全耳内镜下耳屏软骨-软骨膜复合体在上鼓室外侧壁重建中的临床应用

目的探究全耳内镜下耳屏软骨-软骨膜复合体在上鼓室外侧壁重建中的临床应用。方法选取2020年6月~2023年6月间徐州市中心医院收治的58例进行上鼓室外侧壁重建的胆脂瘤患者,根据采用修复材料的不同分为对照组及观察组各29例。对照组采用耳屏软骨膜进行上鼓室外侧壁重建,观察组采用耳屏软骨-软骨膜复合体进行上鼓室外侧壁重建,两组患者均于全耳内镜下进行手术。统计患者术中出血量、手术时间,术后3个月复查听力情况、干耳情况及耳道功能改善情况,术后随访6个月鼓膜愈合情况。结果与术前比较,术后3个月气导听阈、气骨导差降低(P<0.05),与对照组比较,观察组气导听阈、气骨导差降低(P<0.05);与对照组比较,观察组干耳率、耳道功能良好率、听力提高成功率均升高,干耳时间缩短,但耳屏愈合时间增加(P<0.05);与对照组比较,观察组手术时间缩短,术中出血量减少(P<0.05);观察组、对照组术后并发症总发生率分别为13.79%、24.14%,二者比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组愈合良好率高于对照组(86.21%vs.62.07%)(P<0.05),两组患者耳膜穿孔(10.34%vs.24.14%)、鼓膜移位(3.45%vs.6.90%)及鼓膜回缩(0.00%vs.6.90%)发生情况比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论全耳内镜下耳屏软骨-软骨膜复合体在上鼓室外侧壁重建中有利于改善患者听力,有利于术后恢复。

Flow behavior in microchannel made of different materials with wall slip velocity and electro-viscous effects

In a microfluidic system, flow slip velocity on a solid wall can be the same order of magnitude as the average velocity in a microchannel. The flow-electricity interaction in a complex microfluidic system subjected to joint action of wall slip and electro-viscous effect is an important topic. This paper presents an analytic solution of pressuredriven liquid flow velocity and flow-induced electric field in a two-dimensional microchannel made of different materials with wall slip and electro-viscous effects. The Poisson- Boltzmann equation and the Navier-Stokes equation are solved for the analytic solutions. The analytic solutions agree well with the numerical solutions. It was found that the wall slip amplifies the fow-induced electric field and enhances the electro-viscous effect on flow. Thus the electro-viscous effect can be significant in a relatively wide microchannel with relatively large kh, the ratio of channel width to thickness of electric double layer, in comparison with the channel without wall slip.

Determination of <i>α</i>-1,3-Linked Mannose Residue in the Cell Wall Mannan of <i>Candida tropicalis</i>NBRC 1400 Strain

To investigate the chemical structure of cell wall mannan obtained from pathogenic yeast, Candida tropicalis NBRC 1400 (former antigenic standard strain, IFO 1400). As a result of two-dimensional NMR analysis, it was shown that the mannan of this strain is composed of α-1,6-, α-1,3-, α-1,2- and β-1,2-linked mannose residues. In this research, the mannan was subjected to three degradation procedures, acid-treatment, α-mannosidase, and acetolysis under two conditions in order to determine the chemical structure of the antigenic oligomannosyl side chains in this molecule. The 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of resultant oligosaccharides, pentaose and hexaose, demonstrated the existence of the oligomannosyl side chains corresponding to Manα1-3Manα1-2Manα1-2Manα1-2Man and Manα1-3Manα1-2Manα1-2Manα1-2Manα1-2Man, respectively, which have previously also been found in Candida albicans serotype A strain mannans. These findings indicate that C. tropicalis and C. albicans serotype A have no significant difference in the chemical structure of these cell wall mannans. Therefore, it can be interpreted that it is extremely difficult to distinguish both species by targeting the antigenic group in these mannans.

Influence of Wall Effect on Comprehensive Controllability for Ducted Fan Aircraft

A novel coaxial ducted fan structure aircraft is proposed to enable the aircraft near vertical walls at high altitudes.The state space equation of the system can be obtained by correlation deduction and identification of the whole prototype model.Based on the duct test bench experiment and computational fluid dynamics(CFD)simulation analysis,the expressions between the different distances dWE from the rotor center of the prototype to the wall and the thrust,reaction torque,and tilting moment of the system under hovering conditions are obtained.The influence of the wall effect of the prototype is incorporated into the system model to analyze the relationship between distance dWE and the comprehensive controllability of the system.The results show that the system comprehensive controllability vector of other channels changes little with the decrease of the distance dWE,and only the controllability vector of the rolling channel increases significantly.At the same time,the tilting moment also increases significantly,which strengthens the tendency of the prototype to tilt towards the wall.

Structural model for the first wall W-based material in ITER project

The preparation, characterization, and test of the first wall materials designed to be used in the fusion reactor have remained challenging problems in the material science. This work uses the firstprinciples method as implemented in the CASTEP package to study the influ ences of the doped titanium carbide on the structural sta bility of the WTiC material. The calculated total energy and enthalpy have been used as criteria to judge the structural models built with consideration of symmetry. Our simulation indicates that the doped TiC tends to form its own domain up to the investigated nanoscale, which implies a possible phase separation. This result reveals the intrinsic reason for the composite nature of the WTiC material and provides an explanation for the experimen tally observed phase separation at the nanoscale. Our approach also sheds a light on explaining the enhancing effects of doped components on the durability, reliability, corrosion resistance, etc., in many special steels.

飞机薄壁件损伤铆接修理前后承载能力分析

铆接是飞机结构损伤修理中常用的修理方法之一。为深入研究飞机薄壁件损伤铆接修理前后的承载能力和破坏形式,应用ANSYS/LS-DYNA软件建立了其三维有限元模型,进行了准静态拉伸仿真模拟,并将相应的模拟结果与试验结果进行了对比分析。结果表明:有限元分析能有效模拟飞机薄壁件损伤铆接修理前后的承载能力和破坏形式;同时,进一步分析了铆钉布置和盖板形状对飞机薄壁件损伤铆接修理前后承载能力的影响。这些结果为研究飞机结构铆接修理工艺参数优化设计提供了参考依据。

基于ANSYS/LS-DYNA的钢板混凝土墙冲击实验的有限元分析

运用经典的显式非线性动力分析软件ANSYS/LS-DYNA,分析了1/7.5缩尺飞机模型撞击钢板混凝土墙的冲击实验。选用两种不同的混凝土材料本构模型(Winfrith模型、CSCM模型)模拟混凝土的非线性破坏过程,将钢板混凝土墙的破坏模式以及飞机模型的残余速度等与实验结果进行了对比。结果表明,有限元分析结果与实验吻合较好,且Winfrith材料模型能够更好地模拟混凝土的大应变、高应变率的非线性性能,验证了钢板混凝土墙和飞机材料本构模型的选取以及整个分析方法的适用性和有效性。

Effect of Multiple Thermal Cycles on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Cu Modified Ti64 Thin Wall Fabricated by Wire-Arc Directed Energy Deposition

This study investigated the effect of thermal cycles on Cu-modified Ti64 thin-walled components deposited using the wire-arc directed energy deposition(wire-arc DED)process.For the samples before and after experiencing thermal cycles,it was found that both microstructures consisted of priorβ,grain boundaryα(GBα),and basketweave structures containingα+βlamellae.Thermal cycles realized the refinement ofαlaths,the coarsening of priorβgrains andβlaths,while the size and morphology of continuously distributed GBαremained unchanged.The residualβcontent was increased after thermal cycles.Compared with the heat-treated sample with nanoscale Ti2Cu formed,short residence time in high temperature caused by the rapid cooling rate of thermal cycles restricted Ti2Cu formation.No formation of brittle Ti2Cu means that only grain refinement strengthening and solid-solution strengthening matter.The yield strength increased from 809.9 to 910.85 MPa(12.46%increase).Among them,the main contribution from solid solution strengthening(~51 MPa)was due to the elemental redistribution effect betweenαandβphases caused by thermal cycles through quantitative analysis.The ultimate tensile strength increased from 918.5 to 974.22 MPa(6.1%increase),while fracture elongation increased from 6.78 to 10.66%(57.23%increase).Grain refinement ofαlaths,the promotedα′martensite decomposition,decreased aspect ratio,decreased Schmid factor,and local misorientation change ofαlaths are the main factors in improved ductility.Additionally,although the fracture modes of the samples in the top and middle regions are both brittle-ductile mixed fracture mode,the thermal cycles still contributed to an improvement in tensile ductility.

基于ProCAST的某超大型镁合金飞机吊舱铸件工艺仿真与改进

针对某超大型镁合金吊舱薄壁铸件圆角处缩孔缺陷频发的铸造难题,首先针对铸件结构、合金材料及铸造工艺等开展缺陷成因分析。提出在现有浇注系统局部增加内浇道并优化内浇道形状的方案,以提高冒口对缺陷区域的补缩能力,同时抑制氧化夹渣等缺陷的引入。然后,采用铸造有限元模拟方法,对优化工艺开展铸造过程仿真分析,包括流场和温度场、固相率及温度云图切片等,确认了上述优化方案的可行性。最后开展铸造试验验证。结果证明:优化工艺有效解决了超大型镁合金薄壁铸件圆角处的缩孔缺陷。本研究对其他超大型镁合金薄壁铸件的铸造工艺设计具有借鉴意义。

基于0-1整数规划的航空薄壁件定位布局优化

为了减少航空薄壁件的定位变形,提出了一种基于0-1整数规划的定位布局优化方法,并对适应自动钻铆的预装配工装的内型卡板布局进行了优化设计。该方法基于"N-2-1"定位原理,将布局优化问题转化为0-1整数规划问题;以对薄壁件定位系统参数化建模分析得到的薄壁件最大变形量最小为优化目标,建立定位布局递推优化模型;采用分步求解的策略,通过混合粒子群算法对薄壁件进行定位布局优化。

热声载荷环境高速飞行器加筋壁板非线性振动响应特性研究

目的 针对热声载荷环境下高速飞行器排气道加筋壁板结构的大挠度非线性振动响应特性问题展开研究。方法 基于薄壁结构大挠度运动控制方程,开展了加筋壁板结构在热声载荷下的非线性响应仿真计算,给出了加筋壁板结构运动方程,分析了发生热屈曲的临界温度,并运用有限元方法进行数值模拟,计算了加筋壁板结构在不同载荷下的非线性振动响应特性。结果 模态频率的一致性在结果中得到体现。计算了多参数即结构、温度、声压级变化下壁板结构的响应变化。加筋会使壁板结构基频升高,响应降低;屈曲前随温度上升,结构基频不断降低,最低时处于临界温度附近;屈曲后随温度上升,结构基频不断升高。基频幅值在温度上升的过程中先升高后降低。声压级每升高6 dB,等效应力平均升高1.98倍,验证了响应的非线性特性。结论 结构、温度、声压级参数对加筋薄壁结构非线性振动响应有较大影响,加筋壁板结构在温度上升过程中由屈曲前稳定状态变为屈曲失稳状态,又逐步变为屈曲后稳定状态。本文所做的工作可为其他薄壁结构,尤其是加筋壁板结构的非线性振动响应特性计算与分析提供参考依据。

Numerical study on three-dimensional flow field of continuously rotating detonation in a toroidal chamber

Gaseous detonation propagating in a toroidal chamber was numerically studied for hydrogen/oxygen/nitrogen mixtures. The numerical method used is based on the three-dimensional Euler equations with detailed finiterate chemistry. The results show that the calculated streak picture is in qualitative agreement with the picture recorded by a high speed streak camera from published literature. The three-dimensional flow field induced by a continuously rotating detonation was visualized and distinctive features of the rotating detonations were clearly depicted. Owing to the unconfined character of detonation wavelet, a deficit of detonation parameters was observed. Due to the effects of wall geometries, the strength of the outside detonation front is stronger than that of the inside portion. The detonation thus propagates with a constant circular velocity. Numerical simulation also shows three-dimensional rotating detonation structures, which display specific feature of the detonation- shock combined wave. Discrete burning gas pockets are formed due to instability of the discontinuity. It is believed that the present study could give an insight into the interest- ing properties of the continuously rotating detonation, and is thus beneficial to the design of continuous detonation propulsion systems.

飞机壁板钛合金T型焊缝的高频超声相控阵检测技术

飞机壁板钛合金双束激光焊逐渐成为高性能机身结构的主要连接方式。鉴于壁板焊缝质量要求高、缺陷类型多、焊缝规模大,亟须一种兼顾高效率和高精度的无损检测技术保障其安全性能。本研究提出飞机壁板焊缝的高频超声相控阵检测技术,设计了相控阵超声检测探头及对比试块对焊缝内外部缺陷进行扇扫成像检测,并通过金相方法验证了检测结果。结果表明,高频超声相控阵检测技术可有效检测壁板T型焊缝中的典型内外部缺陷,包括未熔合、气孔、咬边、焊缝成形不良,高频相控阵检测技术的高效率、高精度、直观可靠的特点使其适用于飞机壁板焊缝的无损检测。

基于印刷散斑DIC技术的飞行器结构力学实验教学设计

印刷散斑数字图像相关技术是一种先进的非接触式全场应变测量技术,将其应用于飞行器结构力学薄壁结构实验教学,可以直观呈现薄壁结构中板元件的应变分布,对于加深学生对薄壁结构力学分析方法的理解有很大帮助。同时也从实验内容和实验技术两方面对原教学实验项目进行了拓展,有助于学生及时了解和掌握先进的实验力学测试技术,扩宽知识视野。

Riveting Process Modeling and Simulating for Deformation Analysis of Aircraft＇s Thin-walled Sheet-metal Parts

The riveting joint is one of the important joint methods to permanently fasten two thin-walled sheet-metal parts. It is most ba- sic to efficiently analyze and estimate the deformation of the riveting joint for the performance, fatigue durability and damage of the riveting structure in the aircraft. This paper researches the riveting process mathematics modeling and simulating to more accurately analyze deformation of thin-walled sheet-metal parts. First, the mathematics and mechanics models for the elastic deformation, plastic deformation and springback of the rivet are built by mechanics theory. Second, on the basis of ABAQUS system, a finite element system, an instance made up of the rivet and two thin-walled sheet-metal parts of aluminum alloy is used to analyze and simulate the stress and deformation. What＇s more, a comparison is made between the results obtained by the mathematics and mechanics models and those by finite element method （FEM）. The models are proved true by the calculating and simulation results of the instance.

筒状薄壁件喷丸变形原因分析及控制方法改进

针对飞机起落架中筒状薄壁零件在喷丸强化过程中,内孔极易发生变形而导致零件尺寸超差的问题,为了控制薄壁零件内孔变形,减少零件的超差,在对内孔变形产生的原因以及现有控制内孔喷丸变形的方法进行分析的基础上,对原有控制喷丸变形的方法进行了改进。通过对筒状薄壁零件内孔喷丸的试验研究和比较分析发现,通过改进零件内孔喷丸放置方式,消除内孔弹丸聚集,以及降低喷丸空气压力、弹丸流量、喷丸速度,增加喷丸次数和改进旋转喷丸工装增加内孔支撑力的方法,可以有效控制筒状薄壁零件的内孔喷丸变形,变形量可控制在0.05 mm以内,达到零件的使用要求。该改进后的控制内孔喷丸变形的方法,对同类型零件控制喷丸变形有一定的借鉴和推广应用意义。

大扩张角子午流道型线对损失的影响

采用数值计算方法对具有大扩张角中间机匣的某型涡轮低压级子午流道型线进行了改型设计 ,提出了7种型线设计方案 ,并应用N S方程全三维粘性求解程序对 7种方案进行了验算。结果表明 :子午扩张型流道外壁型线的改变 ,对低压导向器出口能量损失的影响是显著的 ,设计气动性能优良的子午扩张型线能明显削弱由于大扩张角引起的气流分离 ,降低涡轮低压级的损失。

航空薄壁件与铣刀的加工变形误差补偿研究

基于三维铣削力数学模型,应用实验对铣削力系数进行辨识。以刀具和工件的加工变形为研究对象,仿真出刀具与工件的变形量,并绘制不同约束下的工件变形曲线。通过对曲线的分析,求出加工过程中刀具与工件变形对精度变化影响的因素和规律。提出一种基于有限元加工变形的计算误差补偿方案,实现铣削参数的优化,提高铣削加工精度。

振动环境下飞机薄壁结构紧固件疲劳寿命研究

列举了飞机薄壁结构紧固件损伤失效故障的典型实例,简要分析了其失效特点与危害性。针对某型飞机机翼前缘襟翼单面连接结构紧固件松动、脱落的故障问题,提出了3种改进方案,并采用拉-拉疲劳试验与振动疲劳试验方法对改进前后的紧固件进行了对比试验。为模拟紧固件在振动疲劳载荷作用下的失效模式与失效过程,研制出了冲击振动试验台;初步建立了飞机结构紧固件振动疲劳试验方法。结果表明,在振动疲劳载荷与传统疲劳载荷作用下飞机结构紧固件的失效模式、损伤机理及寿命分布规律有显著差别。依据试验结果,给出了某型飞机机翼前缘襟翼单面连接结构改进的首选和备选方案。