Printed circuit boards(PCBs)are representative composite materials,and their high-quality drilling machining remains a persistent challenge in the industry.The finishing of the cutting edge of a microdrill is crucial ...Printed circuit boards(PCBs)are representative composite materials,and their high-quality drilling machining remains a persistent challenge in the industry.The finishing of the cutting edge of a microdrill is crucial to drill performance in machining fine-quality holes with a prolonged tool life.The miniature size involving submicron scale geometric dimensions,a complex flute shape,and low fracture toughness makes the cutting edge of microdrills susceptible to breakage and has been the primary limiting factor in edge preparation for microdrills.In this study,a newly developed cutting edge preparation method for microdrills was tested experimentally on electronic printed circuit boards.The proposed method,namely,shear thickening polishing,limited the cutting edge burrs and chipping on the cutting edge,and this in turn transformed the cutting edge’s radius from being sharp to smooth.Moreover,the edge–edge radius could be regulated by adjusting the processing time.PCB drilling experiments were conducted to investigate the influence of different cutting edge radii on wear,hole position accuracy,nail head value,and hole wall roughness.The proposed approach showed 20%enhancement in hole position accuracy,33%reduction in the nail head value,and 19%reduction in hole wall roughness compared with the original microdrill.However,a threshold is needed;without it,excessive shear thickening polishing will result in a blunt edge,which may accelerate the wear of the microdrill.Wear was identified as the primary factor that reduced hole quality.The study indicates that in printed circuit board machining,microdrills should effectively eliminate grinding defects and maintain the sharpness of the cutting edge as much as possible to obtain excellent drilling quality.Overall,shear thickening polishing is a promising method for cutting edge preparation of microdrills.Further research and optimization can lead to additional improvements in microdrill performance and contribute to the continued advancement of printed circuit board manufacturing.展开更多
For thin oil rim reservoir with gas cap and edge water, it is helpful to improve the development effect to find out the distribution law of remaining oil in this kind of reservoirs. For this reason, taking the narrow ...For thin oil rim reservoir with gas cap and edge water, it is helpful to improve the development effect to find out the distribution law of remaining oil in this kind of reservoirs. For this reason, taking the narrow oil rim reservoir with gas cap and edge water of Oilfield A in Bohai Sea as a case, the main controlling factors, including reservoir structure, fault, gas cap energy, edge water energy and well pattern, affecting the distribution of residual oil in this kind of reservoir were analyzed by using the data of core, logging, paleogeomorphology and production. Then, the distribution law of remaining oil was summarized. Generally, the remaining oil distribution is mainly potato-shaped or strip-shaped in plane. Vertically, it depends on the energy of gas cap and edge water. For the reservoir with big gas gap and weak edge water, the remaining oil mainly lies in the bottom of oil column. And for the reservoir with small gas gap and strong edge water, the remaining oil mainly locates at the top of oil column. Aiming at different distribution modes of remaining oil, the corresponding potential tapping strategies of horizontal wells are put forward: in the late stage of development, for the reservoir with big gas gap and weak edge water, the remaining oil concentrates at the bottom of the oil column, and the position of horizontal well should be placed at the lower 1/3 to the lower 1/5 of the oil column;for the reservoir with small gas cap and strong edge water, the remaining oil locates at the top of the oil column, and the position of horizontal well should be put at the upper 1/5 to the upper 1/3 of the oil column height, vertically. Based on the study on remaining oil of Oilfield A, a potential tapping strategy of well pattern thickening and vertical position optimization of horizontal well was proposed. This strategy guided the efficient implementation of the comprehensive adjustment plan of the oilfield. Moreover, 18 infill development wells were implemented in Oilfield A, and the average production of the infill wells is 2.1 times that of the surrounding old wells. It is estimated that the ultimate recovery factor of the oilfield will reach 33.9%, which is 2.3% higher than that before infilling wells. This study can be used for reference in the development of similar reservoirs.展开更多
To improve the strength-toughness of traditional U-rib（ TUR） and solve the problem of insufficient penetration between TUR and deckplate,a new local thickened U-rib（ LTUR） has been proposed to improve the fatigue ...To improve the strength-toughness of traditional U-rib（ TUR） and solve the problem of insufficient penetration between TUR and deckplate,a new local thickened U-rib（ LTUR） has been proposed to improve the fatigue resistance of the weld joint under the premise of not increasing thickness and strength of the TUR material. And a hot /warm roll-forming process（ RFP） adopting partially induction heating to 700- 1 000℃ was carried out to fabricate LTUR. The deformation behaviors in the forming process and microstructure of LTUR have been investigated.Mechanical properties and fracture mechanism of the LTUR after hot / warm RFP have been systematically discussed. Moreover,the results are compared with those obtained in cold RFP. Mechanical properties of the LTUR deformed above the critical transformation temperature（ A_（c3）） show high performance characteristics with marked fatigue resistance and superior toughness. Upon increasing the heating temperature from 700 to 900 ℃,the initial coarse ferrite-pearlite structure transform into equiaxed ultrafine ferrite（ 1- 3 μm） and precipitates such as（ Nb,Ti）（ C,N） are uniformly distributed in the matrix. The average dislocation density of the specimens after hot rollforming at heating temperature of 900 ℃ decreases dramatically compared with those of the specimens subjected to the cold RFP. Furthermore,a typical characteristic of ductile fracture mechanism and the high impact energy are more convinced that the specimens deformed above 900 ℃ have obtained an optimal combination of strength and toughness.展开更多
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52175441)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province,China(Grant No.LD22E050010)+4 种基金the travel scholarship from the China Scholarship Council(Grant No.202208330333)for secondment of Jiahuan Wang at London South Bank University(LSBU)for working closely with Prof.GoelSaurav Goel would like to acknowledge the funding support from UK Research and Innovation,UKRI(Grant Nos.EP/S036180/1 and EP/T024607/1)the feasibility study awards to LSBU from the UKRI National Interdisciplinary Circular Economy Hub(Grant No.EP/V029746/1)Transforming the Foundation Industries:A Network+(Grant No.EP/V026402/1)the International Exchange Cost Share Award by the Royal Society(Grant No.IEC\NSFC\223536).This work accessed the supercomputing service(Isambard-AI,Bristol,UK)via the Resource Allocation Panel and Kittrick(LSBU)-based computational resources.
文摘Printed circuit boards(PCBs)are representative composite materials,and their high-quality drilling machining remains a persistent challenge in the industry.The finishing of the cutting edge of a microdrill is crucial to drill performance in machining fine-quality holes with a prolonged tool life.The miniature size involving submicron scale geometric dimensions,a complex flute shape,and low fracture toughness makes the cutting edge of microdrills susceptible to breakage and has been the primary limiting factor in edge preparation for microdrills.In this study,a newly developed cutting edge preparation method for microdrills was tested experimentally on electronic printed circuit boards.The proposed method,namely,shear thickening polishing,limited the cutting edge burrs and chipping on the cutting edge,and this in turn transformed the cutting edge’s radius from being sharp to smooth.Moreover,the edge–edge radius could be regulated by adjusting the processing time.PCB drilling experiments were conducted to investigate the influence of different cutting edge radii on wear,hole position accuracy,nail head value,and hole wall roughness.The proposed approach showed 20%enhancement in hole position accuracy,33%reduction in the nail head value,and 19%reduction in hole wall roughness compared with the original microdrill.However,a threshold is needed;without it,excessive shear thickening polishing will result in a blunt edge,which may accelerate the wear of the microdrill.Wear was identified as the primary factor that reduced hole quality.The study indicates that in printed circuit board machining,microdrills should effectively eliminate grinding defects and maintain the sharpness of the cutting edge as much as possible to obtain excellent drilling quality.Overall,shear thickening polishing is a promising method for cutting edge preparation of microdrills.Further research and optimization can lead to additional improvements in microdrill performance and contribute to the continued advancement of printed circuit board manufacturing.
文摘For thin oil rim reservoir with gas cap and edge water, it is helpful to improve the development effect to find out the distribution law of remaining oil in this kind of reservoirs. For this reason, taking the narrow oil rim reservoir with gas cap and edge water of Oilfield A in Bohai Sea as a case, the main controlling factors, including reservoir structure, fault, gas cap energy, edge water energy and well pattern, affecting the distribution of residual oil in this kind of reservoir were analyzed by using the data of core, logging, paleogeomorphology and production. Then, the distribution law of remaining oil was summarized. Generally, the remaining oil distribution is mainly potato-shaped or strip-shaped in plane. Vertically, it depends on the energy of gas cap and edge water. For the reservoir with big gas gap and weak edge water, the remaining oil mainly lies in the bottom of oil column. And for the reservoir with small gas gap and strong edge water, the remaining oil mainly locates at the top of oil column. Aiming at different distribution modes of remaining oil, the corresponding potential tapping strategies of horizontal wells are put forward: in the late stage of development, for the reservoir with big gas gap and weak edge water, the remaining oil concentrates at the bottom of the oil column, and the position of horizontal well should be placed at the lower 1/3 to the lower 1/5 of the oil column;for the reservoir with small gas cap and strong edge water, the remaining oil locates at the top of the oil column, and the position of horizontal well should be put at the upper 1/5 to the upper 1/3 of the oil column height, vertically. Based on the study on remaining oil of Oilfield A, a potential tapping strategy of well pattern thickening and vertical position optimization of horizontal well was proposed. This strategy guided the efficient implementation of the comprehensive adjustment plan of the oilfield. Moreover, 18 infill development wells were implemented in Oilfield A, and the average production of the infill wells is 2.1 times that of the surrounding old wells. It is estimated that the ultimate recovery factor of the oilfield will reach 33.9%, which is 2.3% higher than that before infilling wells. This study can be used for reference in the development of similar reservoirs.
文摘To improve the strength-toughness of traditional U-rib（ TUR） and solve the problem of insufficient penetration between TUR and deckplate,a new local thickened U-rib（ LTUR） has been proposed to improve the fatigue resistance of the weld joint under the premise of not increasing thickness and strength of the TUR material. And a hot /warm roll-forming process（ RFP） adopting partially induction heating to 700- 1 000℃ was carried out to fabricate LTUR. The deformation behaviors in the forming process and microstructure of LTUR have been investigated.Mechanical properties and fracture mechanism of the LTUR after hot / warm RFP have been systematically discussed. Moreover,the results are compared with those obtained in cold RFP. Mechanical properties of the LTUR deformed above the critical transformation temperature（ A_（c3）） show high performance characteristics with marked fatigue resistance and superior toughness. Upon increasing the heating temperature from 700 to 900 ℃,the initial coarse ferrite-pearlite structure transform into equiaxed ultrafine ferrite（ 1- 3 μm） and precipitates such as（ Nb,Ti）（ C,N） are uniformly distributed in the matrix. The average dislocation density of the specimens after hot rollforming at heating temperature of 900 ℃ decreases dramatically compared with those of the specimens subjected to the cold RFP. Furthermore,a typical characteristic of ductile fracture mechanism and the high impact energy are more convinced that the specimens deformed above 900 ℃ have obtained an optimal combination of strength and toughness.
