Target Controllability of Multi-Layer Networks With High-Dimensional

This paper studies the target controllability of multilayer complex networked systems,in which the nodes are highdimensional linear time invariant(LTI)dynamical systems,and the network topology is directed and weighted.The influence of inter-layer couplings on the target controllability of multi-layer networks is discussed.It is found that even if there exists a layer which is not target controllable,the entire multi-layer network can still be target controllable due to the inter-layer couplings.For the multi-layer networks with general structure,a necessary and sufficient condition for target controllability is given by establishing the relationship between uncontrollable subspace and output matrix.By the derived condition,it can be found that the system may be target controllable even if it is not state controllable.On this basis,two corollaries are derived,which clarify the relationship between target controllability,state controllability and output controllability.For the multi-layer networks where the inter-layer couplings are directed chains and directed stars,sufficient conditions for target controllability of networked systems are given,respectively.These conditions are easier to verify than the classic criterion.

Effects of heat input on layer heterogeneity of selective laser melting Ti-6Al-4V components

Due to the layer-by-layer manufacturing characteristics,metallurgical process of selective laser melting(SLM)is inherently dif-ferent in the building direction because of varying conditions,thereby resulting inter-layer heterogeneity.To mitigate such anisotropy,it is of great significance to understand the effects of processing parameters on the property evolution and thus metallurgy of fabrication process.This research proposes one-factor-at-a-time experiment to investigate the influences of laser power and scanning speed on the surface qual-ity,microstructures and mechanical properties of selective laser melted Ti-6Al-4V parts.Surface quality is assessed by roughness around the printings while mechanical properties are evaluated through microhardness and tensile strengths.Phases in microstructure are quantified by XRD to correlate with mechanical properties.Fracture morphology is analyzed to understand the effect of defects and microstructure on mechanical performance.The optimized parameter corresponding to best surface quality and mechanical properties has been found respect-ively in laser power of 190 W and scanning speed of 800 mm/s.After optimization,surface roughness has decreased by 44.47%for upper surface.Yielding strength,tensile strength and elongation rate have improved by 13.17%,43.34%and 64.51%,respectively,with similar hardness and Young’s modulus.In addition,heterogeneity of mechanical properties has great improvement by a range of 31.63%-92.68%.

地震沉积学在苏里格49区块176三维区薄储层中的应用

苏49区块位于苏里格西区西部,以薄互层储集层为主,现有三维地震资料主频较低,无法满足沉积相精细刻画需求。通过地震沉积学分析表明,研究区盒8下亚段发育由北向南的辫状河沉积体系,东西两侧各发育一条主河道,中间发育2-4条分支河道。沉积早期水动力能量波动大、沉积物供给不稳定,砂体单层厚度薄、泥质夹层多;晚期水动力能量强,沉积物供给丰富,砂体厚度大、岩性纯、物性好,形成相对优质的储集层。

Seepage influence of supra-permafrost groundwater on thermal field of embankment on Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,China

As a unique hydro-geological phenomenon in permafrost regions,the seepage of supra-permafrost groundwater will carry a large amount of heat and cause differential settlement in the embankment.This paper presents the results of a field study monitoring the supra-permafrost groundwater levels on both sides of an embankment in permafrost regions.It describes a two-dimensional coupled hydro-thermal model and uses it to analyze the influence of seepage on its temperature field considering climate warming.The results show that seepage exacerbates permafrost thawing and thickens the active layer.The thermal influence on the sunny side of the embankment toe is more significant than that on the shady side,which will cause differential settlement in the embankment.After 50 years of operation,the embankment soil temperature with seepage during freezing is 0.2
C warmer than that without seepage,and the thermal influence diminished with the increase in depth.Additionally,seepage influences the thermal regime in vertical and horizontal directions of the embankment.During freezing seasons,the thaw depth increases,and the horizontal thaw range decreases.During thawing seasons,the thaw range grows both vertically and horizontally.

薄互层地震切片解释中的几个问题——以一个三维地质模型为例

在对薄层干涉效应进行分析的基础上,通过一个地质模型对地震切片技术存在的问题及其发展潜力进行了相对客观的实验分析。实验分析结果表明:①相对于地震剖面本身,薄层砂体在地震切片上具有更好的可识别性和可检测性;②地震切片能够相对可靠地反映不同砂体的分布特征和物源方向,当砂体累计厚度小于1/4地震波波长时,均方根振幅与砂体累计厚度具有较好的正相关关系;③某层砂体的"零值时间"地震切片不包含该层砂体本身的反射贡献,不同深度砂体的"零值时间"能够较好地反映砂体之间的垂向距离,有助于建立不同深度砂体的沉积模型和叠置关系;④同一层砂体具有多个"零值时间","零值时间"地震切片具有周期性,且"零值时间"地震切片与单层砂体具有较好的对应关系,但其出现次序与地层深度是反序的。

薄互层油气藏时移地震反演数据解释

本文从时移地震薄互层油藏监测的本质出发,首先提出并试验了地震尺度下基于边界理论的弹性参数计算方法;其次利用模型资料,定量分析了时移地震常规属性(如最大振幅、最大阻抗等)和累积属性响应地震尺度测量结果与精确测量结果的差异,以及薄层厚度、薄层组合结构、饱和度变化对属性的影响;然后利用实际气田时移地震纵波阻抗反演数据计算累积差异阻抗与累积差异阻抗的平均值,得到气藏压力变化质量因子与气藏压力变化数量因子;最后采用气藏压力变化质量因子与数量因子的交会分析和乘积分析方法实现了对实际薄互层气藏压力变化动态的监测。

考虑剪应力作用的有限土体被动土压力分析

以挡土墙后有限范围砂土为研究对象,建立挡土墙位移与内、外摩擦角的关系,假定墙后土体为圆弧形拱,并考虑层间剪应力,采用多道滑裂面假设下得到的破裂面角与被动土压力系数,推导了有限土体的被动土压力解,该公式也可退化为半无限土体的被动土压力解.与模型试验相比,所提理论解与试验值吻合较好,证明了解析解的合理性.参数分析表明:考虑层间剪应力下不影响被动土压力的合力,但会使其合力作用点升高;被动土压力随土体宽高比减小呈现先变化不大后急剧增加的趋势;被动土压力合力随内摩擦角增加呈单增趋势,而合力作用点则随之降低.

自然电位曲线重构下的地震反演在薄砂体描述中的应用

在长垣高含水油田开发后期,剩余油挖潜研究的难点是单砂体的精细描述。引入地震资料能够准确预测井间砂体展布,但地震资料的垂向分辨率低且存在多解性,需通过井—震结合开展不同砂体类型的精细研究。在给出杏六区东部Ⅰ块葡Ⅰ1-葡Ⅰ3油层砂体特征的基础上,分析了自然电位曲线重构的三维地震反演资料对不同类型砂体的识别能力,预测了杏北开发区主力油层分流河道砂体的平面分布规律,完善了密井网条件下储层沉积相带图,为指导该区剩余油开发奠定了基础。

辽河盆地清水洼陷区沙河街组二段砂岩薄互层预测

辽河西部凹陷清水洼陷沙河街组二段作为辽西凹陷勘探开发的主力层系,具有挖潜的价值。传统的物探方法和沉积理论对于指导薄互层预测存在一定的局限性,针对该区薄互层难以识别的问题,依托三维高精度大连片地震数据,建立并细分该研究区沙河街组二段的体系域格架,开展各体系域的沉积体系研究。研究中发现,清水洼陷区具有"振荡沉积、物源迁移、储层互补"的特点,综合运用90°相位化、基于波阻抗反演的地质统计学反演、频谱分解等技术,进行体系域内部不同沉积类型薄储层的精细雕刻。经钻井证实,预测结果和勘探成果吻合良好,清水洼陷区薄互层预测技术系列不仅有效地降低了后期勘探风险,而且对于同类型盆地有一定的借鉴作用。

盐间页岩油韵律层地震响应模拟及页岩薄储层厚度预测

江汉盆地潜江凹陷潜江组页岩油储层的地质结构为韵律背景下的页岩薄层,由于地震分辨率的限制,常规地震勘探方法难以精确描述盐间页岩油薄储层厚度的空间展布。因此,应用现有地震资料,探索适用于韵律结构中页岩薄层的地震预测方法具有重要意义。本文通过地震传播矩阵方法计算并分析研究区目标韵律层的地震响应特征,系统模拟并分析非均匀薄互层结构中页岩薄层的厚度、纵波速度等变化时地震波的反射动力学特征,发现地震反射波形的振幅和相位随非均匀页岩薄层的纵波速度和厚度的变化产生明显的变化,这些变化是本文页岩薄层厚度预测的基础。结合测井分析构建韵律层地质地球物理模型,模型空间考虑了页岩薄层纵波速度和厚度共99种组合变化的情况。通过求取目标层实际地震反射波形与构建的模型空间中地震波形的最佳匹配,提出基于反射波形的页岩薄储层厚度的地震预测方法,预测研究区页岩薄层厚度变化范围为5~20 m,并且由西南向东北呈增加趋势。预测页岩薄层厚度与测井解释具有较高的一致性,验证了本文地震预测方法的有效性。

阿不都拉面板坝板间缝及周边缝变形特性研究

以在建的阿不都拉面板堆石坝工程为例,采用薄层接触单元来模拟其板间缝、周边缝、面板与垫层接触面建立三维仿真模型,研究蓄水期该坝板间缝和周边缝的变形发展规律,研究结果表明:阿不都拉面板坝满蓄期板间缝剪切错动变形最大值为0.73 mm,位于两岸基岩变坡点附近,张拉变形最大值为2.49 mm,位于河谷两岸附近,压缩变形最大值为-4.09 mm,沉陷错动变形最大值为4.76 mm,均位于河床中央附近;周边缝剪切错动变形最大值为4.00 mm,靠近基岩变坡点,张拉变形最大值为12.00 mm,沉陷错动变形最大值为-32.00 mm,均位于右岸52号周边缝上端;其缝张压、剪切变形值与相近坝高面板坝相比均处在同一毫米数量级,沉陷变形数值小于同类坝型工程。研究成果以期指导类似坝体板间缝和周边缝的设计。

Distributed Contact Plan Design for Multi-Layer Satellite-Terrestrial Network

In multi-layer satellite-terrestrial network, Contact Graph Routing(CGR) uses the contact information among satellites to compute routes. However, due to the resource constraints in satellites, it is extravagant to configure lots of the potential contacts into contact plans. What's more, a huge contact plan makes the computing more complex, which further increases computing time. As a result, how to design an efficient contact plan becomes crucial for multi-layer satellite network, which usually has a large scaled topology. In this paper, we propose a distributed contact plan design scheme for multi-layer satellite network by dividing a large contact plan into several partial parts. Meanwhile, a duration based inter-layer contact selection algorithm is proposed to handle contacts disruption problem. The performance of the proposed design was evaluated on our Identifier/Locator split based satellite-terrestrial network testbed with 79 simulation nodes. Experiments showed that the proposed design is able to reduce the data delivery delay.

90°相位变换技术在乾北地区葡萄花油层储层预测中的应用

本文引入90°变换技术,从葡萄花有油层储层精细解释出发,结合储层在地震的响应特点,开展储层预测工作,并取得了较好的效果。

Effect of thermo-mechanical treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of wire-arc additively manufactured Al-Cu alloy

Wire-arc additive manufacture(WAAM)has great potential for manufacturing of Al-Cu components.However,inferior mechanical properties of WAAM deposited material restrict its industrial application.Inter-layer cold rolling and thermo-mechanical heat treatment(T8)with pre-stretching deformation between solution and aging treatment were adopted in this study.Their effects on hardness,mechanical properties and microstructure were analyzed and compared to the conventional heat treatment(T6).The results show that cold rolling increases the hardness and strengths,which further increase with T8 treatment.The ultimate tensile strength(UTS)of 513 MPa and yield stress(YS)of 413 MPa can be obtained in the inter-layer cold-rolled sample with T8 treatment,which is much higher than that in the as-deposited samples.The cold-rolled samples show higher elongation than that of as-deposited ones due to significant elimination of porosity in cold rolling;while both the T6 and T8 treatments decrease the elongation.The cold rolling and pre-stretching deformation both contribute to the formation of dense and dispersive precipitatedθ′phases,which inhibits the dislocation movement and enhances the strengths;as a result,T8 treatment shows better strengthening effect than the T6 treatment.The strengthening mechanism was analyzed and it was mainly related to work hardening and precipitation strengthening.

Bit-Depth Scalable Coding Using a Perfect Picture and Adaptive Neighboring Filter

Bit-depth scalability is a new research field in the on-going scalable extension of the H.264/AVC（SVC） video coding standard.The key point is to accurately predict the enhancement layer,whose bit depth is 10 or more,from the 8 bit base layer.An improved inter-layer prediction scheme for bit-depth scalability was developed that ensures compatibility with the standard and improves the encoding efficiency.The scheme uses a ＂perfect＂ 8 bit picture with an adaptive neighbor filter whose coefficients are optimized by minimizing the block distortion between the 8 bit reconstructed picture and the ＂perfect＂ picture to achieve a more precise 10 bit prediction based on the filtered picture.Double arithmetic precision is used to further improve the encoding efficiency.Experimental results show that the scheme outperforms the recent joint video team（JVT） proposal in the joint scalable video model（JSVM）.

Targeted BERT Pre-training and Fine-Tuning Approach for Entity Relation Extraction

Entity relation extraction(ERE)is an important task in the field of information extraction.With the wide application of pre-training language model(PLM)in natural language processing(NLP),using PLM has become a brand new research direction of ERE.In this paper,BERT is used to extracting entityrelations,and a separated pipeline architecture is proposed.ERE was decomposed into entity-relation classification sub-task and entity-pair annotation sub-task.Both sub-tasks conduct the pre-training and fine-tuning independently.Combining dynamic and static masking,newVerb-MLM and Entity-MLM BERT pre-training tasks were put forward to enhance the correlation between BERT pre-training and TargetedNLPdownstream task-ERE.Inter-layer sharing attentionmechanismwas added to the model,sharing the attention parameters according to the similarity of the attention matrix.Contrast experiment on the SemEavl 2010 Task8 dataset demonstrates that the new MLM task and inter-layer sharing attention mechanism improve the performance of BERT on the entity relation extraction effectively.