Big Model Strategy for Bridge Structural Health Monitoring Based on Data-Driven, Adaptive Method and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) Group

This study introduces an innovative“Big Model”strategy to enhance Bridge Structural Health Monitoring(SHM)using a Convolutional Neural Network(CNN),time-frequency analysis,and fine element analysis.Leveraging ensemble methods,collaborative learning,and distributed computing,the approach effectively manages the complexity and scale of large-scale bridge data.The CNN employs transfer learning,fine-tuning,and continuous monitoring to optimize models for adaptive and accurate structural health assessments,focusing on extracting meaningful features through time-frequency analysis.By integrating Finite Element Analysis,time-frequency analysis,and CNNs,the strategy provides a comprehensive understanding of bridge health.Utilizing diverse sensor data,sophisticated feature extraction,and advanced CNN architecture,the model is optimized through rigorous preprocessing and hyperparameter tuning.This approach significantly enhances the ability to make accurate predictions,monitor structural health,and support proactive maintenance practices,thereby ensuring the safety and longevity of critical infrastructure.

Numerical simulation and response analysis of microspherical focused logging in inclined micro-fractured formation

Tight and unconventional reservoirs have become the focus with the progress of petroleum exploration and development.Micro-fractures in these reservoirs can effectively improve reservoir permeability,and well-developed micro-fractures can serve to directly improve productivity.Compared with the centered electrical well logging method,the Micro Spherical Focused Logging(MSFL)is more suitable for microfracture identification due to its high resolution and near borehole wall measuring method.In this study,an anisotropic model is used to depict micro-fractured formation.First,a forward model with microfractured formation,borehole,logging instrument and surrounding rock is established.Subsequently,MSFL responses under different micro-fracture porosity,resistivity,dip angle and borehole radius,are calculated based on the finite element method(FEM).Finally,the MSFL responses under different microfracture parameters are analyzed with the response laws clarified.

Analysis of structural response under blast loads using the coupled SPH-FEM approach

A numerical model using the coupled smoothed panicle hydrodynamics-finite element method （SPH-FEM） approach is presented for analysis of structures under blast loads. The analyses on two numerical cases, one for free field explosive and the other for structural response under blast loads, are performed to model the whole processes from the propagation of the pressure wave to the response of structures. Based on the simulation, it is concluded that this model can be used for reasonably accurate explosive analysis of structures. The resulting information would be valuable for protecting structures under blast loads.

Time Domain Simulation of Transient Responses of Very Large Floating Structures Under Unsteady External Loads

A time domain finite element method （FEM） for the analysis of transient elastic response of a very large floating structure （VLFS） subjected to arbitrary time-dependent external loads is presented. This method is developed directly in time domain and the hydrodynamic problem is formulated based on linear, inviscid and slightly compressible fluid theory and the structural response is analyzed on the thin plate assumption. The time domain finite element procedure herein is validated by comparing numerical results with available experimental data. Finally, the transient elastic response of a pontoon-type VLFS under the landing of an airplane is computed by the proposed time domain FEM. The time histories of the applied force and the position and velocity of an airplane during landing are modeled with data from a Boeing 747-400 jumbo jet.

The Effects of the Structure--Foundation Interaction in the Structural Response of a TBM Gallery

The effects of the interaction between a gallery lining and surrounding ground are evaluated. The gallery is circular with constant thickness and surrounding ground as geotechnical characteristics is soft one. Two types of ground are successively considered with bulk modulus K = 9,260 kPa and K = 4,630 kPa. The analysis is carried out for a gallery with 3.80 m inner diameter and 25 cm thickness. This under construction is part of the irrigation system of the ＂Los Rios＂ county （Ecuador）. Comprehensive computations in various hypotheses pointed out the significant effects of the interaction. The sectional stresses （M, N） in the gallery lining embedded in soft ground depend mainly of the gallery depth versus ground surface. Contrary, the mechanical characteristics of the surrounding ground resulted to have little influence.

含大石块泥石流冲击作用下框架结构房屋动力响应研究

基于光滑粒子流体动力学-有限元法(smoothed particle hydrodynamics-finite element method,SPH-FEM)耦合的数值方法,分别从结构破坏形态、冲击力时程、关键点位移和速度、系统能量等方面,研究含大石块泥石流冲击作用下框架结构房屋的动力响应和破坏机理。计算结果表明:SPH-FEM耦合方法能够较好地模拟泥石流冲击爬高、绕流扩散、淤积稳定过程。考虑了三种泥石流强度等级,在低、中强度冲击情况下,框架房屋填充墙受到破坏,房屋结构整体保持稳定;在高强度冲击情况下,可以观察到框架房屋的逐步倒塌过程,框架柱损坏模式体现了剪切破坏或塑性铰链失效机制。对于房屋结构而言,泥石流的冲击破坏能力主要来自龙头的冲击力,龙身冲击力相对于龙头降幅约34.2%,大石块的集中作用是结构柱体局部破坏的主要原因。系统能量主要通过泥石流动能转化为结构内能(17.8%)和摩擦耗能(82.8%)。

新型深海风机钢管桩基础安装用导向架结构优化

为解决水深45.000 m深海风机钢管桩基础安装作业可靠性差和精度低等问题,对一种新型深海风机钢管桩基础安装用导向架进行结构优化。采用有限元法(Finite Element Method, FEM)与试验相结合的方法,从环境参数与作用载荷、结构形式、作业工况和结构强度与结构稳定性等方面对导向架进行综合研究。经海试验证,优化的导向架的打桩精度与打桩高效性均满足技术指标要求,可大幅提高深海风机钢管桩基础安装作业速度和质量。

恶劣海况下船舶砰击颤振响应特性数值计算与试验研究

[目的]针对恶劣海况下船舶所受砰击颤振响应现象,探究船舶非线性波浪载荷与瞬态高幅值砰击载荷的耦合作用。[方法]采用计算流体动力学与有限元方法(CFD-FEM)相结合的双向流固耦合方法对S175集装箱船进行数值仿真计算,并与试验结果及切片理论计算结果进行对比验证;采用分段变截面弹性龙骨梁模型开展船舶的砰击颤振特性模型试验,基于CFD-FEM双向流固耦合方法开展船艏砰击载荷及高频非线性砰击颤振响应特性分析,并与模型试验结果进行对比验证。[结果]结果显示,波浪砰击载荷对船艏颤振响应的影响不可忽视,6级海况下由砰击颤振诱发的二阶高频成分分量占低频波浪弯矩的59.86%。[结论]采用基于CFD-FEM的双向流固耦合方法可准确计算船首砰击颤振响应;在高海况下船舶所受非线性波浪载荷及结构动态响应易受船首瞬态砰击载荷的影响,在船舶结构设计与安全评估中需考虑高频砰击颤振的情况。

基于FEM组合结构动态灵敏度分析

探讨了用有限元法对组合结构进行动力学灵敏度分析的一种新的思路。将组合结构试验模态测试和有限元结合起来识别结合面动力学参数,组合结构之间用虚拟联结件来联结,从而建立了组合结构完整的动力学分析有限元模型,并进行动态灵敏度分析和优化设计。基于此思路和方法利用I-DEAS软件分别对柴油机机体-缸盖组合模型和某大型龙门式组合机架结构进行了动态灵敏度分析,结果表明此方法对分析一般的组合结构动力学优化设计具有普遍意义。

梁端削弱形式对火灾下钢框架抗连续倒塌性能影响

为探究不同梁端削弱形式对火灾下钢框架结构抗连续倒塌性能影响,对中柱失效2层2跨钢框架梁-柱子结构进行常温下Pushdown加载试验,研究其竖向抗力曲线和破坏模态。试验结果表明:中柱失效钢框架结构主要依靠弯曲机制和悬链线机制抵抗外加荷载,且悬链线机制具有滞后性。随后在试验的基础上,通过ABAQUS建立二层平面钢框架模型,并对其展开常温下和火灾下的拟静力模拟,对出现的削弱型梁翼缘、二次削弱型梁翼缘、开洞梁腹板和开洞梁翼缘4种梁端削弱方式进行抗连续倒塌分析。有限元结果表明:削弱型梁翼缘和二次削弱型梁翼缘不论在常温还是高温下,都能提供比未削弱情况下的模型更高的结构竖向抗力和变形能力。较于其他梁端削弱形式,考虑悬链线效应,二次削弱型梁翼缘变形能力最好。

MPS-FEM数值分析带自由面的流固耦合问题

随着计算科学的发展,研究人员为探索流固耦合问题的物理机理而提出了众多的数值方法。其中,耦合的移动粒子半隐式方法 MPS(Moving Particle Semi-Implicit method)和有限单元法FEM(Finite Element method)为流固耦合问题的数值仿真工作提供了新的途径。本文所有流场的数值模拟工作均采用课题组自主开发的无网格法求解器MLParticle-SJTU来完成。该求解器在原始的MPS法基础上,对核函数、压力梯度模型、压力泊松方程的求解和自由面判断方式等方面进行了改进。此外,在该求解器框架内,基于FEM法拓展了针对结构场进行求解的功能。首先,对MPS和FEM方法的理论模型及其耦合策略进行了介绍。然后,采用该自研MPS-FEM耦合求解器,数值模拟了溃坝流动对弹性结构的冲击及其相互作用的标准问题。通过将结构变形及自由面波型变化等结果与已发表结果进行对比,验证了该求解器在处理带自由面剧烈变化的粘性流体和柔性变形结构的耦合作用问题上的可行性。

基于FEM自由度耦合技术的复杂结构内力分析

在应用有限元软件进行复杂工程结构设计内力分析时,不同构件的模型简化导致设计结果出入较大。文章结合工程实例,提出空间梁单元和杆单元的空间耦合技术问题,应用可释放自由度的beam44单元建立较符合实际的模型。与全梁式单元模型相比,应用自由度耦合技术分析的结果减少了结构刚度和设计内力,但过渡单元由于刚度的突然释放导致内力偏大。动力特性分析表明,采用耦合技术的混合模型与全梁式模型在模态上基本一致,但混合结构对位移的敏感性较高,以此设计将过于保守。

基于整体节点理念的钢盖梁与混凝土墩柱连接结构优化设计

针对传统钢盖梁设置套筒外包混凝土墩柱方案墩梁连接位置刚度突变、应力集中及施工定位精度要求高的问题,基于梁柱整体节点理念,以门式框架墩为例,提出一种钢盖梁与钢套筒连接结构优化方案。该方案将连接位置处钢盖梁和钢套筒腹板设计为整体节点板,钢盖梁和钢套筒翼缘板加劲肋一一对应,并将现场接头设置在钢盖梁侧。以某公路工程匝道桥为背景,采用有限元软件分析其门式框架墩采用传统方案与优化方案的受力性能,并将优化方案应用于实桥。结果表明:该优化方案传力顺畅,结构应力集中程度较低,构造合理;该优化方案施工较为简单,容错性更好,具有良好的推广应用前景。

基于力学响应的碳纤维夹层结构可设计性的应用分析

碳纤维夹层结构以轻质高强度和耐腐蚀特性广泛应用航空航天领域。提出一种以最优力学响应特性为目标,对碳纤维铺层角度进行设计,利用有限元分析软件进行仿真验证的设计方法。结果表明,文中方法可充分利用碳纤维夹层结构可设计性,为电子产品结构设计提供参考。

Study on optimal design to improve auto-body structural crashworthiness

In this paper the optimal model of the main energy absorbed structure in an auto-body “front rail”, based on structural crashworthiness is built. For an optimal design on structure crashworthiness, the new method is based on a response surface model and Pareto GA, which improves the efficiency and flexibility of an optimal design, that is brought forward. The traditional optimal method can not be applied in the design of an impact structure due to the high nonlinearity and large time cost of crashworthiness FE analysis. So the method of an optimal design based on crashworthiness is brought forward. After constructing the response surface model of auto-body crashworthiness, the Pareto GA can be applied to find the multi-objective globally. The optimal solution set can then be used to provide many scheme combinations for choice structural parameters.To acquire the optimized structure parameters on front rail crashworthiness, this simplified model of an original design is built. After studying various ways of reinforcing the cross-section to control the structural failure mode, a better method has been found. On the precondition of not increasing the mass of the structure, an optimal design of the front rail is performed further. Finally, the optimized scheme is implemented in the full-car impact analysis and crashworthiness is studied. With proper measures to control deformation of the front rail structure the crashworthiness can be improved with minor structural modifications.

大型集装箱船横置C型LNG燃料罐鞍座结构设计优化

双燃料推进环保船舶正成为新造船的主流选择,为最大化舱容利用率,兼顾集装箱船舱内的结构尺寸特点,大型双燃料集装箱船将C型LNG燃料罐横置在上层建筑下方的船体内。相较于LNG运输船,船体承受的载荷发生较大变化,传统鞍座结构不具备足够的安全性。该文提出一种优化鞍座布置方案以及鞍座结构设计,利用有限元方法对鞍座结构及其支撑加强结构进行强度及疲劳分析,并与传统鞍座设计的结果进行对比,结果表明优化的鞍座结构可以明显改善应力分布,提高疲劳寿命。可为采用C型LNG燃料罐的大型集装箱船的鞍座结构设计提供合理建议。

新型两自由度定子永磁球形混合式步进电机结构及性能分析

多自由度电机有望广泛应用于机器人和机器手等多运动自由度系统中。当前虽然有多种样机原型,但大多数都在实验室研究测试阶段,且电机机械机构、控制系统复杂,生产制造难度高,体积较大的同时材料利用率低。为了推进电机产品化进程和实际应用,提出一种新型定子永磁球形两自由度混合式步进电机。详细介绍电机结构及运行原理;建立电机齿层归一化分析模型,对电机空载和负载性能进行归一化分析,所得结论对于该类电机分析具有通用性;最后,设计一台整体外径为50 mm的新型定子永磁球形两自由度混合式步进电机样机,通过有限元仿真、与同规格转子永磁型两自由度混合式步进电机性能比较,验证了该新型电机性能的优越性,以及齿层归一化分析方法的可行性。

微细颗粒高速撞击沟槽结构靶板抗冲蚀行为研究

研究颗粒高速撞击固体壁面的相关机理是解决动力装备关键部件颗粒冲蚀和沉积的关键技术基础。基于显式动力学算法,建立了球形颗粒冲击平板、波纹形和圆弧形图案结构靶板的冲蚀模型,研究了颗粒冲击角度、速度以及靶板结构等关键因素对冲蚀行的影响规律。结果表明:在30°~60°内,带有图案结构靶板的平均抗冲蚀性能优于平板结构;入射速度和角度一定的情况下,表征颗粒与靶板曲面关系的特征参数R/r对冲蚀率的影响较为明显;当R/r=10时,圆弧形沟槽结构抗冲蚀性能最优。以上研究为优化靶板表面结构、提高其抗冲蚀性能,提供了一定的理论基础及数据支撑。

无梁楼盖计算方法有关问题的探讨

介绍了竖向荷载作用下无梁楼盖的各种计算方法,并对无梁楼盖的手算方法和有限元法从内跨弯矩分配比例、计算跨度取值等方面进行了案例对比分析。结果表明,采用经验系数法或等代框架法计算时,内跨柱上板带与跨中板带的跨中正弯矩分配比例按0.55∶0.45较为合理;计算跨度取值,对于托板柱帽建议取L0=L-2/3C,对于斜柱帽建议取L0=L-bce;计算时可根据文中表格直接求出单位宽度的板带弯矩值。

大型地下结构下修建盾构隧道模型试验

采用三维相似模型试验,研究了在南京玄武湖公路隧道下新建地铁盾构隧道时,两重叠隧道间的相互影响.试验结果表明:盾构隧道施工对玄武湖隧道周围土体的扰动十分有限,不会产生因下方土体变形过大导致玄武湖隧道出现“漂移”现象;对玄武湖隧道下方土体进行加固和加设抗拔桩后,结构附加内力和变形值明显减小;地表下沉很小,不会造成路面结构破坏.最后,用有限元计算进行了对比分析,表明盾构隧道施工中,玄武湖隧道和盾构隧道是安全的,不需进行特殊处理.