gondwana supercontinents.

High-Temperature Metamorphism, Anataxis and Tectonic Evolution of a Mafic Granulite from the Eastern Himalayan Orogen

The Himalayan Orogen, resulting from the Tertiary collision of Indian and Asian continents, is a natural laboratory for studying metamorphism, partial melting and granite formation of collisional orogens. However, metamorphic and anatectic conditions and timescales of meta-mafic rocks in the Greater Himalayan Sequences （GHS） in the east-central Himalaya remain controversial, in this paper, we conduct a study of petrology and geochronology of mafic granulite from the Eastern Himalayan Syntaxis （EHS）. The mafic granulite with abundant leucosome bands occurs as layers within felsic granulites and is well deformed. The granulite consists of garnet, plagioclase, amphibole and quartz with minor clinopyroxene, orthopyroxene, biotite, rutile, titanite and ilmenite. The garnet has growth compositional zoning and contains abundant mineral inclusions in its core. Peak metamorphic mineral assemblage of the granulite is garnet, amphibole, plagioclase, quartz, clinopyroxene and futile, recording a high-pressure （HP） and high-temperature （HT） peak-metamorphism under conditions of 14-15.5 kbar and 780-790 ℃ in the presence of melt. The reconstructed clockwise P-T path is characterized by an early heating and burial prograde metamorphism, and late isothermal and cooling decompression retrogression. The granulite witnessed a long lasting HT metamorphism, partial melting and melt crystallization process which began at ca. 39 Ma and lasted to ca. 11 Ma. The present study shows that various high-grade rocks of the GHS in the EHS core experienced similar metamorphic conditions and P-T-t paths, indicating that they occurred as a coherent slab during the subduction and exhumation of Indian lithosphere. The significant melts generated during the prograde metamorphism of the GHS rocks not only contributed to the formation of the Himalayan leucogranite, but also resulted in the rheological weakening and ductile flow of the thickened lower crust of the Himalayan Orogen.

Timing of the granulite facies metamorphism in the Sanggan area,North China craton:zircon U-Pb geochronology

Zircon U-Pb ages are reported for three samples of intrusive rocks in Khondalite series in the Sanggan area, North China craton. The age of meta-granite is dated as 2005±9 Ma, implying that the sedimentary sequences in Khondalites series formed before 2.0Ga. The age of 1921 ±1Ma for the meta-diorite constrain the age of granulite facies metamorphism younger than this date. The age of 1892±10 Ma for garnet granite is obtained, but the granite crystallization age seems a little younger than the date considering the morphology of zircons. On the basis of these dates and of a concise review of previous age data, it is inferred that the Khondalite series was subjected to granulite facies metamorphism at about 1.87Ga together with tonalitic granulites and HP basic granulites in the Sanggan area.

Early Paleozoic granulite-facies metamorphism and anatexis in the northern West Qinling orogen： Monazite and zircon U-Pb geochronological constraints

In the northern West Qinling orogen(WQO), granulite-facies metamorphic rocks are recognized within the Qinling Complex. These rocks are composed of amphibole-bearing two-pyroxene granulite and garnet-sillimanite gneiss with widespread migmatitization. We investigate three granulite-facies samples and one leucosome sample from the Qinling Complex, which are suitable for U-Pb analyses of zircon and monazite. SHRIMP and LA-ICPMS U-Pb age dating of zircon and monazite from two pelitic granulites provides weighted mean ages of 430±4 Ma(MSWD=0.88) and 433±4 Ma(MSWD=0.27), respectively.Based on the petrographic characteristics and zircon CL imagery, we postulated a ca. 430 Ma metamorphic timing for the pelitic granulites. LA-ICPMS zircon U-Pb data from an amphibole two-pyroxene granulite sample reports two weighted mean age groups:424±3 Ma(MSWD=0.45) and 402±3 Ma(MSWD=1.4), which were interpreted as granulite-facies metamorphic and retrograde ages, respectively. LA-ICPMS U-Pb dating of zircons from the leucosome sample yields a weighted mean age of 426±2 Ma(MSWD=0.3), which is interpreted as the crystallization age of the leucosome. These data indicate that the West QOB experienced early Paleozoic granulite-facies metamorphism and anatexis similar to the East QOB. However, it remains unclear whether the early Paleozoic granulite facies metamorphism resulted from an arc setting created by the northward subduction of the Shangdan ocean or from a continental collisional orogenic event.

Early Paleozoic Granulite-Facies Metamorphism and Magmatism in the Northern Wulan Terrane of the Quanji Massif:Implications for the Evolution of the Proto-Tethys Ocean in Northwestern China

The nature and evolution of the Proto-Tethys Ocean originated from the breakup of the supercontinent Rodinia remain controversial. Early Paleozoic magmatism and metamorphism can pro- vide important constraints on the closure of the Proto-Tethys Ocean. This paper reports on a set of geological, petrographical, geochronological, mineralogical and geochemical data for Early Paleozoic granite, gabbro, granulite and granitic leucosome in the northern Wulan terrane of the Quanji Massif. Zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating reveals two episodes of magmatism, with the emplacement of a gran- itic pluton at 476.7±2.8 Ma and a gabbroic dike at 423±2 Ma. Whole-rock geochemistry suggests an arc affinity for the magma of the granitic pluton but a post-collisional extension setting for the gabbroic dike. Zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating also shows that the peak granulite-facies metamorphism and anatexis occurred at --475 Ma, coeval with the formation of the granitic pluton in the Quanji Massif as well as the early lawsonite-bearing eclogites in the North Qaidam high-pressure and ultrahigh-pressure （HP-UHP） metamorphic belt to the south. The granulite-facies metamorphism with peak P-T condi- tions at 718-729 ℃ and 0.46-0.53 GPa is characterized by an anticlockwise P-T path. Our data provide compelling evidence for Early Paleozoic paired metamorphic belts with HP-UHP metamorphism in the North Qaidam to the south and low PIT metamorphism in the Quanji Massif as a continental arc to the north, hence suggesting a northward subduction polarity for the Proto-Tethys oceanic plate. The intrusion of the post-collisional gabbroic dike supports for the closure of the Proto-Tethys Ocean in north- western China before 423 Ma.

东南极米洛半岛尖晶石-堇青石麻粒岩变质作用与年代学研究

东南极普里兹构造带被认为受到格林维尔期及泛非期两期构造热事件的影响,分别与罗迪尼亚和冈瓦纳超大陆的演化密切相关,但对两期构造热事件的性质还存在争议。为了进一步完善该构造带的演化历史,从矿物学、岩石学、相平衡模拟、锆石年代学等角度对普里兹构造带米洛半岛尖晶石-堇青石麻粒岩进行了研究。结果表明其主期矿物组合为尖晶石+堇青石+黑云母+矽线石+少量石榴子石+钾长石+钛铁矿,温压条件为870~910℃、0.64~0.69 GPa,晚期退变至810~820℃、0.49~0.53 GPa,并暗示了更高的峰期变质条件(T>910℃,P>0.69 GPa)。CL图像显示锆石具有明显的核-幔-边结构,LA-ICP-MS锆石U–Pb年代学分析显示核部年龄主要集中在613±7 Ma到877±9 Ma,最大值916±11 Ma,比典型的格林维尔期年龄年轻。锆石边部加权平均年龄为526±8 Ma,其Th/U比值范围较大(0.06~1.23),多数Th/U比值较高(>0.1),应代表峰后冷却结晶阶段。尖晶石-堇青石麻粒岩记录了中低压/高温—超高温的变质条件,结合区域已有资料,可能具有顺时针轨迹,其变质演化历史可能反映了碰撞造山之后的伸展阶段,推测与冈瓦纳超大陆的聚合过程有关。

柴西缘花土沟超高温变质地体中的镁铝麻粒岩岩石成因及其与熔体行为的关系

镁铝麻粒岩泛指一类全岩化学成分富镁、铝的麻粒岩相变质岩,是研究超高温变质作用的峰期变质条件和变质演化历史的重要对象,但目前对它的原岩属性和岩石成因的认识仍十分有限。本文以柴达木地块西缘的花土沟超高温变质地体为例,在野外调查基础上,对镁铝麻粒岩和泥质片麻岩进行了岩相学和全岩地球化学分析,发现镁铝麻粒岩与含浅色体的泥质片麻岩的SiO_(2)、TiO_(2)、P_(2)O_(5)含量相似,TFe_(2)O_(3)、Al_(2)O_(3)、MnO、CaO、Na_(2)O含量虽有差异但变化范围存在交集。此外,两类岩石具有相似的微量和稀土元素配分曲线,结合两者的矿物组合也存在相似性,提出花土沟镁铝麻粒岩的原岩可能是与泥质片麻岩类似的泥质沉积岩。从低角闪岩相变泥质岩到含浅色体的泥质片麻岩,再到镁铝麻粒岩,其全岩化学成分向着贫铝、钙、钾、钠,富铁、镁的趋势变化。其中,高XMg值(0.51~0.69)是镁铝麻粒岩与其他泥质片麻岩(XMg=0.34~0.43)的最大差别。通过对变泥质岩的相平衡模拟和理论计算,发现部分熔融和熔体丢失能解释大部分的变化趋势,但基本不影响全岩XMg值;只有在进变质升温过程中丢失含石榴子石的熔体才能造成变泥质岩的镁铝麻粒岩化。此外,富石榴子石的泥质残留体相比附近的含浅色体泥质片麻岩,贫硅、钠、钾,富集铝、铁、镁、锰、钙,重稀土元素含量显著高于后者,上述地球化学特征对应石榴子石熔体的加入而后长英质熔体的丢失,支持野外观察到的熔体携带石榴子石迁移的现象。最后,对镁铝麻粒岩只呈透镜体产出的原因做出了推测,即熔体很难带着石榴子石完成长距离迁移,只有被长英质正片麻岩包围的泥质沉积物,其进变质加热阶段形成的熔体才能携带石榴子石完全迁出原岩,促成变泥质岩透镜体的镁铝麻粒岩化,目前仍需更多的相关研究来验证这一推测。在世界其他高温-超高温变质岩区,石榴子石熔体的迁出和泥质岩的镁铝麻粒岩化可能也不同程度有所保留和记录。

中喜马拉雅陈塘地区基性麻粒岩变质作用、原岩特征及其地质意义

本文对中喜马拉雅陈塘地区高压基性麻粒岩进行了岩石学、地球化学和锆石年代学及Hf同位素研究,确定了其变质P-T演化、原岩性质和构造背景。陈塘地区基性麻粒岩发生了明显部分熔融,基质中保存有单斜辉石和斜长石后成合晶,指示其可能经历了榴辉岩相变质作用。根据基性麻粒岩的矿物组合识别出三个变质演化阶段:高压麻粒岩相矿物组合为石榴子石+单斜辉石+斜长石+金红石+石英,温压条件为1.0~1.3GPa、730~800℃;中压麻粒岩相矿物组合为石榴子石+单斜辉石+斜方辉石+角闪石+斜长石+钛铁矿+金红石+石英,温压条件为0.78~0.82GPa、820~890℃;而角闪岩相阶段以角闪石的大量出现为特征,变质温压条件为0.6~0.7GPa、660~740℃。锆石U-Pb年代学指示基性麻粒岩高压麻粒岩相的变质时代为15~14Ma,原岩时代为~1800Ma。另外,基于TiO_(2)含量可将基性麻粒岩划分为两组,一组具有低的TiO_(2)和高的ε_(Nd)(t),稀土元素配分模式与E-MORB一致,原岩为弧后盆地玄武岩。第二组基性麻粒岩相比于第一组,具有高的TiO_(2)、REE、Th/Ta和低的Mg^(#)、Nb/La和ε_(Nd)(t),其稀土元素配分模式与OIB一致。地球化学特征表明高Ti基性麻粒岩的原岩经历了显著的地壳混染,其形成与低Ti组基性麻粒岩原始岩浆上升过程混染壳源物质有关。中喜马拉雅Ama Drime地体-陈塘地区-Arun河谷沿南北方向上均出露的古元古代岩浆记录可能与新生代裂谷活动导致喜马拉雅造山带古元古代基底剥露至地表有关。另外,本研究证实印度大陆北缘在古元古代(1.9~1.8Ga)处于汇聚型板块边缘,伴生有广泛的弧/弧后岩浆作用,而非裂谷环境。

雅鲁藏布蛇绿岩中的变质底板:快速俯冲起始与折返

蛇绿岩中的变质底板通常是俯冲起始的关键记录,并且对探究蛇绿岩的形成机制至关重要。最近在我国西藏南部雅鲁藏布蛇绿岩中陆续发现了高温变质底板。本文对雅鲁藏布蛇绿岩白朗剖面采集到的变质底板样品(基性麻粒岩)进行了系统的岩石学,副矿物U-Pb年代学以及模拟研究,包含相耦合的相平衡、石榴石扩散以及热动力学数值模型。岩石学观察表明,基性麻粒岩记录了四期变质阶段。在新鲜的麻粒岩样品中,石榴石核部保留了早期进变质阶段的矿物包裹体,尽管石榴石的核部成分在峰期发生了再平衡。基质矿物组合连同石榴石的核部成分代表了岩石的峰期变质阶段。退变质阶段由石榴石边部成分以及后成合晶矿物组合所记录。绝大多数的变质底板样品遭受了后期亚绿片岩相交代作用。相平衡模拟表明岩石经历了顺时针变质轨迹,并记录了约1.6~1.7GPa和829~863℃的峰期条件以及约0.9~1.1GPa和823~923℃的近等温减压退变质条件。利用相关系对交代样品中亚绿片岩相的矿物组合进行了温压估计,得到了306~324℃/<0.3GPa的条件。榍石的U-Pb年代学以及温度计算结果表明变质底板的进变质年龄为132.4±4.8Ma和133.9±5.9Ma。金红石记录了126.8±6.2Ma和132.3±3.1Ma的后期冷却年龄,与榍石年龄在不确定度内重叠。先前以及本文年代学数据表明变质底板从原岩形成到进变质并随后折返的时间尺度非常短。石榴石扩散和热动力学模型计算也与年代学结果相吻合,整个变质过程模拟的持续时间仅为2.6~2.8Myr,并且折返发生非常迅速,速率为6.7cm/yr。结合变质底板以及上覆蛇绿岩所记录的数据,本文认为雅鲁藏布蛇绿岩的形成机制可能十分复杂,并不是单一的洋中脊环境或俯冲带相关环境,并强调一些俯冲起始前形成的洋中脊玄武岩作为变质底板参与了深俯冲循环并很快导致俯冲相关的岩石形成,这些俯冲相关岩石与那些未俯冲的洋中脊岩石一起形成了现今的雅鲁藏布蛇绿岩。