Morphology and Precipitation Kinetics of MnS in Low-Carbon Steel During Thin Slab Continuous Casting Process

The morphology of manganese sulfide formed during thin slab continuous casting process in low-carbon steel produced by compact strip production （CSP） technique was investigated. Using transmission electron microscopy analysis, it was seen that a majority of manganese sulfides precipitated at austenite grain boundaries, the morphologies of which were spherical or close to the spherical shape and the size of MnS precipitates ranged from 30 nm to 100 nm. A mathematical model of the manganese sulfide precipitation in this process was developed based on classical nucleation theory. Under the given conditions, the starting and finishing precipitation temperatures of MnS in the continuous casting thin slab of the studied low-carbon steel are 1 189 ℃ and 1 171 ℃, respectively, and the average diameter of MnS precipitates is about 48 nm within this precipitation temperature range. The influences of chemical components and thermo-mechanical processing conditions on the precipitation behavior of MnS in the same process were also discussed.

Longitudinal surface cracks of thin slabs

Based on the production practice of medium carbon thin slabs in the CSP plant,the reasons and influencing factors for the formation of longitudinal cracks were investigated,and some industrial measures were taken to eliminate the cracks.The results show that the efficient solutions to reduce longitudinal cracks are improving the performance of the mold powder,stabilizing the mold heat flux,and maintaining a proper taper of the mold during casting.Proper pouring temperature and secondary cooling also play important roles in preventing longitudinal surface cracks.

Hot top electromagnetic casting research of Al thin slab

The hot top EMC (electromagnetic casting) method was put forward, namely, the shape of top liquid column was formed by the hot top in the screen and the semi suspended liquid column was formed by the electromagnetic force nearby the liquid solid interface frontier. Using the numerical simulating technique, the temperature distribution was discussed, the effect of parameters such as upper conduct distance (UCD), cooling water rate of flow, pouring temperature and liquid column height on casting velocity were studied, the relationship among them was confirmed finally. According to the calculated results, the hot top EMC shaping system was designed and a lot of experiments were performed. The pure Al thin slabs of 480 mm×20 mm×850 mm were made successfully. The result showed that the casting velocity curve obtained experimentally almost coincides to the calculated one.

STUDY OF DYNAMIC RECRYSTALLIZATION OF LOW CARBON STEEL IN THIN SLAB CONTINUOUS ROLLING PROCESS

Combined with the technological characteristics of thin slab continuous rolling process （TSCR）, dynamic recrystallization of an extremely coarse austenite of low carbon steel is studied by Thermecmaster-Z hot simulator. By the analysis of true stress-strain curves and the observation of microstructures at different deformation stages, the critical stress and critical strain are determined under different deformation conditions. The effect of Z parameter on dynamic recrystallization of coarse austenite is studied. The microstructure evolution in real production is also discussed.

Numerical Simulation of Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer in Funnel Shaped Mold of Thin Slab Continuous Caster

Thin slab casting is used widely in the world. The control of molten steel flow and solidification in the mold is difficult due to the high casting speed and complicated configuration of the mold. Numerical simulation was carried out to study the fluid flow and heat transfer in the funnel shaped mold. The influence of nozzle design, casting speed and nozzle submersion depth on the flow and temperature fields in the mold was investigated, and guidance for selecting configurations of submerged nozzle was obtained.

DANIELI concepts and experiences in thin slab casting and rolling technology for HRC production—the evolution of a winning process route to face increasing market requirements

The direct rolling process for hot strip production,where the thin slab caster is connected directly to the mill,has gained market share rapidly because of its remarkable advantages in terms of energy savings and investment cost over the conventional hot strip mills. However,the unquestionable advantages of the first-generation applications of this plant concept also entail significant limitations both in productivity and steel grades that can be produced. Since his first pioneering applications,Danieli considered strategic the development of new technical solutions specifically conceived to overcome these limitations with the goal of increasing plant production volumes and enlarging steel grade product mix,in order to cover the gap between "Conventional mill" and "Thin slab casting and rolling" process routes. In order to reach this goal,Danieli has developed a complete portfolio of plant lay outs adopting Thin Slab Casting and Rolling technologies,each of them conceived to guarantee the optimal CAPEX and OPEX parameters in fitting with market requirements our Customer intend to target.in terms of productivity,steel grades and coil dimension product mix. Danieli TSR(Thin Slab Rolling) fTSR(flexible Thins Slab Rolling) QSP(Quality Strip Production) and ETR(Extra Thin Rolling) plant configurations are analyzed in this paper. With this diversified approach,Danieli solutions are most appropriate answers to thin slab casting and rolling to produce hot rolled coils with superior quality and an extremely diversified range of steel grades. Already,this approach has allowed Danieli plants to:①exceed the threshold production of 3.0 Mt/a with 2 casting strands in operation as done in Tangshan Iron and Steel plant in P.R.China since 2005;②expand the product mix to include virtually all the steel grades used for flat product applications,including the most demanding ones,such as peritectic(in Essar Algoma Canada and Benxi Iron and Steel,China),micro-alloyed,and silicon steels,for the most sophisticated applications,such as automotive and pipe manufacturing,including Arctic applications,(as done in OMK plant in Russia);③extend the range of final strip thicknesses to include ultra thin gauges,down to 0.8 mm(as in Ezz Flat Steel,in Egypt).

INFLUENCES OF CASTING SPEED AND SEN DEPTH ON FLUID FLOW IN THE FUNNEL TYPE MOLD OF A THIN SLAB CASTER

In recent years, thin slab continuous casting technology has been widely used to improve the quality of the product and to reduce the cost. One of the challenges faced by this technology is to design reasonable flow patterns, which strongly affect the surface and inner properties of the final slab in the mold. With the fixed scales and complex geometrical structures of nozzle and funnel type mold, a series of numerical simulations are made to analyze the flow patterns in melt steel using finite volume method based on structured body fitted coordinate grids. The CFD （computational fluid dynamics） package is validated first using one typical case described in previously published studies, and then it is developed to study the effect of operational parameters on fluid flow in thin slab caster. Two operational parameters, casting speed and SEN （submerged entry nozzle） depth, are mainly considered for numerical analysis. On the basis of present simulations, the reasonable SEN submergence depths corresponding to different casting speeds are suggested according to fluid flow characteristics like, flow jet impingement on the narrow side of the mold, flow speed of the melt steel beneath the meniscus and the recirculation region. This is the first stage of study on the numerical analysis of the whole thin slab casting process with electromagnetic brake.

Modeling of unsteadiness of fluid flows and level fluctuations in thin slab continuous casting moulds

Unsteady fluid flows and level fluctuations in a thin slab continuous casting mould have significant influence on product quality. In this study, the phenomena concerning transient flow features and free surface motions were analyzed by means of the large eddy simulation （LES） software with the smagorinsky SGS model--VisualCast （VCast） II, where the Simpler algorithm on a body-fitted mesh was used to resolve governing equations. A series of water analog experiments on the fluid flow and the surface wave in the moulds of thin slab continuous casting were also performed. The results of fluid regions, middle of vortex and level fluctuation from digital simulations were identical with the results of the water analog experiments.

Behavior of Liquid Steel in Mold for Thin Slab Caster

The comparison of different submerged entry nozzles(SEN)was made by numerical simulation regarding the influence of liquid steel flow field,heat transfer and mold fluxes,as well as solidification shell stress and surface quality of thin slabs.The optimum internal shape of mold and the SEN were obtained.The foundation for choice of internal shape and casting parameters of mold was built.

Technological Investigation on the Continuous Casting of Mid-Width Thin Slabs

Continuous casting of thin slabs is a key state project for 7th and sth five -year plans. On thebasis of foundamental works , CISRI condueted the tests of 102 heats in Lanzhou Steel Works in the periodof January 1991- June 1992. Three slab assortments of 50× 900 mm . 70 × 900 mm , 70 × 500 mm were ex-amined. In June of 1992, 412 t steel of 46 heats were cast with the efficiency of 91. 3 %. This. result meetsthe requiremeni of the state in this period. The mould, hedt transfer . casting technology and factors influ-encing slab’s qualities are investigated as well.

Antioxidant Coating of SEN for Thin Slab Con-casting

The SEN for thin slab con-casting is easy to break and damage because of the oxidation during preheating and application. The enamel coating material is generally applied on the surface of SEN to avoid the oxidation. The coating material with born glass and silicon as main starting materials and silica sol as binder was studied. ZrO2 - C and Al2O3 - C materials containing 15% carbon were isostatic pressed, and heated at 600 ℃ , 900 ℃ , 1 200 ℃ , 1 500 ℃ for 2 h, respectively. The results show that the coating material with 70% of boron glass and 30% of silicon bonded by silica sol can form denser protection layer in the above mentioned materials at the range of 600 -1 500 ℃. The oxidation area ratio and weight loss ratio with the coating are much lower than those without the coating.

Elastic one-return boundary element method and hybrid elastic thin-slab propagator for strong-contrast media with sharp boundaries

In this paper, we developed the theory and algorithm of an elastic one-way boundary element method（BEM） and a corresponding hybrid elastic thin-slab propagator for earth media with sharp boundaries between strong contrast media. This approach can takes the advantage of accurate boundary condition of BEM and completely overcomes the weak contrast limitation of the perturbationtheory based one-way operator approach. The one-way BEM is a smooth boundary approximation, which avoids huge matrix operations in exact full BEM. In addition, the one-way BEM can model the primary-only transmitted and reflected waves and therefore is a valuable tool in elastic imaging and inversion. Through numerical tests for some simple models,we proved the validity and efficiency of the proposed method.

Development of a New Subermerged Entry Nozzle in Thin Slab Caster

The fluid flow in the mould of the thin slab continuous caster has a large intluence on the quality of slabs and its productivity.The fluid flow pattern can be controlled by the SEN (Submerged Entry Nozzle) structure. Traditional SEN can not decrease the surface turbulence and penetration depth at the same time, especially at high casting speed. In order to improve the fluid flow in the mould, a new structure SEN-Dissipation SEN have been invented. The water modeling experiments proved that the dissipation SEN could satisfy, the needs of fluid flow condition in the mould at high casting speed.

Experimental Study of Fluid Flow in Thin Slab Continuous Caster Mould with Water-Model

Model study is an efficient method for optimizing the siructure of the mould and the submerged entry nozzle (SEN). Based on the similarity criteria, a full-scale water model has been established in accordance with the mould of thin-slab caster of the CSP (Compact Strip Production) operation. The effects of SEN structure including outlet area, outflow angle, nozzle width, thick-ness and immersion depth have been studied under high speed casting by measuring the amplitude and the impetus of top waves. By the orthogonal experiment design, not only the influence of the faCtors was estimated, but also the optimum work condition was judged. The rules of the fluid flow phenomena were summarized. The principle for choosing a reasonable structure of SEN was discussed.

Numerical simulation of liquid core reduction in thin-slab continuous casting

Thin-slab continuous casting and rolling technology is a process integrating casting and plastic deformation. In this study,targeting actions such as slab deformation and liquid core flows during the process of liquid core reduction on thin-slab continuous casting, suggests the fluid-solid coupling method should be used to research the characteristic and patterns of slab deformation during the liquid core reduction process, as well as research liquid core backflows. A material model of the slab shell was obtained through the high-temperature compression test of the cast steel. The analysis of the fluid-solid coupling simulation for liquid core reduction shows that slab deformation concentrates on the narrow side due to the existence of the liquid core. Meanwhile,the stress and strain increases with the increase of the reduction rate and slab thickness. The changing trends of stress and strain are identical under various conditions. The results demonstrate that using greater reduction at the upper part of the slab, which has a higher temperature and thinner slab,is beneficial to the quality of the slab. Moreover,the liquid core is extruded as the reduction is implemented. The quantity of the extrusion increases with the increase of reduction rate and the thickness of thinner shell, which leads to fluctuation of the mould level, making the operation more difficult.

论与薄板近似和屏近似有关的几个计算问题

薄板近似与屏近似是为了实现De Wolf近似而提出的两种双域算法,广泛地应用于地震波数值模拟和偏移成像。算法实现过程中存在几个计算问题,如:F-K域空间假频问题、背景速度选取和薄板厚度划分问题、横向非均匀介质中的背景Green函数计算问题、如何处理横向非均匀性问题等。然而,针对上述计算问题的系统讨论还未见报道。针对这种现状,文中首先回顾了薄板近似法和屏近似法的具体实现。其次,对上述几个计算问题进行了系统的研究,具体为:①阐明了F-K域空间假频产生的原因,并利用纵、横向振幅衰减因子消除了空间假频现象;②对背景速度的选取进行了探究,尽可能保证薄板内整体速度扰动相对较小是背景速度选择的关键;③对比了不同薄板厚度下薄板近似法和屏近似法的正演记录和计算效率,并讨论了薄板划分的依据;④分析了背景Green函数不稳定性的原因,以及横向非均匀介质情况下的计算误差问题;⑤探讨了介质横向不均匀性对薄板近似和屏近似精度的影响,并提出了几种改善算子适应介质横向变化的方法。最后,利用三维简单层状模型和二维实际速度模型对讨论结果进行了测试。该研究结果可为薄板近似法和屏近似法在复杂介质的应用提供一定的理论基础。

薄板坯连铸连轧产线高碳钢低成本生产实践

针对薄板坯连铸连轧高碳钢产品,通过产品精确成分控制,低价物料替代,钢料料、合金辅料等成本管控,过程控制能力提升等手段,实现基于薄板坯连铸连轧产线的高碳钢低成本高质量生产,生产成本降低50元/t,极大的提高了产品竞争性。

薄板坯连铸结晶器在线调宽技术的应用

日照钢铁公司薄板坯连铸连轧产线以其短流程、低能耗、高产量的特点而得到快速发展,该产线以生产低碳低硅钢、耐候钢、汽车钢、中碳钢、高碳钢等系列1250~1500 mm断面规格为主,带钢尺寸精度控制高。由于连铸结晶器出口宽度固定,单浇次内带钢宽度单一,通过应用结晶器在线调宽技术,实现了单浇次内多种规格宽度生产,实现了薄板坯连铸连轧技术的新突破。

超高速薄板坯保护渣组分对析晶行为影响的热力学研究

随着我国"2030碳达峰、2060碳中和"目标的提出,对超高速薄板坯提出了新的要求,面对"冷齿"现象的频发,对超高拉速薄板坯保护渣渣系组分进行了调整,采用FactSage热力学计算的方法,对于此保护渣系下通过改变碱度、Al_(2)O_(3)、Li_(2)O含量下的析晶行为进行了模拟计算。模拟研究表明,随着碱度的升高,保护渣中的枪晶石Ca_(4)Si_(2)F_(2)O_(7)的含量变少,Ca_(5)Si_(2)F_(2)O_(8)的含量持续上升;随着Al_(2)O_(3)含量增加,Ca_(4)Si_(2)F_(2)O_(7)的含量持续增加,Ca_(5)Si_(2)F_(2)O_(8)的含量持续下降;随着Li_(2)O含量增加Ca_(4)Si_(2)F_(2)O_(7)的含量变为0,Ca_(5)Si_(2)F_(2)O_(8)的含量先上升再下降。

薄板坯连铸机保护浇注新技术的开发与应用

针对目前薄板坯连铸机保护浇注在生产遇到的瓶颈问题,对钢包的钢水通道实现气幕阻隔,并对中间包包盖进行了改造,同时通过中间包机构弹簧压力调整进一步提升板间密封效果,使钢水在浇注过程中完全与空气隔绝,C、D类夹杂物零级比例达到90%,夹杂物总量控制在0.5级以下,保护浇注新技术实施效果明显。